Terminal Design Research Articles

Design and demonstration of nearly-ideal edge termination for GaN p–n junction using Mg-implanted field limiting rings

A nearly-ideal edge termination for GaN p–n junctions was designed and demonstrated using Mg-ions implanted field limiting rings (FLRs). The FLRs were fabricated via the ultra-high-pressure annealing process after implanting Mg-ions into the etched n-type region outside the main p–n junction. The results of the technology computer-aided design simulation indicate that by optimizing the space and width of the rings, the breakdown voltage (BV) can be increased by over 90% of the ideal parallel plane BV (973 V). Accordingly, the fabricated diodes exhibited low leakage current and a BV of 897 V (92% of the ideal BV).

A study on free-standing 3C-SiC bipolar power diodes

A low p–n built-in potential (1.75 V) makes 3C-SiC an attractive choice for medium voltage bipolar or charge balanced devices. Until recently, most 3C-SiC had been grown on Si, and power device fabrication had, therefore, been hindered by issues, such as high defect density and limited processing temperature, while devices were necessarily limited to lateral structures. In this work, we present the fabrication and characterization of a vertical PiN diode using bulk 3C-SiC material. A p-type ohmic contact was obtained on Al implanted regions with a specific contact resistance ∼10−3 Ω cm2. The fabricated PiN diode has a low forward voltage drop of 2.7 V at 1000 A/cm2, and the on–off ratio at ±3 V is as high as 109. An ideality factor of 1.83–1.99 was achieved, and a blocking voltage of ∼110 V was observed using a single-zone junction termination design.

Nonisolated switching-capacitor-integrated three- port converters with seamless PWM/PFM modulation

Efficiency and power density of power converters for interfacing photovoltaic panels, energy storage components such as batteries, and loads in photovoltaic (PV) systems become more and more important. Compared with individual converter design for different terminals, power-integrated multiport converters shows obvious advantages in simplifying the system structure, reducing the component count, and improving the operation reliability. Originated from the high power-density switched capacitor topology, a nonisolated switching-capacitor-integrated three-port converter (SCI-TPC) is presented to achieve single-stage direct power conversion among three ports. In order to minimize the cross-regulation effect, pulse-width-modulation (PWM) and pulse-frequency-modulation (PFM) are adopted to realize the flexible power regulation and achieve power balance among three ports. Main operation modes, power flow distribution, and power transfer characteristic are analyzed. With the seamless PWM and PFM hybrid modulation, the current stress can be reduced and the overall conversion efficiency over a full operating range can be improved. Main experimental results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed concept.

Thermal performance and optimization of a casing pipe solar energy storage floor with phase change material

For PCM utilization in building component, energy storage structure is expected to improve the ability to extract heat from heat source and dissipate heat to the room at the same time. This paper presents a ring-shaped energy storage structure with combination of an outer casing pipe and an inner coil pipe in heating terminal. To better understand thermal performance and integration strategy of the terminal, effects of thermal parameters of PCM and structural parameters of casing pipe are analysed by numerical model. Root mean square deviation (RMSD) are 0.3% and 2.1% with experiments conducted to validate numerical model. Compared with conventional PCM and traditional heating terminal, casing tube PCM heating terminal have highest stability coefficient index at 0.983, which shows its thermal constancy and comfort level. Results show both thermal conductivity and heat of fusion of PCM have lifting limit at 0.2 W/m2·K and 350 J/g for enhancing the heating terminal thermal performance. PCM melting temperature have matching point at 293 K for high concrete layer surface average temperature and low temperature amplitude. Changing the ratio of casing and coil pipe diameter from 1.5 to 2 could reduce 12.3 K temperature fluctuation on floor surface. The above research provides a heating terminal which can simultaneously enhance heat absorption from heat source and emission to indoor room, while a basic reference for the terminal design and selection is investigated.

A Sequential Optimization-Simulation Approach for Planning the Transition to the Low Carbon Freight System with Case Study in the North Island of New Zealand

Freight movement has always been, and always will be an essential activity. Freight transport is one of the most challenging sectors to transition to net-zero carbon. Traffic assignment, mode allocation, network planning, hub location, train scheduling and terminal design problem-solving have previously been used to address cost and operation efficiencies. In this study, the interdisciplinary transition innovation, management and engineering (InTIME) methodology was used for the conceptualization, redesign and redevelopment of the existing freight systems to achieve a downshift in fossil energy consumption. The fourth step of the InTIME methodology is the conceptualization of a long-term future intermodal transport system that can serve the current freight task. The novelty of our approach stands in considering the full range of freight supply chain factors as a whole, using an optimization-simulation approach as if we were designing the low-carbon system of 2121. For the optimization, ArcGIS software was used to set up a multimodal network model. Route and mode selection were delivered through the optimization of energy use within the network. Complementarily, Anylogic software was used to build a GIS-based discrete event simulation model and set up different experiments to enhance the solution offered by the network analysis. The results outline the resources needed (i.e., number of railway tracks, train speed, size of railyards, number of cranes and forklifts at terminals) to serve the freight task. The results can be backcast to reveal the most efficient investments in the near term. In the case of New Zealand’s North Island, the implementation of strategic terminals, with corresponding handling resources and railyards, could deliver 47% emissions reduction from the sector by 2030, ahead of longer lead-time upgrades like electrification of the railway infrastructure.

Construction of security protection system based on online security monitoring technology of acquisition terminal

With the completion of the construction goal of “full coverage, full collection and full cost control” of the power consumption information acquisition system, the power consumption field of power grid has been fully transferred into the operation and maintenance period. In the process of security detection and sampling of the acquisition terminal, it is found that there are security risks in the field operation of the acquisition terminal, lack of online security protection processing mechanism for network risks and their own vulnerabilities, and there is a risk of being vulnerable to large-scale malicious attacks. Therefore, it is urgent to study the online security monitoring technology of the acquisition terminal and strengthen the construction of online security protection system of the acquisition terminal Design. In this paper, through the construction of the security protection system based on the online security monitoring technology of the acquisition terminal, the online security monitoring system of the acquisition terminal is built to collect and analyze the security data information of the acquisition terminal in real time, and monitor the acquisition terminal uniformly, so as to realize the security situation awareness of the acquisition terminal and the region; through the security analysis, the security risks in the operation environment of the acquisition terminal are found in time, so as to realize the security Threat identification and attack traceability, improve the level of terminal security operation protection. Through the construction of the security protection system based on the online security monitoring technology of the acquisition terminal, it can effectively support the security monitoring of all kinds of terminal equipment in the power Internet of things.

Layout Design of Medical Terminal Interface Combining User-Oriented andGenetic Algorithm

<p indent="0mm">In order to achieve the optimal interface design of the public terminal while improving user experience, this paper proposes an interface layout method that combines user orientation and a genetic algorithm. According to this method, the subjective cognition of users and their objective vision principle are integrated before conversion into a layout index. With the index of the interface layout scheme taken as the independent variable and the user experience value as the dependent variable, the cognitive relationship between the interface layout index and subjective user experience was modeled as a computable function. The expansion solution space was searched after the interface layout features were encoded using the slicing tree method. The specific steps include generating tree structure, determining the cutting method to obtain the best section tree, and adjusting the element nodes to identify the most satisfactory layout. With the registration interface and payment interface of the medical public terminal as an example, this method was applied to optimize its layout and then verified through a usability test. According to the experimental results, the usability indicators of the optimized interface layout was improved more significantly compared with the initial interface, suggesting the effectiveness of this method in the application of medical terminal interface design scenarios. Moreover, the generative auxiliary design of this kind is conducive to reducing the workload placed on designers and to enhancing efficiency.

Methodology for defining the new optimum level of service in airport passenger terminals

ABSTRACT This paper proposes a methodology based on agent-based simulation to define the new optimum airport level-of-service (LOS) that guides cost-efficient terminal design while providing passengers with a reasonable LOS. It aims to allow at least 50% of passengers to experience the new optimum LOS range while cutting off LOS values during peak and off-peak periods. The simulation also helps to adopt the standard cut-off combination and test the applicability of the methodology. The test reveals that the proposed methodology is useful for establishing an alternative LOS standard that is more cost-efficient and flexible than the conventional IATA standard and could be applicable for other public transport terminals.

Review Analysis on Factors Influencing the Design of Bus Station

In India, rapid increase in urbanization increases the demand of bus transportation usage with growth rate of 3% every year. This results in development of new routes in city and rural areas. The terminal operations in India are centric in nature for both pedestrians and vehicles. In order to design the efficient transportation system in terminal area the traffic operation should be centralized by implementing the correction factors. The previous research works were reviewed and the solution for developing the model was suggested in this study. The study of previous researches suggested various factors which influences the terminal design. All those factors were considered and the performance of each factor was studied and reframed with corrected values. This study integrated the terminal factors (Element factors + Operational factors + Structural factors + Dwell time factors (both vehicles and pedestrians)) for efficient terminal design and operations. In associated with the above-mentioned factors bus scheduling was included as a factor in this study and suggestion were made for improvements.

Polarization multiplexing and hybrid modulation based bandwidth efficient NG-PON2 coexisting with GPON and XG-PON

Bandwidth efficiency is an important design parameter for next-generation passive optical network stage 2 (NG-PON2). In this paper, two optical line terminal (OLT) designs based on the polarization split state are proposed for NG-PON2. The first method doubles the data rate per wavelength by separate amplitude modulation of both polarization states, whereas, in the second method, differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) modulates another data stream on each amplitude-modulated state; this approach increases the data rate per wavelength fourfold. The proposed system provides NG-PON2 access while coexisting with a gigabit passive optical network (GPON) and 10 GPON (XG-PON). The proposed system design serves 1024 NG-PON2 opitcal network units (ONUs), 128 GPON ONUs, and 128 XG-PON ONUs. The transmission performance of the system is verified by evaluating the bit error rate (BER) for varied received power. An acceptable BER level of less than ${{1}}{{{0}}^{- 9}}$ is considered in this work.

THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE FUTURE AIRPORT PASSENGER TERMINALS DESIGN

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a huge influence on air transport. For the first time two thirds of the global aircraft fleet were grounded;airports recorded a decrease of 70-95% in passenger traffic, and many airlines went bankrupt. The negative trends of air traffic operations automatically decrease airport aeronautical and non-aeronautical revenues, bringing airports to the very bottom level of financial survival. However, after several months and after implementing the World Health Organization anti-COVID-19 measures, a small positive trend starts to be seen. The measures that need to be implemented have presented an additional problem for passenger terminal planning and design, especially if the introduction of new subsystems into the existing traffic flow, such as health control, is taken into account. Considering that current international recommendations from IATA ADRM are no longer valid, it is necessary to redefine the traffic flows inside the terminal and adjust the procedures of passengers and baggage handling to the new conditions of social distancing. Following that, ICAO Annex 9 recommendation that passengers need to be processed on departure traffic flow in 60 minutes went under question. New requirements for terminal space to keep passengers on safe distance, the implementation of new contactless technology for quick passenger processing, a thermal camera and health checkpoints, as well as other measures are now “new normal” for the airport business.

Research on junction termination of 6500V IGBT

In this paper, a novel junction termination design for 6500V IGBT is proposed. A floating P+ rings termination where the P+ rings are highly doped is less than 2500um. The termination is immune to interface charges at the Si/SiO2 interface and other layers at the top as well as in the moulding compound. The simulation results show that the breakdown voltages are all above 7000V when the interface charges change from -3E11cm−2 to 5E11cm−2. This device was fabricated and the test results show that the breakdown voltage is more than 7000V, which is agreement with the simulation results.

REDESAIN TERMINAL BIS KEDAMIN

Transportation is the activity of moving an individual or group and tools or goods from one place to another. There are 3 types of transportation: land, water and air. Transportation by type is grouped into private transportation and public transportation. In Kapuas Hulu there are 6 Bus Terminals, one of which is the Type B Bus Terminal in Kedamin which is the highest type bus terminal in Kapuas Hulu. For the Type B Bus Terminal, the Kedamin Terminal has not met the requirements stipulated in government regulations, so it is necessary to redesign it to meet the standard for the Type B terminal. Bus terminals that look dirty are due to the unloading and loading activities that are not in place so that it disturbs the comfort of bus terminal visitors. Supporting facilities for bus management activities is inadequate. Insufficient arrival and departure waiting areas. Activities on a regular basis are disrupting the circulation of vehicles, therefore it is necessary to redesign the Kedamin Bus Terminal. The Bus Terminal design applies a contextual concept to adapt the conditions of the building on site to the surrounding conditions.

Online model for indoor temperature control based on building thermal process of air conditioning system

Since there are lots of influencing factors in indoor temperature regulation process of air conditioning system in the large-public building, it is difficult to establish an accurate mathematical model and to implement model-based online control. This paper proposes an online modeling method for indoor temperature regulation characteristic according to building thermal process. A physical-data driven model, which takes the state-space equation solution representation form as the reference structure, is proposed, and the model parameters are identified based on the multiple linear regression analysis. Then, experimental and simulation studies in online and offline have been carried out to validate the proposed modeling method. The contribution of this study is to provide an online model, which can not only retain system physical property but also be updated online simply. The proposed model with building thermal process property will be benefit for terminal controller design for indoor temperature regulation in the air conditioning system.

A software and hardware design of intelligent measurement and control terminal of distribution network based on a communication adaptive approach

With the development of science and technology, the hardware and software design of transformer intelligent measurement and control terminal is very important. Based on the hardware and software appization of internet of things, the design scheme of hardware and software structure is given. Supported by high-performance operating system, the terminal device can be upgraded flexibly through APP application software. The intelligent terminal pair can realize full data collection, full control and full fusion, and real-time exchange of key operation data with the power distribution master station. The intelligent terminal can support 5G communication and realize full compatibility of communication conditions downward.

Overview of 5G terminal antenna structure design

Overview of 5G terminal antenna structure design

A Compact Trench-Assisted Space-Modulated JTE Design for High-Voltage 4H-SiC Devices

This article proposes a compact trench-assisted space-modulated junction termination extension (TSM-JTE) design for high-voltage 4H-silicon carbide (SiC) devices. In this design, trench structures are introduced into the JTE region to effectively split the termination region into three functional zones. The proposed termination structure is cost effective in terms of the chip area it occupies; for devices rated at 10 kV, the termination structure extends the edge of the device by only 250 μm. Requiring only one implant, it is relatively cheap to fabricate, while a wide implantation dose window endures that is relatively insensitive to variations in dose that may occur during processing. The same advantages occur at 20 kV, the TSM-JTE proving to have the best tradeoff between maximum breakdown voltage and implantation window, compared with other single implant termination designs, achieving this in 500 μm of termination length. At 3.3 kV, a 110-μm TSM-JTE retains its advantages over the other JTE designs, but floating field rings are expected to consume less area, though this is not the case at the higher voltages.

Design of surface termination for high-performance perovskite solar cells

Guanidinium thiocyanate was selected to modify the surface terminations of methylamine lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite films and a 21.26% PCE was acquired for a solar cell based on the MAPbI3 system, and the voltage deficit is reduced to 0.426 V.

Analysis and correction of geometrical error-induced pointing errors of a space laser communication APT system

The geometrical error caused pointing error is an inevitable problem in space satellite laser communication terminals which can affect the pointing accuracy of the APT (acquisition pointing and tracking) system greatly, in order to facilitate the assembling of the APT system and improve the performance of the laser communication system, the geometrical error sensitivity about the APT pointing accuracy is analyzed based on multi-body kinematics method in this paper, the error transformation matrix is derived and the geometrical error is analyzed, the simulation results provide some pointing error distribution regulars which are conductive to assembling. Based on the above research, the geometrical error correction experiment is performed and the pointing accuracy of the APT system is tested, the expectation value of the pointing error can reach 29.9 µrad which is greatly improved. This research can provide technical references for the design and analysis of space laser communication terminals.

Information Security Terminal Architecture of Power Transportation Mobile Internet of Things Based on Big Data Analysis

The progress of the social economy and the rapid development of the power field have created more favorable conditions for the construction of my country’s power grid. In this network age, how to further realize the connection between the power system and the Internet of Things is the key content of many scholars’ research. In the Internet of Things environment, there have been many excellent results in the collection, storage, and management of electric power big data, but the problem of information security has not been completely solved. Based on big data analysis and Internet of Things technology, this paper studies the architecture design of power information security terminals. In view of the diverse types of power grid mobile information and the large amount of data, this paper designs a power transportation mobile information security management system structure, which improves the effective management of power data by the system through big data, smart sensors, and wireless communication technology. According to the experiment, the power information security terminal constructed in this paper can effectively reduce communication resources and save communication costs in the process of aggregating multidimensional data. In the user satisfaction survey, residents’ satisfaction with the convenience and safety of the intelligent power system is also as high as 9.312 and 9.233. On the whole, the application of big data and Internet of Things technology to the construction of power information security terminals can indeed improve the service efficiency of power companies under the premise of ensuring safety and allow users to have a better experience.