Fast Pyrolysis Technology Research Articles

Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Tar-Rich Coal with a Bauxite Residue for Upgrading High-Value Products: Product Distribution and Kinetic Analysis.

Fast pyrolysis technology can reduce the secondary reactions, improve the volatile product yield, and reduce the semicoke yield. Still, the high proportion of heavy tar components affects the development of fast pyrolysis industrialization. Therefore, this paper put forward a catalytic upgrading method of coal based on the solid waste bauxite residue (BR) as a catalyst. This study investigated the impact of varying particle sizes of pulverized coal and the addition of the BR catalyst on the product distribution and kinetics of coal fast pyrolysis. The results found that the tar yield was the highest at 600 °C when the particle size of pulverized coal was 75-150 μm, which was 19.44%. In the range of 550-650 °C, the relative content of benzene and toluene xylene (BTX) in liquid products increased with the temperature. With the increase of the proportion of the BR catalyst, the yield of semicoke in coal pyrolysis products increased, the yield of the gas phase also increased, and the yield of the liquid phase decreased.

Layer formation on quartz bed particles during fast pyrolysis of grass

Commercial fast pyrolysis technologies use bed materials, normally natural sand mainly consisting of quartz, acting as circulating heat carrier materials. Nowadays, the commercial conversion of biomass into fast pyrolysis bio-oil (FPBO) is still using ash-lean woody residues as a feedstock since the application of more abundant and possibly cheaper ash-rich agricultural biomass is currently at a significantly lower technology readiness level (TRL). To promote FPBO production from ash-rich biomass, the ash-related issues during the operation process need to be further studied. In the present investigation, the characteristics and formation process of layers formed on quartz bed particles, collected from a bench-scale fast pyrolysis unit based on the rotating cone technology, were studied. Two grass residues, representative of typical Si-K-rich agricultural biomass fuels, were used as feedstocks. Quartz bed particles at different sampling times from startup with fresh bed particles were collected. Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) was employed to characterize the layer properties. Bed particle layers exhibited an uneven and discontinuous distribution on the quartz surface. This distribution over bed particles, as well as layer thickness, increased with the operational time. The dominating elements contained in layers were Si, K, Ca, and Cl (excluding O), which resembled that of individual bed ash particles found in the bed samples. In addition, the interpretation of the results was supported by thermodynamic equilibrium calculations. The findings suggest that the process of layer formation was governed by the direct adhesion of non-melted bed ash particles during the fast pyrolysis of grass.

Comparative analysis and benchmarking of commercial and emerging fast pyrolysis technologies

It is well established that producing sustainable fuels and replacing the fossil-based ones is one of the key solutions to achieving net-zero emissions goals. One of the most advanced commercial-scale pathways to biofuels available today is fast pyrolysis. However, due to the need for a supportive regulatory environment and mitigation strategies for uncertainties related to costs and feedstock quality, fast pyrolysis is not yet being widely implemented. In this case study, three fast pyrolysis technologies with a technology readiness level (TRL) of 6 and above have been compared to distinguish between them and identify the conditions under which they are economically viable. The circulating fluidized bed (CFB), rotating cone (RC), and mechanically assisted fluidized bed (MFB) fast pyrolysis technologies were considered. First, the flow diagram and a mass and energy balance comparison were addressed. It was revealed that the RC configuration has better bio-oil yields because it can handle smaller particles. The MFB configuration has a progressive condensation unit at the end of the process, which produces a nearly dry oil having a higher energy content. Four implementation scenarios were studied. The first was the fast pyrolysis standalone process, where all options had marginal economic attractiveness, and the RC configuration economically outperformed the other two. Integration of a fast pyrolysis plant into a sawmill in the second scenario was found to bring significant improvements in revenues and internal rate of return (IRR). Realization of the full value of bio-oil (the third scenario) brought significantly more revenues for the MFB. Finally, the fourth scenario involved adding a progressive condensation unit, which increased the capital expenditure (CAPEX) by 3%–4% while increasing revenues by 32%–35%. A sensitivity analysis highlighted the importance of financial support towards capital cost and the full valuation of bio-oil for the economic viability of fast pyrolysis processes. Progressive condensation leading to more added-value bio-oil makes the standalone fast pyrolysis process more profitable.

Hydrocarbon-rich bio-oil production from the coupling formaldehyde-pretreatment and catalytic pyrolysis of poplar sawdust

The efficient preparation of hydrocarbon-rich bio-oil is a promising method for biomass utilization. However, the complicated bio-oil composition and low hydrocarbon yield reduced the utilization efficiency of biomass. To solve this problem, a novel technology of coupling formaldehyde-pretreatment (FA) and catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) was proposed and tested on poplar sawdust. This coupling technology (FACFP) was featured by introducing catalyst in the pretreatment process, which not only promoted the dissolution of lignin but also enhanced the conversion of lignin-deficient biomass residues into hydrocarbons. Effects of other pretreatment parameters (e.g., solvents, temperature, processing time) on bio-oil production were studied in detail. Compared to water, the utilization of FA as pretreatment solvent was advantageous in lignin removing and improving the accessibility of cellulose to catalyst during pyrolysis. The FACFP of poplar sawdust conducted at a moderate FA-pretreatment temperature (180 °C) and processing time (3 h) was superior in producing hydrocarbon-rich bio-oils, which led to a 1.7-fold hydrocarbon selectivity and a 1.3-fold bio-oil yield as compared to the two-staged FA + CFP mode. Finally, a reaction mechanism for the coupling FACFP of biomass was proposed by highlighting the crucial role of HZSM-5 and FA solvent.

A Superstructure Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming Optimization for the Optimal Processing Pathway Selection of Sludge-to-Energy Technologies

The perception of sewage sludge has increasingly changed from being a waste, which is a burden to the environment and society, to a useful resource of materials and renewable energy. There are several available technologies at different stages of maturity that aim to convert sludge to energy in the form of electricity and/or fuels. In this paper, a decision-making support tool is proposed to help in choosing the optimal pathway for the sludge-to-energy conversion from a techno-economic perspective. The conversion technologies under study are: (1) anaerobic digestion, (2) pyrolysis, (3) gasification, (4) incineration, (5) supercritical water oxidation, (6) supercritical water gasification, as well as the corresponding dewatering and drying methods for each technology. Different synergies between the available technologies are compared by the formulation of a superstructure optimization problem expressed in a mixed-integer non-linear program (MINLP) model. The applicability of the proposed model is explored via a case study for a hypothetical sludge treatment plant with a capacity of 100 tons of dry solids (tDS) per day. The model is solved via the BARON solver using GAMS software within a reasonable processing time. According to the obtained results, the fast pyrolysis technology, coupled with filter press dewatering and thermal drying as pre-treatment steps, show the most promising outcomes with the minimum treatment cost of USD 180/tDS. Fast pyrolysis converts the sludge to bio-oil, which can be used as an alternative fuel after further refining, and biochar, which can be used for soil amendment or adsorption purposes. The model parameters are subject to uncertainty that is addressed in the sensitivity analysis section of this paper. Moreover, the pyrolysis pathway shows a high degree of robustness in most of the sensitivity analysis scenarios. Meanwhile, anaerobic digestion coupled with fast pyrolysis demonstrates the best energy recovery performance upon increasing electricity prices.

Thermo-Catalytic Reforming (TCR)–An important link between waste management and renewable fuels as part of the energy transition

The significant progress in energy demands and limited fossil fuel sources, together with environmental concerns, have enforced the study of green, renewable, and sustainable energy sources. Biomass and its residues can be converted into valued fuels and chemicals through advanced thermal conversion technologies. Pyrolysis has been used for a long time for charcoal formation, while intermediate and fast pyrolysis technologies have become of considerable interest in recent years. This substantial interest is because these processes provide different bio-products (synthesis gas, bio-oil and biochar), which can be used directly in numerous applications or as a sustainable energy carrier. This paper investigates an overview of the fundamentals of Thermo-Catalytic Reforming (TCR) technology which is a novel intermediate pyrolysis process combined with a post catalytic reforming unit. This study also identifies the TCR process's features and advantages compared to other pyrolysis technologies, followed by a technical scale unit and the transfer of intermediates in final products. Finally, the treatment of effluents, heat management and implementation of such technologies are discussed. This paper shows how a continuous pyrolysis/reforming plant has been developed and established based on targeted reactor design and in conjunction with preventing major effluent streams, which could have a major impact on the technology's commercial success. Along with two major European projects (To-Syn-Fuel and GreenFlexJET), the TCR technology shall help to overcome the dependency on fossil crude oil and fuels.

Optimal production of waste tire pyrolysis oil and recovery of high value-added D-limonene in a conical spouted bed reactor

Owing to the rapid increase in the global automobile demand, the disposal of waste tires has become a severe problem. Most waste tires are reclaimed and incinerated; exhaust gas and ash from incineration comprise harmful substances and dust. Therefore, in this study, fast pyrolysis technology was investigated to overcome the limitations of traditional methods and stably treat waste tires. Fast pyrolysis experiments were performed in a conical spouted bed reactor (CSBR) to investigate the optimal pyrolysis conditions for waste tires with respect to the reaction parameters: reaction temperature, superficial gas velocity, and feeding rate. The characteristics of waste tire pyrolysis oil (WTPO), which is the main target material for fast pyrolysis, were analyzed through moisture, higher heating value (HHV), and viscosity. The optimal pyrolysis conditions were a reaction temperature of 450 °C, superficial gas velocity of 1.1, and feeding rate of 1 kg/h. Under these conditions, the WTPO yield was 66.9 wt% and energy efficiency was 82.1%. Furthermore, to recover high value-added D-limonene, the WTPO produced under optimal conditions was distilled, and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed to evaluate the product. According to the distillation experiment, the recovery efficiency of D-limonene was highest at 4 h.

A new insight of lignin pyrolysis characteristics based on dehydrogenation polymers (DHPs)

Understanding the pyrolysis mechanism of native lignin is essential for improving the conversion efficiency of fast pyrolysis technology. However, due to the complex and various nature of lignin interunit linkages, the pyrolysis mechanism of lignin has not been clearly revealed so far, especially for native lignin. In this work, two types of guaiacyl-dehydrogenation polymers (G-DHPs) were synthesized using two different methods in vitro, namely endwise polymerization (G-DHPs-endwise) and bulk polymerization (G-DHPs-bulk), which were used as native lignin models. The chemical structures of the synthesized G-DHPs along with natural G-lignin (i.e., milled wood lignin, MWL) were analyzed by using 2D HSQC NMR, and their pyrolysis characteristics were investigated by using a fixed bed reactor. In comparison with G-DHPs-bulk, G-DHPs-endwise had more similar structure and pyrolysis characteristics with that of MWL, which suggested that G-DHPs-endwise was a more suitable model for G-type lignin. Further mechanical study revealed that the pyrolysis of G-DHPs-endwise underwent an end-breaking pathway, by which the branched carbon of the coniferyl alcohol structure ends were cleaved at the early stage to depolymerize into guaiacol. This study can thus enhance the understanding of the thermal depolymerization of native lignin and provide the evidence for revealing pyrolysis mechanism.

Optimizing the Design of a Biomass-to-Biofuel Supply Chain Network Using a Decentralized Processing Approach

When designing biomass-to-biofuel supply chains, the biomass uncertainty, seasonality and geographical dispersion that affect economic viability need to be considered. This work presents a novel methodology that can optimize the design of biofuel supply chains by adopting a decentralized network structure consisting of a mix of fixed and mobile processing facilities. The model considers a variable biomass yield profile and the mobile fast pyrolysis technology. The mixed-integer linear programming model developed identifies the optimal biofuel production and biomass harvesting schedule schemes under the objective of profit maximization. It was applied in the case study of marginal lands in Scotland, which are assumed to be planted with Miscanthus. The trade-offs observed between economies of scale against the transportation costs, the effect of the relocation costs and the contribution of storage capacity were investigated. The results showed that, in most cases, harvesting is most concentrated during the month of the highest biomass yield, provided that storage facilities are available. Storage capacity plays an important role to widen the operational time window of processing facilities since scenarios with restricted or costly storage resulted in facilities of higher capacity operating within a narrower time window, leading to higher investment costs. Relocation costs proved to have a minor share in the total transportation costs.

Anchoring Effect of Organosilanes on Hierarchical ZSM-5 Zeolite for Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Cellulose to Aromatics.

As an essential chemical feedstock, aromatics can be obtained from biomass by catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) technology, in which diffusion limitation is still a problem. In this study, several ZSM-5 zeolites with intercrystal stacking macropores were synthesized by adding organosilanes (OSAs) with different alkyl chain groups. Due to the structure-directing effect of the OSA, the prepared ZSM-5 zeolites possess a larger external surface area and pore volume than Blank-Z5. Moreover, the pore size is related to the extent of anchoring of the OSA and silicon–aluminum species in the zeolite precursor. Pyridine Fourier transform infrared (Py-FTIR) and NH3-temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) analyses show that the obtained ZSM-5 zeolites have a higher Brønsted acidity and total number of acid sites. In addition, excessive addition of OSA is not conducive to the growth of ZSM-5 zeolites. The catalytic performance of the synthesized ZSM-5 zeolites was evaluated by Py-GC/MS. The larger external surface area and pore volume improve the accessibility of the acid sites and thus promote the conversion of biomass into aromatics.

Dual-catalyst catalytic pyrolysis of poplar sawdust: A systematic study on first-layered catalysts

• A systematic study was conducted on the dual-catalyst CFP of poplar sawdust. • Totally 18 catalysts belonging to three types were tested as first-layered catalysts. • Effects of the 18 first-layered catalysts on the bio-oil production were evaluated. • Synergistic effects between the dual-layered catalysts were studied and compared. • Porous materials + ZSM-5 provided the highest bio-oil yield and quality. Dual-catalyst catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) technology is effective in converting biomass waste into hydrocarbon-rich bio-oils. However, systematic studies on dual-catalyst biomass CFP are limited, especially with respect to the best-performed dual catalyst design. In this context, dual-catalyst CFP of poplar sawdust was conducted with 18 in-situ first-layered catalysts, including 6 inorganic salts (NaCl, KCl, MgCl 2 , ZnCl 2 , K 3 PO 4 , and K 2 HPO 4 ), 7 metal oxides (SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , CaO, MgO, ZnO, Fe 2 O 3 , and CuO), and 5 porous materials (SBA-15, MCM-41, Y zeolite, Beta zeolite, and SAPO-34), while the ZSM-5 zeolite was fixed as an ex-situ second-layered catalyst. The effects of the 18 first-layered catalysts on bio-oil production were investigated and compared. Applying the porous materials as the first-layered catalysts increased the bio-oil yields compared to the inorganic salts and metal oxides. In particular, mesoporous SBA-15 combined with ZSM-5 led to the highest bio-oil yield of 19.4 wt% and a satisfactory hydrocarbon selectivity of 30.5 area%. The synergistic effects of the dual-layered catalysts were also studied. The first-layered catalysts cracked the primary biomass volatiles into smaller oxygenates, while the second-layered ZSM-5 deoxidized these molecules to hydrocarbons. In addition, the porous materials exhibited better synergy with ZSM-5 by simultaneously deoxygenating all the oxygenate types. The dual catalysts configured by Beta + ZSM-5 converted the most oxygenates into hydrocarbons, and the hydrocarbon selectivity (41.4 area%) was twice that in the blank experiment ( Thermal/ZSM-5 ). Therefore, combining the porous materials and ZSM-5 delivers a promising catalyst for dual-catalyst biomass CFP.

Effects of Spray-Drying and Freeze-Drying on Bioactive and Volatile Compounds of Smoke Powder Food Flavouring

Transforming liquid smoke to powder form can provide convenience for use and storage. Liquid smoke was prepared by fast pyrolysis technology using a fluidised bed and converted to smoke powder by spray-drying or freeze-drying processes. Both drying processes effectively retained the bioactive compounds in the powder encapsulates with retention efficiencies up to 80%. The bioactive capacities were approximately two times higher than liquid smoke. Spray-drying did not induce thermal damage to the bioactive compounds, and the dominant compounds were retained in the powders. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and principal component analysis indicated that the chemical composition was not significantly changed after both drying methods, but small molecular carbonyls, furans and phenols were partially lost. The spray-dried particles had a spherical shape, while freeze-dried particles had irregular shapes because of different powder preparation methods. The particle size of spray-dried powders was in the range of 6.3 to 6.9 µm, while the value for freeze-dried powders was decreased from 580.4 to 134.7 µm by increasing the maltodextrin concentration. The freeze-dried powders performed better in terms of flowability and cohesiveness because of their relatively high density and large particle size. This study revealed that both encapsulation methods could efficiently prepare smoke powder. Spray-drying process would be suitable for large-scale production, while freeze-drying could be used to optimize the encapsulation efficiency of bioactive compounds.

Design and operation of a mobile fast pyrolysis system utilizing a novel double pipe fluidized bed reactor

A mobile fast pyrolysis system using a novel double pipe fluidized bed reactor with a capacity of 50 kg/h was designed and built. The structures of the main components, including the novel double pipe fluidized bed reactor, double bin pneumatic conveying feeder, jet/spray combined condenser, etc., are described in detail and experiments examining their performance are reported. Fast pyrolysis of larch sawdust was conducted at 400–550 °C to examine how temperature affects product yields and characteristics. The highest bio-oil yield was 68.6 wt% at 500 °C, and the yields of biochar and non-condensable gas were 19.2 wt% and 12.2% wt%, respectively. The chemical components of bio-oil included acids, aldehydes, ketones, phenols, furans, sugars, and other substances, and their proportions varied with temperature. Phenolic compounds were the most abundant components in the bio-oil with a peak content of 30.6% at 500 °C. The non-condensable gas was made mostly of CO2 and CO, which together peaked at 88.3 vol% at 400 °C. Furthermore, the energy performance of the pyrolysis process was analyzed. This research provides a reference for the industrial transformation of mobile fast pyrolysis technology.

Techno-economic analysis for co-processing fast pyrolysis liquid with vacuum gasoil in FCC units for second-generation biofuel production

National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Petrobras have worked closely to develop process models and analysis approaches to assess the economic feasibility of co-processing bio-oils (pyrolysis oils) with fossil feedstocks in petroleum refinery unit operations. Petrobras conducted co-processing experiments with pine-derived bio-oils and Brazilian vacuum gasoil (VGO) at typical operating conditions on their 200 kg/h demonstration-scale fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit. NREL evaluated the experimental yield data and developed novel modeling approaches to simulate and optimize co-processing scenarios. Within the uncertainties of measurements and the simplified refinery models used, the process modeling and techno-economic analysis (TEA) results identify conditions in which co-processing bio-oils could be economically feasible for the case of refiners purchasing VGO, expanding prior work demonstrating technical feasibility.TEA scenarios show a high potential for bio-oil co-processing to be economically attractive for petroleum refiners for benchmark crude oil prices at $70 (U.S. dollars) per barrel using up to 5 wt% bio-oil produced with typical fast pyrolysis technology (≤400 t/d) fed with dried pine chips. For oil prices per barrel of $55–$60, up to 10 wt% bio-oil could be co-processed profitably if produced in pyrolysis plants performing at an “nth-plant” level, feeding 2,000 t/d with dried pine chip feedstocks producing bio-oil at $48–$56 per barrel from feedstock ranging from $99-$132 per t ($90–$120 per ton). Alternatively, low-price biomass feedstocks could make bio-oil co-processing viable at lower oil prices in both cases.

Production of liquid smoke using fluidised-bed fast pyrolysis and its application to green lipped mussel meat

Liquid smoke flavouring as an all-natural food additive is usually prepared by smouldering or a carbonisation method. In this study, liquid smoke was prepared by fast pyrolysis technology using a fluidised bed reactor with a yield of 30 wt%. GC-MS analysis showed that main functional compounds were furans, carbonyls and phenols. The fast pyrolysis liquid smoke presented a high antioxidant capacity with a total phenolic content of 21.9 mg GAE/mL. Cytotoxicity analysis indicated that it was as safe as commercial liquid smoke products. This fast pyrolysis liquid smoke was diluted and applied to treat green lipped mussel meat, and the preserving effects were studied over 30-day refrigerated storage. The microbiological analysis results showed bacteria growth was inhibited during the first 14 days of the storage period. The image and texture analysis results showed insignificant changes to liquid smoked mussel meat during storage except for colour darkening and decreased hardness in meat texture.

Optimization of the nitrogen and oxygen element distribution in microalgae by ammonia torrefaction pretreatment and subsequent fast pyrolysis process for the production of N-containing chemicals

In this work, ammonia (NH3) torrefaction pretreatment (ATP) was developed to optimize the nitrogen and oxygen element distribution of microalgae via the N-doping and oxygen removal reaction, which could obviously improve the potential use of microalgae as a feedstock for the production of N-heterocyclic chemicals through fast pyrolysis technology. The nitrogen content increased from 8.3% of raw microalgae to 11.51% at 300 °C of ATP, while the oxygen content decreased from 35.96% to 21.61%, because of the Maillard reactions. In addition, the nitrogen-doping ratio and oxygen removal ratio of ATP was much higher than the conventional nitrogen torrefaction pretreatment (NTP). With the increase of ATP torrefaction temperature or the pyrolysis temperature, the relative content of the N-containing compounds increased, while the O-containing compounds decreased. For the N-heterocyclic chemicals, higher pyrolysis temperature favored the formation of pyrroles, while inhibited the formation of pyridines and indoles.

BIO-OIL FROM RUBBER WOOD: EFFECTS OF UPGRADING CONDITIONS

Despite its prominent potential, the use of rubber wood (Hevea brasiliensis) for bio-oil production has not been fully investigated. This study reported experimental results of the bio-oil production and upgrading from rubber wood using fast pyrolysis technology. The effects of catalyst nature (vermiculite and dolomite), upgrading temperature and bio-oil/catalyst ratio on the product quality were deeply investigated. The results showed that dolomite was suitable to be used as a catalyst for bio-oil upgrading. At 600 °C and a bio-oil/catalyst ratio of 1:1, the bio-oil yield was maximized, while at 400 °C and a ratio of 1:3, the bio-oil heating value was maximized. Depending on usage purposes, a yield-oriented, heating value-oriented or in-between bio-oil upgrading solution could be considered.

Feasibility analysis of bio-binder as non-petroleum alternative for bituminous materials

This study discussed the feasibility of bio binders derived from swine manure as the alternative of bitumen. The bio-oil was converted from swine manure via the fast pyrolysis technology. Subsequently, the bio-oil upgraded to bio binders through a preheating treatment. In terms of the lack of studies regarding the compatibility of bitumen and bio binders, this study respectively investigated the blends of bitumen and bio binders from chemical and mechanical perspectives. Mainly, the chemical characterization consisted of extensive measurements using the Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), the Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and, the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). As for the mechanical performance, the blends of bitumen and bio binders with a content of 5% and 10% by mass were firstly produced and then subjected to the Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) test. Results indicated that the addition of bio binders could enhance the low-temperature performance of the bitumen to some extent. At the low or medium temperature, the blends showed favorable thermal stability. However, the incompatibility issue is noticeable at high temperatures, especially during the mixing and compaction process in practice.

Improving the quality of pyrolysis products through preliminary thermal treatment of woody raw materials

Rational processing of multi-ton wood and plant waste with the production of promising products is an important task. One of the approaches to solve this problem is the pyrolysis of solid organic waste with obtaining the secondary liquid useful products in the form of raw bio-oils or charcoal suspensions.In this regard, the work investigates the effect of pre-heat treatment of shredded wood on the mass yield of products processed by fast pyrolysis technology. As a result of the conducted research, it is revealed that the preliminary heat treatment has practically no effect on the mass yield of pyrolysis products. However, the output of the elemental composition of biomass changes: the content of carbon and hydrogen increases, the amount of oxygen decreases, the proportion of nitrogen remains unchanged, that improves the quality of the obtained pyrolysis products as raw materials for subsequent use in chemical technology.

Using pine and cocoa waste with pyrolysis technology by liquid smoke, charcoal and bio char

In this research, the pyrolysis proceeded at five destilate temperature, ie. 115 until 515°C.Targeted results of this study was to use liquid smoke, charcoal, oil, and gas produced from Biomass (Pine wood and Cacao shell) waste through fast pyrolysis technology, so the charcoal can be used potentially as bio fuelleather raw material analysis showed that leather raw material for wood pine analysis showed that the lignin content 26,06%, and so, 49,23% alpha cellulose and hemicelluloses content of 23,62%. and lignin content cacao waste 46,82%, so 26,73% alpha cellulose and hemicelluloses content of 4,86%.GC-MS results showed that liquid smoke each source contains different compounds. Different types of compounds found in liquid smoke from pine waste condensate such as acid (4 types), keton (10), alcohol(1), phenol(1), esters(3), quaiacol(1), aldehyde (1).furfural (1) and so on. And Cacao waste such acid (3 types), keton (7), alcohol (3), Alkana (1), Levoglucosan (1), resorcin (1), and so on. Identification of liquid smoke from the hazelnut shell by GC-MS yield potential chemical components including products levoglucosan and hydroxy methyl furfural as Biofuel and chemical raw material.FTIR analysis results for charcoal pine shell can be seen in Table 1shows. Changes in aromatic peak at 1579 cm− 1 shows that it contains lignin. 1159,1cm−1 indicated dehydration and depolymerization of cellulose and hemicelluloses content. Wave number3423 cm-1 shows hydroxyl group. FTIR analysis results for charcoal cacao l can be seen Changes in aromatic peak at 1585 cm−shows that it contains lignin. 1111 cm−1 indicated dehydration and depolymerization of cellulose and hemicelluloses content The wave number 3406 cm-1 shows hydroxyl group. Pyrolysis technology may reduce carbon emission.Each of the ten challenges was presented with a review of relevant literature followed by future directions which can ultimately lead to technological eco friendly that would facilitate commercialization of pyrolytic biochar.