Terminological Dictionaries Research Articles

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНО-СОПОСТАВИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ЛЕКСИКОГРАФИЧЕСКИХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ, ВКЛЮЧАЮЩИХ КРЕОЛИЗОВАННЫЕ ЛЕКСИКОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ СТАТЬИ

The article provides a comparative-contrastive analysis of six lexicographical sources (English and Russian terminological dictionaries) including creolized lexicographical entries. The study focuses on the means to creolize lexicographical entries in English and Russian terminological dictionaries. Having analyzed illustrative material the authors identify seven basic types of the graphic component.

Shakespeare Terminology with Special Reference to Shakespeare Arden Dictionaries

The paper is devoted to the description of a special group of reference works in English author lexicography – terminological (or LSP) dictionaries of different subject areas explored in Shakespeare’s works: ethics, religion, military and naval activities, medicine, music, politics and society, philosophy, theatre, etc. As stated by scholars, Shakespeare is considered to be an expert in nineteen subject fields whose terms are used in their direct and figurative meaning in the Bard’s creative works. Among more than one hundred types of Shakespeare’s linguistic and encyclopaedic reference works, his terminological dictionaries play a significant role, registering and describing special groups of terms from the author’s plays. Shakespeare LSP reference books are combined today into Arden Shakespeare Dictionaries. The article discovers specific features of the architecture of Shakespeare LSP dictionaries: mega-, macro- and microstructure, using the recently published dictionary “Shakespeare’s Plants and Gardens” (2016). Detailed analysis of the unique Shakespearean use of plant and garden names contribute to better understanding of their symbolism and aesthetic value in Shakespeare’s plays.

ТЕРМІНИ-ГРЕЦИЗМИ ЯК НЕВІД’ЄМНИЙ КОМПОНЕНТ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ФАХОВОЇ МОВИ МУЗЕЙНОЇ СПРАВИ

The terminological system of the museum affair is the part of vocabulary, which includes the concepts denoting the names of the objects, actions, processes, phenomena, etc. related to museums. It is combined with the relevant sciences and spheres of the life - arts, biology, geography, history, as well as with archeology, vexillology, heraldry, numismatics, faleristics, architecture, sculpture, painting, library affairs, etc. One of the main sources for the formation of the modern Ukrainian terminological system of the museum affair is the foreign language terms borrowing. The terms that were borrowed from a classical languages, in particular from Greek, occupy a special place in the Ukrainian terminology system of museum science, along with specific terms. Here we paid a special attention to Greek borrowing terms as an important way to replenish the terminological dictionary. Also, the composition of the borrowings and specifics of the operation by types of the foreign language terminology were determined. The role of the Greek prepositional and postpositional components of the terminological system of the museum affair was described. The functioning of the Greek borrowing, as a mean of the naming of scientific concepts, reflected a natural process of language development. Borrowings from the Greek play not only a positive role in the formation of the vocabulary, but also firmly established and form an integral part of the terminological system for several centuries of its functioning.

О лексико-тематических границах словаря медеплавильной терминологии Пермской губернии конца XVIII–XIX веков

This article describes the system-lexicological basis of the project Dictionary of Copper-Smelting Terminology of the Perm Province at the end of the 18th–19th Centuries, which is close in its content to the lexicographic group of special, regional and historical publications. The main problem solved in this article is the determination of the lexico-thematic boundaries of the special language used in the copper-smelting sphere. To that end, the author determines the correspondence between the features of the technological organization of Perm copper-processing enterprises in the late 18th and 19th centuries and the nature of the lexicon of various special spheres. Based on the result of analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that the system of special vocabulary of copper-smelting has a field structure. The core of the field is formed by the vocabulary of the main production process, the near periphery – by the vocabulary of auxiliary production processes, the far periphery – by separate categories of the vocabulary of servicing production processes. In each category of the conceptual field, it is possible to distinguish lexical groups that denote different realities of material and performing techniques. In the author’s opinion, the results of this lexicological analysis should form the basis for the lexicographic principles of selecting lexicon from sources. The reliability of the indicated lexicographic concept is confirmed by its correlation with the principles of publishing linguistic dictionaries of special vocabulary of the past (Dictionary of Professional Lexicon of North Russia in the 15th–17th centuries, 2003), Dictionary of Gold Mining of the Russian Empire, 1998), historical encyclopedic dictionaries of the mining industry (Mountain Dictionary, 1841), and glossary-type materials devoted to historical descriptions of the copper industry of the Prikamye (Dictionary of Terms and Obsolete Words, 2016).

When Community Calls, We Collaborate! Community-Based Participatory Research With the Multilanguage Montagnard Refugee Community.

Montagnard refugees, an indigenous multilingual tribal people from Vietnam, experience lifestyle changes and post-resettlement challenges in the United States that contribute to chronic health conditions. Foundational research and health data are lacking. We describe the Montagnard Hypertension Study, a community-based participatory research (CBPR) project documenting chronic disease risk. We developed a Montagnard dictionary of hypertension-specific terminology and conducted two focus group discussions (FGD), 131 biological assessments (blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference, scalp hair and saliva sample collection), and 127 behavioral surveys. We implemented two health fairs that offered services to the community. This is the first study to examine chronic disease using a CBPR framework for Montagnard health. We highlight lessons learned specific to constituents and their capacities, historical and current conflicts, and the iterative processes in CBPR design. CBPR is a practically achievable approach to studying chronic disease risk within indigenous, tribal communities, with implications for future research with Asian American subgroups and other minority populations.

К вопросу о микроструктуре «Исторического словаря русской лингвистической терминологии»

К вопросу о микроструктуре «Исторического словаря русской лингвистической терминологии»

Принципы описания терминологии языка саха в лингвистике 1920—1940-х годов

The features of term studies formation in the works of researchers of the Sakha language in the 1920-1940-ies are considered. It is reported that at this time, a lot of work was done to develop the theoretical foundations and principles of creating the terms of the Sakha language, as well as a large number of terms in various fields of knowledge, especially in the socio-political sphere. It is emphasized that terminology complexes have been developed in all subjects in the volume of high school. It is shown that these goals were achieved relatively quickly because of the Yakut intelligentsia leaders of terms construction, who recognized the great importance of this work, enthusiastically took up the work and led others. Among leaders there were now well-known figures of language and - wider - cultural construction: A. E. Kulakovskiy, S. A. Novgorodov, A. A. Ivanov (Күндэ), G. V. Baishev (known by literary pseudonym Altan Saryn) and P. A. Oyunskiy. The article notes that each of these scientists went his own way, had his own priorities. Based on the results of the review, it is proved that the activity on the Yakut terminology system development was initially focused on two main ways of terminology fund formation: the use of internal language resources and borrowing of terms from other languages, in particular Russian. The article attempts to analyse dictionaries compiled by figures of linguistic construction of 1920-1940 from the point of view of the theory of modern thermography in order to optimize typical and composite parameters of terminological dictionaries.

Modeling WordNet Type Thesaurus for Uzbek Language Semantic Dictionary

These days creating the corpus of texts for Uzbek language, creating and developing linguistic databases, search-engine systems – are one of the crucial tasks of computational linguistics. Particularly, electronic dictionary-thesauruses, semantic dictionaries are one of them. Dictionary-thesaurus formation structure for Uzbek language, transferring the terminological dictionary into the e-version and implementing rules for establishing semantic relations between words where it gives a chance to establish automation linguistic processes of dictionary-thesauruses, which is the foundation of linguistic databases. Analyzing logical structure of paper-based dictionary thesauruses has given a chance to formalize its structure and creating rules for converting to e-version of dictionary-thesaurus syllables by using predicates language. Descriptors system is suggested in PROLOG language rules set for constructing e-version of dictionary – syllables.

Terminological Lexicon of Economy in Albanian Language as a Special Knowledge Field to Compare with English

Terminological Lexicon of Economy in Albanian Language as a Special Knowledge Field to Compare with English

Z dorobku polskiej leksykografii dziedzinowej: botanika

On the achievements of Polish specialised lexicography: botanyThe article documents the achievements of Polish lexicographers (terminologists, encyclopaedists, ethnobotanists, herbalists) in botany. It contains a comprehensive list of 831 lexicographic works published in Poland in the years 1472–2017, including terminology dictionaries, encyclopaedias, indexes, glossaries, botanical atlases, alphabetical compendia, guides, etc. The bibliography is comprehensive and annotated. The bibliographical material was extracted from library catalogues of various academic institutions and scientific centres in Poland, catalogues of publications, as wellas from scientific works (monographs, articles) in the field of phytology and ethnobotany.

MATHEMATICS TEACHING FOREIGN STUDENTS TECHNICAL SPECIALTIES

The article reveals the peculiarities of teaching higher mathematics to foreign students. The basic methods and forms for increasing the effectiveness of the learning process are determined, which include: preparatory work, the generalization and systematization of the educational material, the use of supporting abstracts and terminological dictionaries, specific requirements for the content and tempo of the teacher's speech, individual and group forms of work on practical lessons.Creating a personal terminological dictionary, maximum use of visual material, the use of individual and group training, taking into account the psychological and pedagogical features, language teacher, new and improved existing teaching aids, teaching materials in higher mathematics, guidance on tiered differentiation and individualization of learning is important factors for foreign students. These factors intensify teaching and learning activities and improve the educational process quality and efficiency. Qualitatively learned mathematical terms, operations can form a terminology database, which subsequently provides opportunity to receive education of high professional level.

The Development of a Semantic Network of Keywords Based on Definitive Relationships

This paper describes the substantiation and methodology for creating a network of semantically related terms for indexing scientific data on the basis of the analysis of definitions in the system of terminological dictionaries in all fields of science and technology. The processing of definitions in the automated and intelligent modes is provided. The links that correspond to the relationships of concepts in informationretrieval thesauri are established between terms.

The Scientific Sphere of Soviet Ukraine in Conditions of Ukrainianization of the 1920s

The article examines the processes of transformation of scientific sphere of Soviet Ukraine in the 1920s, when the official policy of Ukrainianization was provided. Author comments the difference between positions of academic circles and the Bolshevik government regarding the development and character of science. In these circumstances, the scientific sphere has acquired a new quality. By 1929, the Ukrainian Academy of Science’s activity had a quite distinct national form and content. In the Ukrainian SSR, the number of Ukrainian ethnic scientists was growing up. There has been formed a significant body of Ukrainian scientific works from all research sectors. Most areas of scientific research, including natural, accurate, legal science, received professional terminology dictionaries, regulated by the new spelling. It gave rise to a new generation of Ukrainian scientific intelligence. The process of recognition of Ukrainian science in the European and international scientific community was notable. However, the project of building a complete national science remained unfinished. Ukrainian science could not overcome the relatively narrow confines of official course of Ukrainianization. At the beginning of 1930 there was a dramatic change within ethnic policy of the USSR, the return to a policy of Russification, leading to serious deformation in science. Science in Soviet Ukraine became more ideological and more all-union.

The Polymorphic Behaviour of Adjectives in Terminography

Adjectives, while analyzed quite thoroughly in the works of terminologists, have not received enough attention in terminographic applications. Their inclusion, for instance in terminological databases, is low in comparison to that of nouns. However, the study of a specialized language such as karstology shows that adjectives have significant value due to their polymorphic behaviour. Our study shows that, depending on their semantic and syntactic relations with other lexical units, adjectives can provide us with essential information for terminology management and specialized knowledge organization. Semantically, adjectives highlight attributes of object concepts within a field allowing translators to discover more specific concepts, or different aspects of already known concepts. Syntactically, adjectives can present various syntagmatic relations with nouns. While some adjectives constrain the meaning of the noun, constructing other specific lexical units, others reveal the usage of terms (either complex or simple) in context. Our study, which is based on an analysis of a monolingual English corpus, has as its purpose to identify the most relevant attributive adjectives and explain their role in a specialized language such as karstology. We will also reflect on the presence of these adjectives in terminological dictionaries and on their contribution to the conceptual structure of a knowledge field.

A cognitive analysis of metaphor in Shona terminological dictionaries

It is well-known among linguists and lexicographers that metaphor plays a pivotal role in the creation of new terminology and its importance in the expansion of the Shona lexicon in response to scientific, technical and educational demands cannot be overemphasised. Like most languages, Shona is growing through the use of lexicon expansion strategies such as borrowing, clipping, derivation and coinage. Through such strategies, lexical gaps that are created in communication are filled, and one linguistic phenomenon that is central in language growth is metaphor. This article is inspired by the fact that lexicographers use metaphor in its varying forms to expand the Shona lexicon, especially in the compilation of terminological dictionaries. The article attempts to contribute towards a broader and deeper understanding of the divergent forms of metaphor and how they are utilised by lexicographers in the compilation of terminological dictionaries. The examples used are drawn from three specialised dictionaries compiled by researchers at the African Languages Research Institute (ALRI) of the University of Zimbabwe, namely, Duramazwi reUrapi neUtano, Duramazwi reMimhanzi and Duramazwi reDudziramutauro noUvaranomwe. The main objective is to show how metaphor is used in language development using tenets of Cognitive Grammar (CG).

Urban Planning Terminology in Albanian and Foreign Languages

Abstract The following article aims to introduce a scientific work undertaken with the aim of producing an Urban Planning terminology Dictionary in Albanian, accompanied by French and English. The study and exposure of urban planning terminology will be treated in two works, part of one another: *The theory platform for the analyses of linguistic problems represented by this terminology. *The draft of a dictionary with the main urban planning terminology (Albanian - French - English). To accomplish these two works, a preparatory work has been done in the first stage as it follows: 1. A great quantity of urban planning terms has been taken from this branch’s literature (schoolbooks; books published by urban planners about the various urban problems; this branch’s periodical magazines; urban laws throughout the years alongside with the relevant regulations; etc) what makes up the factual material. 2. The theory material has been collected and studied and it includes monographs, articles, references and other editions which have dealt with Albanian terminology problems, obviously by Albanian authors. We have also used foreign literature about terminology problems, mainly in French. On this theory and factual bases and by following the scientific criteria which have been applied to draft the terminology dictionaries (Albanian - Foreign languages) by the terminology section of the Albanian language and literature Institute, we have launched the preliminary wordy of the dictionary and partially completed its equivalent in French. While working with this dictionary, we have begun dealing with one terminology problem which is used in this branch, the one of the meaning phenomena. During this whole process, there urged the need to complete the factual material and naturally to deeply exploit the theory literature.

The Slovenian Dictionary of Automatic Control, Systems and Robotics

The Slovenian Dictionary of Automatic Control, Systems and Robotics is described in this paper. The scope of the dictionary, the reason for developing the dictionary, the procedure of its development, the problems of classification and the complications that were encountered while preparing it for publication are described. The dictionary was developed because of its importance to the development of Slovene terminology in a field that is not only used by professionals, but also by educators when teaching new generations of engineers, and users of modern technology. A considerable social impact of such a project is conceived. Since terminology is a dynamic system, the mechanism for updating the dictionary is established. The procedure and result of this project might be used as a model for developing similar terminological dictionaries in other languages.

СОПОСТАВИТЕЛЬНО-КОНТРАСТИВНЫЙ ЭЛЕКТРОННЫЙ СЛОВАРЬ ПИРОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИИ РОССИИ И США: СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ

Цель. Статья посвящена актуальной теме лексикографического моделирования двуязычных терминологических словарей. Предметом исследования является модель контрастивного представления терминосистемы лесной пирологии в русском и английском языках. Автор ставит целью раскрыть современное состояние концепции сопоставительно-контрастивного электронного словаря пирологической терминологии России и США, способствующего упорядочению и гармонизации терминов, и представить перспективы ее развития.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образуют дефиниционный анализ, логико-понятийный анализ, сопоставительно-контрастивный анализ и метод лексикографирования.Результаты. Результаты работы заключаются в том, что автор демонстрирует алгоритм эффективной семантизации научных терминов в словаре и передачи накопленного научного опыта с сохранением национальных особенностей терминологии. В качестве задела для создания подобного словаря автор предлагает использовать разработанный им прототип сопоставительно-контрастивного двуязычного электронного глоссария пирологической терминологии России и США. В перспективе для реализации предлагаемого проекта необходимо привлечение опыта управления крупными словарными проектами на международном уровне через сотрудничество с ведущими специалистами в области терминологии России и США, а также усовершенствование программного обеспечения для потенциальной возможности привлечения пирологических терминологий других стран к проекту.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в лексикографической практике при составлении отраслевых толковых и переводных словарей.

Fixed Word-Combination and Simple Word-Combination in the Terminology of Economy in Accordance with English Language

The problems of economic terminology can be handled from different angles. Today, there are many discussions about the concept of phrase terms and their reflection in the explanatory dictionaries of economic terms. Phrasal terms are reflected lexicographically in the terminology dictionaries but are also included in the explanatory dictionaries, collective lexicographic works and of the codifying and normative character of the Albanian language. The subjects break down the concepts in a transparent way, so today they have become one of the key tools for constructing terms in general. The widespread dissemination of fixed word-combination phrases in language as a specific lexical-syntax unit, especially in the terminology of the economy, creates a special layer in the terminology lexicon circle, which is characterized by specific features and attributes. Therefore, in this paper, we have been dealing with fixed and simple word-combination phrases, more widespread in the terminology of the economy, in accordance with the English language.

Technical Terms Generated upon Meaning of Words Indicating Kitchenware or Utensils

The process of generating the general lexicon into terms, also named process of terminology, relates to the semantic source of the word. This process enriches terminology not only on the level of the form, by embedding in a specified terminological system, but, mainly in that of the content/substance, supplementing it with concepts that maintain links with its base meaning (with the general language). The word thus appears as a bridge between the general and the terminological lexicon, such as: knife, sieve (common words) and terms: knife1 (filet carver) (mechanic); knife2 (engraver) (mechanic); sieve1 (vibratory) (construction, mechanic), sieve2 (mortar) (construction). Terminology as a special lexical subsystem in itself enters into a relationship with the layers of the general language lexicon and exchanges with them, by borrowing some of them and by utilizing it for its needs. This lexicon, deriving from outside of the terminology, consists of lexical units that enter into it in an invariable form, but with modified content; by meeting the needs of the terminological systems with terms. In this paper, we present groups of terms formed on the basis of the meanings of common words, presented in the 1980 Glossary and related to different elements of ordinary life, such as tools and kitchen appliances.