Terminal Facilities Research Articles

Evaluation of wood pellet handling in import terminals

Wood pellet imports are expected to increase in the European Union and Southeast Asia by 2030, considering pellets are the main feedstock used for co-firing in power plants throughout these regions. Due to the material's physical and biological properties, the equipment at an import terminal need to be different than what is used for other bulk material. Thus, most of the common problems associated with handling can be avoided. Dust emission and explosions, degradation in storage, self-heating and ignition are important criteria when designing a wood pellet port terminal, and can greatly affect associated logistics. Despite some availability of data concerning the handling of pellets, there is a lack of insight into the equipment and operations of actual handling facilities. A detailed literature research was performed in order to ascertain the level of the scientific background on the subject. Subsequently, visits in pellet facilities in the Netherlands and in-depth interviews with representatives were conducted and serve as a means of gaining an overview of current industry practices and equipment used for the handling of wood pellets. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the state-of-the-art in wood pellet handling in import terminals. This way, future bottlenecks can be identified and actions needed to overcome them can be determined. The analysis performed shows that while wood pellet terminals might be able to cope with the low amounts being traded currently, a reexamination and redesign of terminal facilities to accommodate the increased volumes will probably be required by 2030.

Geospatial Risk Assessment of Marine Terminal Infrastructure to Storm Surge Inundation and Sea Level Rise

Planning resiliency and sustainability of port operations and critical infrastructure requires risk assessment of storm surge exposure and potential sea level rise. An approach for rapid, screening-level assessment is developed to estimate the current and future risk of exposure to severe storm surges posed to marine terminal facilities in Norfolk, Virginia. The approach estimates the vertical elevation of local mean sea level fifty years into the future and attendant increases in potential storm surge heights. Inundation models are designed for baseline water levels and storm surges for category 1–3 hurricanes across five precautionary future sea level rise scenarios. In addition, tidal flooding poses an emerging threat because sea level rise will also force tides to higher elevations, suggesting that today’s extreme high tides may be the future mean high tide and today’s “nuisance” tidal flooding may in the future recur with chronic regularity. Potential tidal flooding levels are also modeled for each sea level scenario. This approach allows a port to assess relative risk tolerance across the range from lesser to more severe flooding events. Maps and tabular information in linked scenarios are used to summarize the extent, pattern, and depth of potential flooding. The methodology and data developed in this study may be applied to inform the timing and placement of planned assets and can be leveraged in the broader pursuit of optimization in support of long-term master planning at marine terminals.

Assessing Port Governance, Devolution and Terminal Performance in Nigeria

Concerns about performance and efficiency in port terminals led many national governments to embark on port reforms. The Federal government of Nigeria, for example, adopted the Landlord port model which brought about concessioning of port terminals to private operators. Despite high investments in terminal facilities by the private terminal operators, there are still complaints about level of service offered to port users. This paper applied key performance indicator metrics and parameters of queuing model in assessing performance of Nigeria’s concessioned port terminals. Data for the study were obtained from terminal level records of cargo and ship handling activities for years 2000 to 2015. Major findings indicate that cargo and vessel throughputs improved after the reforms in the six ports examined. However, much variability was observed in trends in ships’ turnround times across all ports after the concession policy implementation. Additional results from the queuing model analysis suggest that the high ships turnround times observed in some ports are associated to delays in ship operation at the berths. The paper recommends that policy interventions be focused on ship operations at the berths as a step in improving service level in the port terminals.

Evaluation Model of Cruise Terminal on Berthing Capability : The Case of Busan Cruise Terminal

The calling of cruiser ship to Korean port is increasing recently for 141callings in 2010 to 593 calling in 2015. The unexpected callings makes the Port Authority be confused because they cannot provide proper facility of cruiser ship at the time and right location. The unbalance of demand and supply of cruiser ship drop the service level, in a result the cruiser shipping company makes to leave the port. This paper deals with the procedure and model to estimate the dedicated facility of cruiser ship for the purpose of providing the facility which is not short of until 2025 of the target year in consideration of the size, number and location. The estimation of terminal facility depends on demand forecasts in the targeted area and the service level including ship waiting ratio, berth occupancy ratio, the size of cruiser ship etc. This paper suggests practical method and procedure to estimate the cruiser ship facility for ten years including forecasting, simulation estimation, ship waiting ratio, and berth occupancy ratio. As a result of calculating the number of berths of the Port of Busan, it was found that Dongsam-dong and North Port which has 1 berth of 220,000 ton and 1 berth of 100,000 ton are enough to accommodate the cruise ships in peak season of 2020 year.

Comparative Analysis of the Trends in Medical Utilization of Cancer Inpatients in Korea.

ObjectivesCancer has attracted worldwide attention. The incidence and prevalence are increasing, and it is the main cause of death. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of hospitalized cancer patients.MethodsThis study is a secondary data study using the Korean National Hospital Discharge In-depth Injury Survey Data conducted annually by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Using these data, we extracted inpatients who principal diagnosis is cancer for nine years from 2005 to 2013.ResultsAccording to the analysis, the annual trend of cancer inpatients is steadily increasing. In 2025, it is expected to increase to about 670,000 inpatients. A cancer diagnosis created a change in medical utilization depending on the characteristics of patients and hospital. Men are more at risk of cancer than women. The number of hospital beds and hospital days were inversely proportional to cancer inpatients. There was also a difference in the equity of medical utilization by region. Other cancer management policies should be based on sex.ConclusionPopulations between the ages of 45 and 64 years should be a priority in cancer policy. Because of the long-term hospitalization of patients with death as the outcome, a terminal cancer patient care facility is needed. These conclusions can provide a basis for various health policies.

Kajian Kinerja Pelayanan General Cargo Terminal Jamrud Di Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak Surabaya

Terminal Jamrud is a busy terminal among three others terminals run by PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia III branch of Tanjung Perak that serving general goods cargoes and dry bulk both dosmetically and internationally. The source of the problem to increase terminal performance are capacity building, efficiency, productivity and environment. The objectives of this study were to identify the existing performance of loading and unloading of general cargo and to arrange strategies for the development of Terminal Jamrud at Tanjung Perak Port using SWOT analysis. Based on secondary data: 1) the best operational performance of service is the productivity of loading and unloading of general cargo, 2) the best performance is the approach time (AT), 3) the waiting time (TW) has not fulfilled the expected achievement as it is stil below the standard, 4) attributes of utility services, non-container terminal dock facilities, SOR and YOR still needs to be improved. The development strategies of Terminal Jamrud at kuadran I i.e grapid rowth strategy.

Kajian Kinerja Terminal Batu Ampar Kota Balikpapan

Batu Ampar Terminal Balikpapan is the only type A passenger terminal in Balikpapan City. The purpose of this study is to determine the operational performance of the terminal at this time and also to determine the level of service in the terminal. The results of this study indicate that for FIFO queue discipline analysis on AKDP and AKAP bus lines, it is known that ρ <1 means that there is currently no queue in the terminal. For the analysis of terminal facilities it is known that there are still some terminal facilities that are not yet available from the main facilities and supporting facilities, therefore the need for additional facilities in order to meet the standard of passenger terminal type A. In the next 15 years analysis for traffic intensity value is approaching 1 which means in the future will cause the queue in the terminal, so it is necessary for the improvement of terminal performance. For the service performance with IPA method there are 35 variables that there are 7 variables that enter in quadrant I. In the next step to do analysis to know the priority of handling by using QFD method.

PENILAIAN KAPASITAS TERMINAL PETI KEMAS PELABUHAN TELUK BAYUR

The objective of this paper is to examine the utilization and performance of port management so that it shows the level of operational effectiveness and efficiency of various port facilities. The assessment was conducted using the static and the dynamic capacity method, as well as the theoritical and the actual capacity. Overall, the findings show that the average utilization of container terminal facility in Teluk Bayur Port is still very low.

Анализ системы нормирования на железнодорожном транспорте с позиций логистики и клиентоориентированности

Objective: The study of railroad transport rate-setting system from a position of customer-oriented approach and logistics, particularly the development of specific practical proposals of freight delivery system optimization and the assessment of OJSC “Russian Railways” logistic (terminal stocking) activity indices. Methods: Analytical method was applied, as well as economical and mathematical tools of terminalistics, being a new school. Results: An attempt was made to review the existing railway freight delivery system. It was observed that it was unreasonable to exclude materials handling elements - logistical objects (LO) of different types, from a logistical chain as by means of the element in question the freight arrives at as well as leaves the railroad. If the focus is made only on operating indices of functioning and traffic section of a logistical chain, it artificially impoverishes the strongest functional of railway enterprises, leading to a simplistic approach of traffic process managing and does not contribute to freight flow transferring to railroads. A new system of indicators was suggested for economic justification and calculation of parameters LO and TS, which were missing before. All indices were adjusted to the existing system of economical and operational indices of storage yard and railroads functioning. The new system may be applied in logistical rating, as well as terminal and stocking infrastructure of OJSC “Russian Railroads”. It may be used for: 1) LO identification; 2) LO selection taking into account its functionality, dislocation, etc. ; 3) construction projects’ assessment and reconstruction of terminal and stocking railroads’ infrastructure facilities; 4) logistical functioning of OJSC “Russian Railroads” holding company; 5) LO construction; 6) railroad transport functioning forecasting and planning. Practical importance: The application of the originally developed system of indicators will allow OJSC “Russian Railroads” to effectively design, operate and plan the functioning of terminal and stocking infrastructure facilities. The effectiveness of the suggested TSS is in more rapid freight delivery to consumers, expenditure reduction in technical maintenance and ineffective railway sidings and section’s stations repair, shunting and exporting train locomotives release, as well as passing siding of a section’s station for more effective formation of exit routes, technical and station’s speed increase of line haul main directions through home-base station, due to a number of train operation paths release, occupied with demountable export trains’ operation.

노인복지주택 입지 결정요인의 중요도 분석 연구

Although an elderly welfare housing is the facility that prepares for a social issue that is about population aging in a near future, because of the location propriety, suitability and demand survey and surrounding facility are not considered so the meaning of public view of an elderly housing welfare facility is faded in reality. For this, in this study, it tries to investigate the important decision factors of elderly welfare housing that is facility location is decided not by considering factors such as the nature of population structure for an elderly, spatial distribution feature of an aging population, convenience in use and locational preference factor but by supplier's intention when it comes to location decision. Therefore, in this study, it synthesises the considerations about the elderly welfare housing as a target that is about the absence of consideration of locational characteristic that reflects the current Social atmosphere which is regarded the quality of life importantly when it comes to a locational decision making and it does a field investigation with residents as a target so when it comes to location decision, It can draw the important factors. As a result of this study, when It comes to the location of the elderly welfare housing location, it considers various factors. through hierarchy structuralisation, within 30 facilities of 54 location decision factors that are drawn so that the whole from 1st degree to 3th degree of priority of location decision factors can be drawn. If we look at the each degree of site factor, we can see that in the first degree's case, it draws a university hospital, public office building, gym, railway service, wholesale market, job training centre, theatre, karaoke bar, passenger terminal and general business facility. in the second degree's case, a walking range station(within 600m), sports facility, labour welfare facility, private educational institute, hospital, shop, IC, retail market, bar and downtown area are drawn. in the third degree's case, a library, a social welfare organisation, use district of connection, casino, elderly welfare facility, petrol station, bus, religious facility, schoolyard and harbour facility are drawn. the elderly welfare housing has been developed by mostly private developments, provider's intention rather than resident's needs and environments for aging. Thus, the current elderly welfare housing is recognised not as a public meaning of welfare house but as an economic asset such as investment goods. On the other hand, If we consider the aging problem in a coming future, from now on, like the definition of "welfare of the aged act", the elderly welfare housing has to reinforce the role of specialisation of elderly housing facility as the facility that has purposes of convenience of living, guidance of life, counselling and safety control etc and provides convenience which is needed in daily life. Therefore, from now on, when it comes to location decision of the elderly welfare housing, it needs to consider the surrounding environment that needs for moving in and through the law institutional strategy, it considers that a policy plan that can lead such environments has to be made.

AN APPROXIMATE COST-INTEGRATED MODELLING APPROACH TO CROSS DOCK DESIGN

ABSTRACT Cross docking is a form of operating break-bulk freight terminals in which the receiving products are not stocked but, instead, the incoming cargo is internally transferred to be immediately shipped in distribution trucks. With this approach, inventory costs and lead-times are significantly reduced. In this work, an approximate, continuous, non-stationary queueing model is established to estimate the number of cargo discharging doors in the receiving dock. Since the traditional first-come, first-served queueing discipline is not applicable to this specific problem, an alternative formulation, called least-distance, firstserved queue discipline, is adopted and analysed with a simulation approach. The problem is modelled to support a preliminary design of a cross-dock terminal. The objective function, to be minimized, is the sum of the rent cost of the terminal facility, the waiting cost of inbound trailers when being attended at the terminal, and the cost of handling and moving freight inside the terminal.

Development of an Analysis Model for UPS System of LNG Receiving Terminal Facilities

UPS system in the liquefied natural gas(LNG) receiving terminal is one of the fundamental equipment that need to sustain operation during earthquake. In this study, modal identification test of UPS system was performed based on IEEE Std. 693-2005 and natural frequencies and modal damping, mode shapes had been identified. In addition, tri-axial time history test was performed to check the behavior and stress of the equipment during earthquake. Eigenvalue analysis was performed and analysis model was modified by reflecting the results of the test. Static analysis by dead weight and response spectrum analysis were performed to compare the combined stresses with the stress results of test. Dynamic characteristics and combined stresses under seismic load condition of the improved analysis model were similar to the test results and in this regard the compatibility was proved.

A COMUNIDADE PESQUEIRA DE SÃO GONÇALO DO AMARANTE (CEARÁ) E SUA RELAÇÃO COM O TERMINAL PORTUÁRIO DO PECÉM

A construção do Terminal Portuário do Pecém, no Estado do Ceará, deveu-se ao aumento da movimentação de cargas no Portodo Mucuripe, em Fortaleza, e de incentivos à criação de terminais como novas metodologias de logística e fluxo de carga. Este estudoteve como objetivo identificar o perfil dos pescadores e os principais conflitos socioeconômicos e ambientais decorrentes da instalação doterminal portuário, bem como seus efeitos sobre a comunidade pesqueira do Pecém. Em seu desenvolvimento, foram analisados os efeitos de um brusco crescimento econômico na comunidade, em especial os impactos desse empreendimento sobre atividades tradicionais como pesca e turismo. Dentre as conseqüências desses impactos, destacam-se a queda da produção de peixes pela interferência da rotina portuária sobre o sistema de marcação dos pesqueiros através de sinais terrestres, e da captura de camarões pela realização de dragagem para aumentar a profundidade da zona de atracação dos navios. O estudo também revelou uma intensa migração da mão-de-obra que vinha atuando quase que exclusivamente nas pescarias de caráter artesanal, principalmente devido à atratividade dos maiores níveis de salário praticados pelas empresas

A branch and price algorithm to solve the integrated production planning and scheduling in bulk ports

The integration of planning and scheduling decisions is of critical importance to guarantee an efficient operation and use of port terminal facilities. Our analysis takes into account a Brazilian bulk cargo terminal, recognized as one of the largest in the world. The problem is to define the amount and destination of each input or output order in a bulk cargo terminal, establishing a set of feasible routes to guarantee that products are stored and shipped on schedule, minimizing operational costs. A mathematical programming model solved through a column generation procedure and a branch-and-price algorithm is proposed and tested. Computational results show that the proposed approach is able to produce exact solutions for small- and medium-size instances but is compatible with real cases and that it offers strong bounds for large instances for which optimization packages are not able to provide solutions. The experiments show gaps varying from zero to 32.10%.

Analysis of Indoor Air Quality of Facilities with High Frequency Use of Chemicals

Concerns about the health of modern residential living are increasing. Social problems have occurred as a result of chemical products in the environment. While people are concerned about the use of chemical products, they generally are unaware of the formaldehyde (HCHO) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) contained in chemical products. In addition, it has not been recognized that people are often also exposed to HCHO, VOCs, and hazardous materials that are released into the environment from multi-use facilities. Advanced studies on indoor air quality in multi-purpose multi-use facilities, such as beauty salons, print shops, nail salons, and dry cleaners due to their use of chemical products have not significantly progressed, even though similar studies on facilities such as subway stations, hospitals, and transport terminal facilities have significantly progressed. The aim of the present study is to inform workers of the risks of the high frequency use of HCHO and VOCs in various chemicals such as laundry chemicals used in various facilities.

Retracted article] What is necessary to improve the Brazilian intermodal terminals? The shippers’ point of view from the stated preference approach

This study investigates the features of the services that shippers of bulk agricultural products need from intermodal terminals. Agribusiness usually is positively affected by logistics performance, since it normally involves extensive supply chains made up of a large number of agents. The answer to this question may help us understand why Brazilian shippers mainly use road transportation to move low value-added products over long distances and may also help us improve intermodal terminal facilities. Applying the Stated Preference technique, shippers ranked constructs in the following order: reliability, time period, customer relations, cost, and flexibility. The results indicate that constructs associated with quality of service are more highly valued. This implies that there are new points of reference for the transport market which favor the use of long-term contracts and closer relationships.

PENILAIAN KAPASITAS TERMINAL PETI KEMAS PELABUHAN TELUK BAYUR

The objective of this paper is to examine the utilization and performance of port management so that it shows the level of operational effectiveness and efficiency of various port facilities. The assessment was conducted using the static and the dynamic capacity method, as well as the theoritical and the actual capacity. Overall, the findings show that the average utilization of container terminal facility in Teluk Bayur Port is still very low.

A modified human reliability analysis for cargo operation in single point mooring (SPM) off-shore units

A Single Point Mooring (SPM) unit is a widely recognised off-shore terminal facility in the marine industry since a considerable amount of liquid cargoes can easily be transferred into huge tankers such as VLCCs or ULCCs. Although the system presents high safety standards, any minor accidents due to human error may cause serious harm to the marine environment, human life and the commodity itself. Therefore, nominated crew on-board the tanker and the unit should be very careful during SPM cargo operations. At this point, human reliability plays a critical role in avoiding potential operational or technical failures. In this context, the aim of this paper is to perform a comprehensive human reliability assessment during cargo operations of an SPM unit to enhance maritime safety in off-shore units. The paper prompts a methodological extension of human error assessment and reduction technique (HEART) by incorporating interval type-2 fuzzy sets which overcome more of the uncertainty of experts’ judgement and expression in decision-making. The proposed approach not only provides theoretical insight but practical contribution to human reliability assessment in the marine and off-shore industries.

The Model of Property Tax assessment based on Straight Line Distance and Distance of Travel; Case Study in the West ofBogor City

The purpose of this study is to find out what factors that affect the land prices, as well as researching the straight line distance or the distance of travel to public facilities stronnger to influence the land prices. The results of this study are necessary to improve the method of determination of the assessment (the value of tax object used by Indonesia's property tax or Nilai Jual Obyek Pajak called NJOP) used in collection all property taxes in the city ofBogor. The data used in this study was 41 vacant lot in area ofBogor Barat, which has been traded throughout the last six months in 2013. Analysis tool used is the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression applied to the models of the hedonic price regression (Hedonic Price Method/HPM). Results of the study was the second model uses the distances of travel to public facilities has adjusted R2 of 0.815, is higher than the first model that uses the straight line distance with an adjusted R2 of 0.803, as well as assessment (NJOP) regression to land prices by 0.682. In the second model, five independent variables that affect the land prices are the distances to education facilities, health facilities, security facilities, terminal facilities, and characteristics of the area surrounding the location of the object of research. Adjustment of the determination of the assessment (NJOP), is expected to increase accuracy and fairness, as well as increasing the property tax revenue that results are needed to expand public utilities in the city ofBogor.

IMS 서비스망 연동을 위한 FMC 컨트롤러 구현

Work environments within the firm with a concept of mobile office is growing divided into two sections. It's Wi-Fi FMC(Fixed Mobile Convergence) field Which are implemented in a telephone service available from existing fixed-line service in the center of the smart phones and the EMS(Enterprise Mobility Service) field to make people will be able to handle PC the center of the information system within an enterprise using a smart phone instead of terminal facility connects to a system in the workplace and external. This paper developed FMC controller to allow execution IMS(IP Multi-Media Subsystem) services to complement the issues of the FMC corporation, telephony service associated. The controller includes FMC automatic enrollment services, voice quality enhancement of the mobile phone, anywhere within the firm on his mobile phone calls can provide mobility and is also implemented FMC LCR function that use status information from mobile soft-phone within the IP-PBX.