Temporal Boundary Research Articles

Late Pleistocene lakeshore settlement in northern Arabia: Middle Palaeolithic technology from Jebel Katefeh, Jubbah

Recent archaeological discoveries indicate that the Arabian Peninsula played an important role in Late Pleistocene hominin dispersals. The presence of Middle Palaeolithic archaeological sites in the Nefud Desert of northern Saudi Arabia demonstrates that hominins moved far inland, probably following networks of ancient lakes and rivers deep into the Arabian interior. These Middle Palaeolithic sites, located close to the spatial and temporal boundary between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens, are critical for our understanding of Late Pleistocene demographic processes and hominin behaviour. Here we present the first detailed analysis of a Middle Palaeolithic lithic assemblage from the north Arabian desert interior. The Late Pleistocene site of Jebel Katefeh-1 (JKF-1) is located beside a palaeolake at Jubbah in the Nefud Desert. The assemblage appears to reflect a relatively short-lived occupation. Reduction produced Levallois flakes of diverse morphologies as well as more expedient small flakes. Our results emphasise that factors such as differential reduction intensity and raw material characteristics need to be considered along with putatively cultural interpretations of Middle Palaeolithic variability. Consideration of assemblage affinities indicates similarities with both the African and Levantine Middle Palaeolithic, perhaps reflecting the location of Jubbah at a crossroads of the highlands of western Arabia, the Levant and the Euphrates/Tigris river system. JKF-1 demonstrates both the potential and the complexity of the Arabian Middle Palaeolithic record in debates on hominin dispersal and adaptation.

A Reflection on the Research Method and Exemplary Application to the College and University Rankings

It was a precious opportunity as a teacher and researcher that I had completed two research method classes with the peers of Laureate Education Inc. Since the generation of creative knowledge and meaningful contribution to the field is charged on the professional researcher, the classes are foundational, but unfortunately with less an attention by the scholars, and, if more problematically, even lack of courses for some graduate or training programs. Within this paper, I can be gladly reminiscent of the course learning, and can present a work of demonstration by employing the issues of global college rankings. In this article, my purpose is gone with three basic aims; (i) present the brief summary of my experience on the two method classes (ii) suggest a new perspective and mindset within the changing technology and post-modern transformation of society (iii) finally show two examples of mixed method involved with the global college rankings and provide a view for the students situated within the temporal boundary I had set forth.

The no-boundary proposal via the five-dimensional Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker model

Hawking's proposal that the Universe has no temporal boundary and hence no beginning depends on the notion of imaginary time and is usually referred to as the no-boundary proposal. This paper discusses a simple alternative approach by means of the five-dimensional Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker model.

Investigating undesired spatial and temporal boundary effects of congestion charging

Two types of reported problems are related to the existing congestion charging projects that levy traffic only in a certain area within one or a few time periods during the day. One is that travellers depart earlier or later than a charging period to avoid paying full or part of the congestion charging tolls, which creates two undesired demand peaks that are often greater than available capacity. One peak comes just before the start of congestion charging and the other follows the end of it. We term this phenomenon ‘temporal boundary effect’ of congestion charging. The other reported problem is that travellers would rather stay away from a charging zone than pay congestion charging tolls, which causes undesired congestion on those roads or paths on the edge of the charging zone. We call this phenomenon ‘spatial boundary effect’ generated by congestion charging. This research investigates these boundary effects in the context of simultaneous route and departure time choice dynamic user equilibrium (SRD-DUE) network flows with an aim to gain new insights into congestion charging design. Numerical experiments investigating constant and time-varying congestion charging toll profiles are presented in this paper. This investigation shows that congestion charging may not be able to eliminate hypercongestion efficiently if schemes are not well designed, and can unfortunately give rise to undesired boundary effects and that a simply designed congestion charging scheme with small level toll or time-varying toll profiles can reduce the magnitude of boundary effects but may not be able to fully eliminate such undesired effects.

Influences of topographic index distribution on hydrologically sensitive areas in agricultural watershed

A hydrologically sensitive area (HSA) is an area with a very quick response to runoff and higher surface runoff probability since all watersheds are prone to generate runoff in one way or the other. The accurate description of runoff generation in time and space has important practical significance for land use and watershed management. The aim of this article was to establish HSAs identification method based on topographic index, and to estimate the spatio-temporal variability of surface runoff probability in different periods. The sensitive month was defined using critical monthly surface runoff probability combined with topographic index. Then the corresponding spatial and temporal boundary of HSA was estimated by the relation of average annual runoff and topographic index. The presented approach was applied in Meishan watershed, which is humid in the summer and has a monsoon climate. The analysis results indicated the probably sensitive months are from February to October with spatial topographic index distribution ranging from 13.02 to 17.13. April–October was estimated as seasonal HSAs with topographic index ranging from 9.21 to 14.05. In addition, the inter-annual variability of seasonal HSAs is much greater and the critical topographic index is 9.21 in July.

Landfill mining in Austria: foundations for an integrated ecological and economic assessment.

For the first time, basic technical and economic studies for landfill mining are being carried out in Austria on the basis of a pilot project. An important goal of these studies is the collection of elementary data as the basis for an integrated ecological and economic assessment of landfill mining projects with regard to their feasibility. For this purpose, economic, ecological, technical, organizational, as well as political and legal influencing factors are identified and extensively studied in the article. An important aspect is the mutual influence of the factors on each other, as this can significantly affect the development of an integrated assessment system. In addition to the influencing factors, the definition of the spatial and temporal system boundaries is crucial for further investigations. Among others, the quality and quantity of recovered waste materials, temporal fluctuations or developments in prices of secondary raw material and fuels attainable in the markets, and time and duration of dumping, play a crucial role. Based on the investigations, the spatial system boundary is defined in as much as all the necessary process steps, from landfill mining, preparing and sorting to providing a marketable material/product by the landfill operator, are taken into account. No general accepted definition can be made for the temporal system boundary because the different time-related influencing factors necessitate an individual project-specific determination and adaptation to the facts of the on-site landfill mining project.

A Novel Boundary Matching Algorithm for Video Temporal Error Concealment

With the fast growth of communication networks, the video data transmission from these networks is extremely vulnerable. Error concealment is a technique to estimate the damaged data by employing the correctly received data at the decoder. In this paper, an efficient boundary matching algorithm for estimating damaged motion vectors (MVs) is proposed. The proposed algorithm performs error concealment for each damaged macro block (MB) according to the list of identified priority of each frame. It then uses a classic boundary matching criterion or the proposed boundary matching criterion adaptively to identify matching distortion in each boundary of candidate MB. Finally, the candidate MV with minimum distortion is selected as an MV of damaged MB and the list of priorities is updated. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm improves both objective and subjective qualities of reconstructed frames without any significant increase in computational cost. The PSNR for test sequences in some frames is increased about 4.7, 4.5, and 4.4 dB compared to the classic boundary matching, directional boundary matching, and directional temporal boundary matching algorithm, respectively.

Topology near the transition temperature in lattice gluodynamics analyzed by low lying modes of the overlap Dirac operator

Topological objects of $SU(3)$ gluodynamics are studied at the infrared scale near the transition temperature with the help of zero and near-zero modes of the overlap Dirac operator. We construct UV filtered topological charge densities corresponding to three versions of the temporal boundary condition applied to this operator, for which the zero mode is known to be located on corresponding three constituent dyons (antidyons) in the reference case of an analytical (anti)caloron solution. The clustering of the three topological charge densities marks the positions of three types of dyons and antidyons which can therefore be considered as present in equilibrium (Monte Carlo) gluonic fields at the given resolution scale. We classify them either as constituents of nondissociated (anti)calorons or as constituents of (anti)dyon pairs or as isolated (anti)dyons. The pattern of the Polyakov loop describing the centers and the interior of these clusters is observed after a limited number of overimproved cooling steps and resembles the description known from analytical caloron solutions.

Islanders: The Pacific in the Age of Empire by Nicholas Thomas (review)

NAIS 1:1 SPRING 2014 Reviews 131 COLL THRUSH Islanders: The Pacific in the Age of Empire by Nicholas Thomas Yale University Press, 2010 BEST KNOWN FOR HIS BOOK Entangled Objects (1991), Nicholas Thomas begins the award-winning Islanders with one of those moments of colonial entanglement that continue to fascinate scholars and confound expectations. Rather than opening this excellent history of the long nineteenth century in the South Pacific with the arrival of a European on some beach, Thomas opens with a scene involving Kualelo, a Kanaka Maoli teenager, aboard a small boat in the Thames, taking in London’s late Georgian skyline. From this starting point, Thomas offers us a compelling, detailed history of Indigenous encounters with European presences that will be of interest to scholars of Indigenous studies. The book is divided into two parts, covering respectively the first and second halves of the nineteenth century. The rough boundary between these periods has to do with differing levels of political and physical presence of Europeans in the Pacific, including the increasing trend toward labor extraction and formal annexation in the 1860s and afterward. While necessarily overly simplistic, as Thomas admits, this structure does help make some sense out of a bewilderingly complex region involving incredibly diverse Indigenous polities, vast distances, and several colonial powers. At the same time, there are commonalities that stretch across this temporal boundary: the presence, often halting, of Christian missionaries; the canny responses of Indigenous elites to European goods, ideas, and political networks; and the ease with which events could slip into all-out war. Ultimately, this is a book of stories: of the fine-grained, on-the-ground lived experiences of nascent and not-so-nascent colonialism or, as Thomas writes, “what empire really was, not so much at the level of colour on the map, or the policy and diplomacy of the metropolitan powers, but in bibles and blood on the beaches of the islands, and in the imaginations that these novel artefacts and intrusions engendered” (25). Some of the stories contained in Islanders will be familiar to many readers with some knowledge of the Pacific’s history: the diversity and legacy of Captain James Cook’s voyages through the region; the social and environmental collapse of Rapa Nui (Easter Island); the complex machinations of the Pōmare dynasty of Tahiti; and the killing of missionary John Williams on Erromanga that fueled missionary fears and fantasies of martyrdom. Thomas also spends several chapters Reviews NAIS 1:1 SPRING 2014 132 detailing the rise of capitalist labor extraction in the Pacific, in which Indigenous men were “recruited”—often through lies, coercion, or outright violence —into networks of plantation servitude that stretched from Australia to South America. Others will be far less familiar except to specialists. They include Keatonui , an adroit Marquesan leader who navigated early encounters with missionaries and other foreigners in the first decades of the nineteenth century, and Veidovi, a Fijian headman taken as a captive as part of the United States Exploring Expedition in the 1830s. He also offers detailed insight to one of the bloodiest wars of the nineteenth-century Pacific, which rocked the interior of Fiji’s Viti Levu in the late nineteenth century. And wherever possible in these stories, Thomas includes contemporary Indigenous sources in his discussion of events. Of particular interest are the Kanak chronicles of an outbreak of violence in 1870s New Caledonia, carved in great detail into sections of ­bamboo. Islanders is at times short on interpretive framing or theoretical heft; it is possible to get lost in the details. And despite its title, the book focuses primarily on only select regions of the Pacific, something Thomas acknowledges . Tonga, Fiji, Tahiti, Sāmoa, and parts of Melanesia receive most of the attention, while places like Aotearoa/New Zealand, Guam, and Hawai‘i receive short shrift. And, like most “Pacific” studies, the topic at hand is in fact merely the southwestern Pacific. Despite increasing oceanic entanglements during the nineteenth century, eastern and northern Pacific regions appear rarely if at all. (The one exception in Islanders is Peru, the destination of many Pacific laborers.) These small criticisms aside, Thomas’s book is of critical value...

Reflection and transmission of electromagnetic waves at a temporal boundary

We consider propagation of an electromagnetic (EM) wave through a dynamic optical medium whose refractive index varies with time. Specifically, we focus on the reflection and transmission of EM waves from a temporal boundary and clarify the two different physical processes that contribute to them. One process is related to impedance mismatch, while the other results from temporal scaling related to a sudden change in the speed of light at the temporal boundary. Our results show that temporal scaling of the electric field must be considered for light propagation in dynamic media. Numerical solutions of Maxwell's equations are in full agreement with our theory.

Re-Imagining Text - Re-Imagining Hermeneutics

With the advent of the digital age and new mediums of communication, it is becoming increasingly important for those interested in the interpretation of religious text to look beyond traditional ideas of text and textuality to find the sacred in unlikely places. Philosophical and theological hermeneutics have been invigorated by a de-regionalization of the interpretation of texts that corresponds with this journal’s mandate to “cross traditional boundaries, bringing different disciplinary tools to the process of analysis and opening up a sustained dialogue between and among scholars and others who are interested in religion, textuality, media, and mediation and the contemporary world.” Paul Ricoeur’s phenomenological reorientation of classical hermeneutics from romanticized notions of authorial intent and psychological divinations to a serious engagement with the “science of the text” is a hermeneutical tool that opens up an important dialogue between the interpreter, the world of the text, and the contemporary world in front of the text. This article examines three significant insights that Paul Ricoeur contributes to our expanding understanding of text. First under scrutiny will be Ricoeur’s de-regionalization of classic hermeneutics culminating in his understanding of Dasein (Being) as “being-in-the-world,” allowing meaning to transcend the physical boundaries of the text. Next, Ricoeur’s threefold under-standing of traditionality/Traditions/tradition as the “chain of interpretations” through which religious language transcends the temporal boundary of historicity will be explored. The final section will focus on Ricoeur’s understanding of the productive imagination and metaphoric truth as the under-appreciated yet key insight around which Ricoeur’s philosophical investigation into the metaphoric transfer from text to life revolves.

PREDLOŽKY DO, OD A Z V SLOVENČINE A ICH EKVIVALENTY V SRBČINE

V práci sme výskum zamerali na primárne predložky od, do a z v slovenčine a ich ekvi-valenty v srbčine. Spomínané predložky patria do skupiny primárnych predložiek a v oboch skúmaných jazykoch sa viažu s genitívom. Predložky od a do sú v oboch jazykoch formálne a zvukovo úplne zhodné. Slovenská predložka do je kontaktová a vyjadruje uskutočňovanie kontaktu deja s vnútrom objektu. Srbská predložka do je pozičná. Spoločný význam v oboch jazykoch je význam časovej, miestnej a číselnej hranice. Predložkou do sa v oboch jazykoch vyjadruje časová, miestna a číselná hranica, smerovanie dovnútra, spôsob, miera, účel, cieľ, prostriedok. Predložka od v oboch jazykoch patrí k pozičným predložkám, vyjadruje rušenie pozície deja vzhľadom na blízkosť objektu. Vyjadruje priestorové alebo časové vychodisko, príčinu, dôvod, pôvod, spôsob, zreteľ, účel, cieľ. Predložka z sa zaraďujeme ku kontaktovým predložkám, lebo vyjadruje rušenie kontaktu deja s vnútrom alebo s povrchom objektu. Pred-ložka z v spojení s menom v genitíve vyjadruje miestne vzťahy, čas, pôvod, materiál, príčinu, dôvod, spôsob, mieru, prostriedok, zreteľ. V práci sme uviedli aj javy interferencie, keď pod vplyvom srbčiny sa používajú v spisovnej slovenčine nenáležité predložkové konštrukcie.

Variations in surface water-ground water interactions along a headwater mountain stream: Comparisons between transient storage and water balance analyses

[1] The accumulation of discharge along a stream valley is frequently assumed to be the primary control on solute transport processes. Relationships of both increasing and decreasing transient storage, and decreased gross losses of stream water have been reported with increasing discharge; however, we have yet to validate these relationships with extensive field study. We conducted transient storage and mass recovery analyses of artificial tracer studies completed for 28 contiguous 100 m reaches along a stream valley, repeated under four base-flow conditions. We calculated net and gross gains and losses, temporal moments of tracer breakthrough curves, and best fit transient storage model parameters (with uncertainty estimates) for 106 individual tracer injections. Results supported predictions that gross loss of channel water would decrease with increased discharge. However, results showed no clear relationship between discharge and transient storage, and further analysis of solute tracer methods demonstrated that the lack of this relation may be explained by uncertainty and equifinality in the transient storage model framework. Furthermore, comparison of water balance and transient storage approaches reveals complications in clear interpretation of either method due to changes in advective transport time, which sets a the temporal boundary separating transient storage and channel water balance. We have little ability to parse this limitation of solute tracer methods from the physical processes we seek to study. We suggest the combined analysis of both transient storage and channel water balance more completely characterizes transport of solutes in stream networks than can be inferred from either method alone.

DeLillo, Aesthetics, The Cold Iraq War

As one of the most important American writers of the late-twentieth century – alongside Toni Morrison and Thomas Pynchon in particular – Don DeLillo is a notable target of academic study. DeLillo, though, merits continuing attention in the twenty-first century because, although many authors have straddled this temporal boundary, the formal nature of his work changes abruptly in the new century while also taking on the politicised issues of representing Iraq and the “War on Terror” that have become a focal point for several other authors, as observed recently in Alluvium.

Renée R. Trilling, The Aesthetics of Nostalgia: Historical Representation in Old English VerseThe Aesthetics of Nostalgia: Historical Representation in Old English Verse. Renée R. Trilling. Toronto and Buffalo, NY: University of Toronto Press, 2009. Pp. ix+296.

<i>Renée R. Trilling</i>, The Aesthetics of Nostalgia: Historical Representation in Old English Verse<i>The Aesthetics of Nostalgia: Historical Representation in Old English Verse</i>. Renée R. Trilling. Toronto and Buffalo, NY: University of Toronto Press, 2009. Pp. ix+296.

Temporal boundary value problems in interfacial fluid dynamics

We study problems in interfacial fluid dynamics which do not have well-posed initial value problems. We prove existence of solutions for these problems by considering instead boundary value problems, where boundary data is specified at two different times. We develop a general framework, for problems on the real line and for problems which are spatially periodic. A variety of boundary conditions are considered, including Dirichlet, Neumann and mixed conditions. The framework is applied to two specific problems from interfacial fluid dynamics: a family of generalizations of the Boussinesq equations developed by Bona, Chen and Saut, and the vortex sheet.

Access denied: employee control of personal communications at work

Many employees experience a strained relationship between their paid work and personal lives. Information and communication technologies present new opportunities for reshaping this relationship. In particular, they challenge the spatial and temporal boundary that typically separates the realms. This article focuses on the way that employees use information and communication technologies to attend to personal life matters during the workday. It examines whether employees take advantage of the technical features of the devices and applications to erode the spatial and temporal boundary or, alternatively, whether they engage in practices that otherwise reconfigure the relationship, such as controlling the flow of communication passing between work and personal life. The article argues that the latter is the case. It demonstrates that employees engage in multi-faceted strategies to restrict boundary permeability. This results in individually nuanced interfaces whereby people from workers’ personal lives have varying levels of access to that worker.

“When i've packed it in and they send me something …”: Information boundaries in professional home offices

AbstractHome offices are fused living and working spaces that lie at the intersection of the personal and the professional, blurring traditional divisions between these two domains. This poster reapproaches findings from a previous Masters thesis (Thomson, 2010)—which investigated information management in professional home offices—with an aim to highlight ways in which home office users negotiate and maintain ‘information boundaries’ in their hybrid, often unbounded, environments. Data was ethnographically gathered from four professional home offices via tours, interviews, and observation. Analysis suggests that professional home office users are far from passive subjects in their spaces, continuously answerable to all imaginable demands, needs, and whims arising in both their domestic and vocational lives. Rather, they constantly make decisions about the permeability of their spaces and often actively (even if not consciously) preside over ‘information boundaries,’ choosing where (with a physical boundary), when (with a temporal boundary), and why (with a psychological boundary) to integrate or separate the personal and the professional. This poster contributes an in‐depth portrait of how four individuals deliberately design their unique environments and, in so doing, influence what information interactions they do and do not have.

Non-destructive Analyses of 16th Century Printed Book "Osorio" with the Colorful Fore-edge Miniatures

In our study we are trying to illuminate the palette used by the artist who decorated the fore-edge of the Middle Age printed book description of the military campaign of the Spanish king Emanuel Hier- onymus Osorio and try to give a temporal boundary on the moment of their creation. Our experiments show that a pigment palette is a common one for the period between 16th and 19th century. Several pig- ments were identified, like vermilion and minium, white lead and massicot. Further, we identified the ink used for the book cover inscriptions. Three complementary, non-invasive spectroscopic techniques were used: micro-Raman spectroscopy, PIXE spectroscopy and UV-VIS FORS spectroscopy. The challenges which occurred during the study are presented, such as the positioning of the book underneath the micro- scope or even the fiber optic probe holder, the roughness of the fore-edge surface and the thinness of the color layers.(doi: 10.5562/cca2040)

“Vikinger”, vikingetid og vikingeromantik

“Vikinger”, vikingetid og vikingeromantik