Temporary Lack Research Articles

Developmental exposure of zebrafish to saxitoxin causes altered expression of genes associated with axonal growth

Saxitoxin (STX) is a potent neurotoxin naturally produced by dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria. STX inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs), affecting the propagation of action potentials. Consumption of seafood contaminated with STX is responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). Humans are among the species most sensitive to PSP; neurological symptoms of exposure range from tingling of the extremities to severe paralysis. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of STX exposure on developmental processes during early embryogenesis. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that early developmental exposure to STX would disrupt key processes, particularly those related to neural development. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to STX (24 or 48 pg) or vehicle (0.3 mM HCl) at 6 h post fertilization (hpf) via microinjection. There was no overt toxicity but starting at 36 hpf there was a temporary lack of pigmentation in STX-injected embryos, which resolved by 72 hpf. Using high performance liquid chromatography, we found that STX was retained in embryos up to 72 hpf in a dose-dependent manner. Temporal transcriptional profiling of embryos exposed to 48 pg STX per embryo revealed no differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 24 hpf, but at 36 and 48 hpf, there were 3547 and 3356 DEGs, respectively. KEGG pathway analysis revealed significant enrichment of genes related to focal adhesion, adherens junction and regulation of actin cytoskeleton, suggesting that cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions were affected by STX. Genes affected are critical for axonal growth and the development of functional neural networks. We confirmed these findings by visualizing axonal defects in transgenic zebrafish with fluorescently labeled sensory neurons. In addition, our gene expression results suggest that STX exposure affects both canonical and noncanonical functions of VGSCs. Given the fundamental role of VGSCs in both physiology and development, these findings offer valuable insights into effects of exposure to neurotoxins.

Storing up Treasures: Storage Potential of Macrolophus pygmaeus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) Nymphs for Application in Biological Control.

Long-term storage is an important component of insect mass-rearing systems, prolonging the shelf life of biocontrol agents during a low-demand period or a temporary lack of suitable food. Macrolophus pygmaeus is a predatory heteropteran, mass-reared and widely used for the biological control of arthropod pests in greenhouses. With the aim to determine the optimal conditions and acceptable duration of cold storage, we evaluated the impact of different periods of storage of fed and starved third instar nymphs of M. pygmaeus at different temperatures on nymphal survival, adult emergence, and female fecundity. Four storage temperatures (3, 6, 9, and 12 °C) were tested. The longevity of starved nymphs decreased with an increase in the storage temperature, with a maximum of about 40 days at 3 °C, whereas the longest lifetime of nymphs fed on eggs of the grain moth Sitotroga cerealella (about 150 days) was observed at 9 °C. Further experiments demonstrated that the third instar nymphs of M. pygmaeus fed with eggs of the grain moth can be stored at 9 °C for 30 days, with a moderate (10-20%) decrease in survival and fecundity, whereas the survival of starved nymphs decreased by half after 10 days of storage at 3 °C.

Blockade of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by Astragaloside IV attenuates ulcerative colitis via improving the intestinal epithelial barrier

BackgroundThe specific pathogenesis of UC is still unclear, but it has been clear that defects in intestinal barrier function play an important role in it. There is a temporary lack of specific drugs for clinical treatment. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is one of the main active ingredients extracted from Astragalus root and is a common Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. This study aimed to determine whether AS-IV has therapeutic value for DSS or LPS-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in vivo and in vitro and its potential molecular mechanisms.MethodsThe intestinal tissues from UC patients and colitis mice were collected, intestinal inflammation was observed by colonoscopy, and mucosal barrier function was measured by immunofluorescence staining. PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activator YS-49 and inhibitor LY-29 were administered to colitic mice to uncover the effect of this pathway on gut mucosal barrier modulation. Then, network pharmacology was used to screen Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), a core active component of the traditional Chinese medicine Astragalus membranaceus. The potential of AS-IV for intestinal barrier function repairment and UC treatment through blockade of the PI3K/AKT pathway was further confirmed by histopathological staining, FITC-dextran, transmission electron microscopy, ELISA, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and western blotting. Finally, 16 S rRNA sequencing was performed to uncover whether AS-IV can ameliorate UC by regulating gut microbiota homeostasis.ResultsMucosal barrier function was significantly damaged in UC patients and murine colitis, and the activated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was extensively involved. Both in vivo and vitro showed that the AS-IV-treated group significantly relieved inflammation and improved intestinal epithelial permeability by inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In addition, microbiome data found that gut microbiota participates in AS-IV–mediated intestinal barrier recovery as well.ConclusionsOur study highlights that AS-IV exerts a protective effect on the integrality of the mucosal barrier in UC based on the PI3K/AKT pathway, and AS-IV may serve as a novel AKT inhibitor to provide a potential therapy for UC.Graphical abstract

Comparison and Utility of Intravenous Iodinated Contrast in Chest, Abdomen, Pelvis Computerized Tomography for Trauma Patients With Blunt Mechanism of Injury Before and After the May 9, 2022 Global Contrast Shortage at a Level II Trauma Center.

Background: Intravenous (IV) contrast improves the sensitivity and specificity of injury detection in computerized tomography (CT). Its use is recommended in the workup of trauma patients by the American College of Surgeons and American College of Radiology. On May 9, 2022, the Food and Drug Administration declared a shortage of iodinated contrast due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the shortage has ended, the temporary lack of IV contrast forced physicians to be prudent in ordering CT scans with IV contrast. We sought to determine if there was a change in the percentage of CT contrast studies performed during the contrast shortage and if this change affected patient outcomes.Methods: Retrospective chart review was performed on all adult tier 2 trauma patients at a 619-bed community-based level II trauma center who received CT chest, abdomen, and pelvis imaging as initial workup for blunt trauma from 5/9/2021-6/30/2021 (pre-shortage) and 5/9/2022-6/30/2022 (during shortage).Results: Patients were predominantly male with median age of 31-52 and of White or Hispanic ethnicity. Before the contrast shortage, all 110 trauma patients were scanned with contrast. During the shortage, 29 of 114 patients were scanned with contrast (P < 0.001). Injuries were identified in 59% of patients scanned with contrast (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in blood transfusion needs, repeat CT, disposition, or mortality when comparing pre-shortage to during shortage or when comparing between non-contrast and contrast studies during the shortage.Discussion: There was a decrease in the percentage of CT contrast studies performed during the shortage. A higher percentage of injuries were identified in the patients scanned with contrast. However, there were no significant differences in patient outcomes. Certain trauma patients may be safely scanned without contrast.

Heroes for nature: understanding childhood nature experiences in motivating action for nature

In the current biodiversity crisis, young people committed to act for nature need to be treasured. We did retrospective interviews with young adults who are dedicated to acting for nature in order to find patterns in their life experiences that contribute to their relationship with nature and drive their action for nature. We found that autonomous early childhood nature experiences build a foundation for young adults’ connection with nature. In early adolescence, engagement with nature takes flight after moments of wonder, significant life experiences, or encounters with like-minded peers. Some interviewees experienced a temporary lack of interest in nature during puberty. Using self-determination theory as a theoretical lens revealed that the basic psychological needs – relatedness, autonomy, and competence – manifested throughout the young adults’ lives. We use our findings to indicate both directions for future research and practical implications.

Modern-Day Practice of DCD Liver Transplantation: Controversies, Innovations, and Future Directions.

Over the past decade, donation after circulatory death (DCD) liver transplantation has expanded in the United States due to improved surgical experience and perioperative management. Despite these advances, there remains a reluctance towards broader utilization of DCD liver allografts due to lack of standardized donation process, concern for inferior graft survival, and risk of ischemic cholangiopathy associated with temporary lack of oxygenated perfusion during withdrawal of life-supporting treatment during procurement. New perfusion technologies offer potential therapeutic options to mitigate biliary complications and expand utilization of marginal DCD grafts. As these modalities enter routine clinical practice, DCD utilization will continue to increase, and liver allocation policies in turn will evolve to reflect this growing practice. This review describes recent progress in DCD LT, current challenges with utilization of DCD liver allografts, and how novel technologies and policies could impact the future of the field.

The formation of xylem tissues and secondary cell walls is diminished by severe and consecutive insect defoliation.

Insect defoliation causes unusual wood structures in forest trees. However, the characteristics of the unusual wood structure of hardwoods remain unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the characteristics of the wood structure in trunks produced under severe insect defoliation in Betula maximowicziana trees. Samples from the trunks were taken from two sites (Naie and Furano) in central Hokkaido where insect defoliation by Caligula japonica occurred during 2006-2012. The cross-dating and microscopic observations with histochemical staining were done. White rings with thin-walled wood fibers and drastic reduction in annual ring width in the subsequent year were observed in both samples. From these results, the formation year of white rings were determined and severe defoliation was confirmed to trigger white ring formation. The characteristics may prove useful for the detection of the formation year of white rings. Then, we clarified the cell morphology of wood fibers in the white rings. Scanning electron microscopy and histochemical analyses indicated that the thickness of the S2 layer of wood fibers decreased, but xylan and lignin were still deposited in the cell walls of wood fibers in a white ring. However, the cell-wall thickness of wood fibers recovered after defoliation period. Our results suggest that B. maximowicziana would respond to a temporary lack of carbon due to insect defoliation by regulating the thickness of the wood-fiber S2 layer. For B. maximowicziana, insect defoliation during the late growing season has serious deleterious effects on wood formation and radial growth. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Dynamics of Fatty Acids in Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) Larvae and Juveniles during Early Rearing and Weaning in a Commercial RAS—Implications for Dietary Refinement

The aquaculture production of pikeperch has reached commercial scale in a number of European countries, but the high mortality of early life cycle stages and minor understanding of nutritional requirements are still major bottlenecks. To investigate the fate of fatty acids during early development, weaning and rearing, pikeperch larvae and juveniles from a commercial recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) were sampled over 2 months for morphometric data, as well as fatty acid composition, with a total of 6 sampling days, with four to five replicates per sampling day and between 1 and 25 pikeperch larvae per individual sample, depending on larval biomass. The biomass of sampled pikeperch larvae varied from 0.1 to 420 mg (dry mass DM), depending on the age of the larvae, and the initial length of the pikeperch larvae was about 4.5 mm. Our data confirm that, accompanied by an exponential increase in dry mass, total fatty acids (TFAs) in larval tissues increased with the beginning of exogenous feed uptake and were depleted between days 13 and 25 post hatch, most likely associated with the weaning and metamorphosis of the larvae. We conclude that all fatty acid classes may serve as metabolic fuel during metamorphosis, but the ultimate fatty acid composition is strongly impacted by the available feed. The chosen diet probably caused a lack of alpha-linolenic (18:3n-3; ALA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA) during larval development and a shortage of vaccenic (18:1n-7), alpha-linolenic (18:3n-3; ALA) and arachidonic acid (20:4n-6; ARA) in juvenile pikeperch. This led to low DHA/EPA ratios 13 days post hatch, a high EPA/ARA ratio at days 41 and 56 post hatch and a fluctuating ratio of alpha-linolenic acid to linoleic acid (18:2n-6; LA). A temporary lack of essential fatty acids can cause dysfunctions and eventually mortalities in pikeperch larvae and juveniles. Despite high larval growth rates, the biochemical composition of the first fed Artemia and microdiets was most likely not sufficient and in need of improvement. We suggest that deficiencies must be compensated, e.g., through the substitution of the offered Artemia with more suitable live feed organisms, such as freshwater rotifers, and the enrichment of current microdiets in order to prevent high mortalities during pikeperch rearing and weaning.

A proposal of AHRS yaw angle correction with the use of roll angle

PurposeAttitude and heading are very important measurements on board aircraft. In modern solutions they are measured by the attitude and heading reference system (AHRS). In some small unmanned systems, the GPS track angle is used for heading corrections instead of the magnetometer; then, the system measures the track angle instead of heading. With a temporary lack of correction signals, the measurement error increases very quickly. Similarly, a quick increase in the measurement error is observed when a magnetic heading sensor used for correction stops working properly. This study aims to propose measurement of the roll angle for yaw angle correction.Design/methodology/approachAHRS algorithms were designed; typical maneuvers were analyzed. The method was verified by simulation and in flight testing analysis. For quantitative analyses, a performance index was proposed.FindingsThe method enables reduction of the yaw angle error caused by the gyros bias error. This study presents the idea, results of simulations and flight testing data analysis and discusses advantages and limitations of the presented method.Practical implicationsThe presented methodology can be implemented in AHRS systems for manned and unmanned aircraft.Originality/valueThis study enables more accurate measurement of the yaw angle in the case of missing correction signals.

Transmigración de canino mandibular. Presentación de un caso

Transmigration is the displacement within the mandible of a impacted tooth element that crosses the midline for more than 50% of its length. It is a rare phenomenon of unknown etiology, with a prevalence of 0.33% to 0.46% depending on the population studied. It affects more women than men, more to the lower jaw than to the upper jaw, involving mainly the mandibular canine. The clinical case of a 16-year-old adolescent female patient is presented, showing transmigration of the left lower canine, with a Mupparapu type 4 migration pattern. The importance of early diagnosis and the timely indication of panoramic radiography in cases of persistence of temporary canines and/or lack of permanent canines is emphasized

Against the End of the World

Because it's difficult to think of the earth as doomed, the velvet summer too plush, the willow branches swishing like hula skirts, and everyone scuttling through the days, our legs quick as second hands, all the countless revolutions. Endings are as inevitable as they are invisible. But the visible so expansive, infinite as a heron's wingspan blurred into sky, as pointed as a butterfly tongue dipped into a honeyed pool of nectar. How each seen thing seems evidence of permanence. How a stream whittled down to a trickle can only ever be a temporary lack, the seasons and cycles too familiar, any deviation nothing more than a blip on a long, eternal round. It's not that I haven't read the books, or learned the science, not as though I don't believe the graphing of Earth's history into neat, doomed lines. It's just that the other day I walked among a quiver of trees, and despite the radar's distant threat of rain, the breeze felt as though an idle god waved a paper fan over the earth, and the person I walked next to was present and solid and beautiful. “I keep reading the news,” she said, “and I really think the earth is doomed.” And I thought yes, she is right, the earth is likely doomed. The thought slid through me the way the breeze slipped along its silken currents, and the trees lining the trail shook their leaves and sighed.Because it's easy, in times like these, to prefer the tactile fact. I like my data to grow on trees, to measure the world through their bud, bloom, and sleep. I prefer the grammar of rustle and feather, the cattails along a pond lined up like a bar graph. I like my evidence served like grapes, on a silver platter and tender enough to go down easily. Not the rush of figures and facts swirling like riptides under raging dams, but the ease of walks by quiet rivers, all the pleasures of pretense. I admit, sometimes I favor Wordsworth over Thoreau, because I like my nature full of gods instead of humans. I want this moment, walking beside this timeless person, to be full of the illusion that the tenuous roots between us will hold. To be less about ruin and more about lyric, because Romanticism was an affable theory, when what we knew was beautiful, and how we knew it, as simple as walking outside. Because when I occasionally interpret a rumble of thunder to be the growl of a hungry god, or lightning a flash of lust in her eye, or a tornado the swirl of her frantic anger, how coherent, to see it all through my own incredulous eye.Because the trail that day was almost mythical. Of course, I suppose that was her point. That the present turns to legend, as imperceptibly as the earth rotates into tomorrow. That she and I, and all the people we passed cycling along the path, will become characters in a story that starts with Once. We know and we know, and still we spin our data into odes. Even when so much is calculable in the crimson echo of cardinal and pondberry. “Every day I read some new terrible thing,” she said as we walked, just as the trail dipped under a bridge. Suddenly, she stopped, and with theatrical gloom cupped her hands around her mouth and cried, “The world is doomed!” The echoes bounced off the piers like basketballs, doomed, doomed, doomed.“You sound like an apocalyptic prophet,” I said, and she laughed, and this is why. Because we prefer our doom to be abstract and ironic, like when a beautiful, solid person walking along a manicured trail on a lush, 75-degree day, sighs and says, “I think the earth is doomed.” If only permanence wasn't so imaginable. When we emerged from under the bridge, we saw the prophesied rain cloud ahead, the color of scorched concrete, staggering toward us with its wailing burden. The trees above us turned their leaves and huddled. And I confess, I took a quickened breath; a sudden urge beat through me, to reach out, clasp her hand, and run. Not because of the storm. Because if the trail in front of us was going to unravel, and the earth underneath us about to crumble, then all I wanted was to feel our fingers intertwined as we fled, to know the feel of fact beneath our feet.

Body weight loss after birth increases stress in the newborns

BackgroundBody weight loss is physiological when is lower than 8–10% in the first days of life. Low birth body weight is correlated to up regulation of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis function. The aim was to test the hypothesis that weight loss from 24 to 48 h of life is associated with high levels of salivary cortisol in healthy term newborns. Methodsa prospective clinical study was performed enrolling healthy term newborns who started the rooming- in the delivery room to improve skin to skin and breastfeeding. Salivary cortisol levels were measured at 24 and 48 h of life, using Salimetrics Salivary Cortisol Enzyme Immunoassay Kit. Weight loss/gain was recorded every 24 h starting from birth. ResultsA significant positive correlation was found between salivary cortisol levels and body weight loss at 48 h of life (n = 57, r = 0,393; p = 0,006). At 48 h of life, salivary cortisol levels were significantly higher in newborns that lost body weight 1,7 times more than body weight loss at 24 h of life compared to newborns who maintained a more stable body weight between 24 and 48 h of life ConclusionsThe swift body weight loss from 24 to 48 h of life increases salivary cortisol levels in term newborns. Data suggest the need to protect exclusive breast fed newborns with human milk donor in term newborns, in case of temporary breast milk lack, to reduce cortisol exposure early in life.

“Knowledge-Based Organization” - Solution in the Management of Organizations in Crisis Situations?

Abstract Crisis periods affect all areas of organizational management: material resources management, financial management, strategic management, etc. In this context, knowledge’s process and knowledge can play an essential role in the survival of companies in the context in reality is unclear and changing, and the prospects can be bleak or difficult to calculate. Intangible elements make the difference, like as the ability to use efficiently what the organization knows to deal with unforeseen events much more often in these times of crisis: changing supply rates, declining employee morale, temporary lack of liquidity, etc.

Visual-Inertial RGB-D SLAM With Encoders for a Differential Wheeled Robot

Recent years have seen multiple impressive results in visual-inertial odometry (VIO) techniques, by which accurate state estimation can be achieved via the extended Kalman filter (EKF) or nonlinear optimization. However, these approaches are rarely open source, and they tend to fail in real experiments due to the temporary lack of feature points and fast motion. Therefore, in this study, we used encoders to overcome the temporary failure of purely vision-based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). Here, we propose a generative measurement model for encoders and derive an expression for the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate and necessary Jacobians for optimization. We use our theory to present a novel tightly coupled visual-inertial encoder RGB-Depth (RGB-D) SLAM system. Tests on our system on an in-house dataset confirmed that our modeling effort led to accurate (with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of approximately 2–7 cm) and robust state estimation in real time. The source code and our dataset containing the encoder information have been published for verification.

Support for Informal Carers: Has the New Benefit Improved Their Ability to Care?

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the subjective impact of provided care on the quality of life of informal carers, to assess the institution of long-term carer's allowances from the viewpoint of informal carers, and to identify additional social policy tools that could, in carers' opinion, improve the provision of care. Our research shows that provision of care leads to a reduced quality of life for a significant number of respondents. It is confirmed that respondents' welfare is negatively influenced by a lack of funding and weak development of social services. It is not proven that the long-term carer's allowance is a comprehensible benefit increasing the carers' quality of life providing enough motivation to care. This sickness insurance benefit is intended primarily for a temporary lack of self-sufficiency, with the prospect of future improvement. Long-term or permanent lack of self-sufficiency and the related care must be secured by social support and assistance mechanisms, including respite care, and ought to be funded outside the framework of sickness insurance.

Loading capacity of PEEK blends in terms of wear rate and temperature

With the aim to apply thermoplastics as sliding bearing pads against stainless steel runner under heavy loads suffering temporary lack of lubricants, the tribological performance of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) was examined using a pin-on-disk tribometer with a thermocouple embedded in a stainless-steel pin under a dry friction condition. With an increase in specific pressure (from 0.7 to 2.8 MPa) and sliding velocity (from 0.26 to 0.65 m/s), the friction coefficient of the pure matrix increased from 0.06 to 0.60 with measured interface nominal temperature rising from 42 °C to 161 °C, while the PEEK reinforced with carbon fiber (CF)/graphite/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) exhibited a lower friction coefficient between 0.06 and 0.35 and a lower temperature ranging from 29 °C to 53 °C. The interface temperatures play a key role dominating the wear behaviors of PEEK blends. The specific wear rates of PEEK blends increase exponentially when the ambient temperature exceeds 150 °C. It is essential for PEEK blends to keep the interface temperature below the glass transition temperature to achieve remarkable tribological behavior. It is suggested that the CFs provide high thermal conductivity and resistance at the contact deformation in addition to the solid lubrication provided by the graphite/PTFE at the interface.

Developing a statistical model for the active ventilation of a grain layer with high moisture content

The most important stage in the technological operations for grain production is its post-harvest processing. At this stage, the quality of the grain masses is lost because the temperature condition inside bulk grain is almost never checked during temporary storage. In order to increase the technological efficiency of primary grain processing and storage, an installation has been designed that could preserve the quality of grain at low-capacity enterprises or during temporary storage. As the self-heating of grain during storage is a serious issue, the installation would also help solve the problem related to the temporary lack of storage facilities. Thus, using active grain ventilation makes it possible to improve the resistance of grain masses to storage. The available body of research into energy-saving drying processes, active ventilation, and purification of grain from light impurities mainly resolve highly specialized technological tasks. Of interest are those studies that aim to design and implement the rational equipment structure for the active ventilation and cleaning of grain from light impurities, which make it possible to practically execute non-stationary modes. This paper considers the efficiency of active ventilation and the reduction of energy costs depending on the installation's structural parameters; specifically, the height of the chamber and the speed of supply of warm air are selected. The height of the working chamber of 1 m and the air velocity of 1.1–1.4 m/s have been experimentally proven and theoretically substantiated.

Evaluation of the importance of ionic and osmotic components of salt stress on the photosynthetic efficiency of epiphytic lichens

Salt stress can significantly disrupt the functioning of lichens which are self-sufficient symbiotic organisms inhabiting various severe environments. The aim was to test the effect of salt and sucrose on the photosynthetic efficiency of two selected epiphytic lichens inhabiting the interior of the land. Firstly, we compared the effect of salt and sucrose solutions of different concentrations. Secondly, the effect of salt and sucrose solutions with identical osmotic pressures was compared. The results showed that short-term salt stress leads to a significant reduction of FV/FM, greater changes in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and OJIP transients compared to the osmotic effects induced by sucrose. This proved that the negative impact of salt stress is associated primarily with ionic effects. The most symptomatic effect of the ionic stress was a significant reduction of the utilisation of trapped energy in electron transport and thereby down-regulation of electron transfer. Since lichens are resistant to a temporary lack of water, ionic stress could have more serious consequences than osmotic stress itself. Hypogymnia physodes was more sensitive to salt stress than Pseudevernia furfuracea, but the reduction of photosynthetic efficiency was not permanent since after 24 h FV/FM returned to the level characteristic for healthy lichens. Nevertheless, repeated exposure to salt may reduce the vitality of lichens growing along communication routes sprinkled with salt in the winter season. Finally, the changes in certain JIP-test parameters were stronger than FV/FM, thus they could be better indicators of salt stress in lichens.

Factors associated with inadequate treatment of syphilis during pregnancy: an integrative review.

to analyze the evidence available in literature on factors associated with inadequate treatment of syphilis in pregnant women. an integrative review, carried out in the LILACS, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and EMBASE databases, with controlled descriptors therapeutic and prenatal syphilis. nine publications composed the interpretative analysis, in which low education, income and maternal age, temporary lack of medication and HIV infection were associated with inadequate treatment of syphilis during pregnancy, in addition to delay or absence of prenatal care and receiving the 1st dose of penicillin, lack of tests or treatment less than 30 days before childbirth, and partners' low compliance with treatment. among the main factors associated with inadequate treatment, clinical and sociodemographic aspects stand out, as well as failures in drug dispensing, prescription and monitoring of treatment of pregnant women and their partners by the health system.

Modeling of Electrified Transportation Systems Featuring Multiple Vehicles and Complex Power Supply Layout

The paper proposes a novel approach to modeling electrified transportation systems. The proposed solution reflects the mechanical dynamics of vehicles as well as the distribution and losses of electric supply. Moreover, energy conversion losses between the mechanical and electrical subsystems and their bilateral influences are included. Such a complete model makes it possible to replicate, e.g., the impact of voltage drops on vehicle acceleration or the necessity of partial disposal of regenerative braking energy due to temporary lack of power transmission capability. The modeling methodology uses a flexible twin data-bus structure, which poses no limitation on the number of vehicles and enables modeling complex traction power supply structures. The proposed solution is suitable for various electrified transportation systems including suburban and urban systems. The modeling methodology is applicable i.a. to Matlab/Simulink, which makes it broadly available and customizable, and provides short computation time. The applicability and accuracy of the method were verified by comparing simulation and measurement results on an exemplary trolleybus system operating in Pilsen, Czech Republic. Simulation of daily operation of an area including four supply sections and maximal simultaneous number of nine vehicles showed a good conformance with the measured data, with the difference in the total consumed energy not exceeding 5%.