Technologies In Agricultural Sector Research Articles

Formation of human capital in agricultural sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan in digital space

The goal is analytical review of the current situation on formation of human capital in agricultural sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan, identifying the main problems and opportunities, as well as providing specific recommendations for optimizing development of labor potential in the context of digital transformation. Methods – statistical analysis, calculation of indicators, generalization, monographic. Results – the role of personnel reserves in AIC as a determining factor in increasing agricultural production volumes is considered. The main factors influencing on labor resources in agricultural sector of the republic in the conditions of digitalization are systematized: lack of qualified workers, aging workforce, unfavorable demographic situation, underdeveloped social infrastructure of the village, migration of the working population. It is emphasized that training of young specialists, as well as improving the quality of educational and methodological systems are an integral part of solving these problems. An analysis of the level of digital literacy of villagers and degree of the use of information and communication technologies was carried out. The state and dynamics of employment of rural residents, its differences in rural and urban areas have been studied, the share of people employed in agriculture, the structure of the economically active population by level of education have been determined. Conclusions - based on the results of the study, the need to train personnel capable of effectively using modern digital technologies in agricultural sector is noted, and measures to attract young people with specialized skills are argued. It is necessary to expand the continuous chain of career guidance, staff development to update professional competencies, and implement industry strategic goals. Practical recommendations for the development of human capital in the conditions of informatization and digitalization are proposed.

FORMATION OF NEW INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

The aspects of using innovative technologies in the field of agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan have been studied. The importance of digitalization in agro-industrial sectors is justified. Tasks of introduction of technological innovations in domestic agricultural sector were identified: improving regulatory support, effective technical support, growth in innovation activity, a sufficient degree of financial support, implementation of environmental legislation, conservation of natural resources, increasing the scale of situational analysis, training and upgrading of personnel on issues digital economy and smart technologies in agricultural sector. The experience of countries where advanced agricultural technologies are applied is studied. The potential of accumulated information on digital technologies, as well as factors and conditions for their implementation in Kazakhstan, is considered. The pace and plans of introduction of SMART farms in the republic are analyzed, specific regional examples are presented. The spheres of application of numbering methods in agricultural production are shown. It was revealed that digitalization is not only the use of information content across the entire spectrum of agricultural activity, but also the need to create a comprehensive electronic automated system in each region of the country, its integration with other information databases. The authors note that nanotechnology in agriculture will facilitate the simplification of relations between agricultural producers and the State (facilitating workflow, soft loans), improving the situation in supervision and certification of agricultural products, environmental control, increasing productivity in digital agricultural enterprises, and developing educational sphere.

Evaluating the Importance of Financial Technology in Agriculture Sector: A Cross Sectional Study

Evaluating the Importance of Financial Technology in Agriculture Sector: A Cross Sectional Study

Practice and Development of Agricultural Seed Management Technology in the Hilly Areas of Eastern Nepal

The use of new technologies in agricultural sector is the contemporary global concern issue. This study attempts to explore about the practice and development of seed management technology in the eastern hilly areas of Nepal including the analysis of major reasons and accociated problems. Moreover, it also seeks the perception of farmers towards this technology. In addition, the study applied household questionnaire survey, key informant survey and focus group discussion with local farmers in to collect relevant information. The household survey conducted in 20 percent (190hss) in total (601hhs) of the study area ranging from 250 to 1500 masl along the Koshi-highway.The relevant published and unpublished documents: previous research journals, books, dissertations and official records were also reviewed as secondary sources of information for this paper.
 This paper has showed that the technology is well known for the protection and promotion of both crops and vegetables farming in the study area. More than 78 percent (150hhs) farmers are using this as a useful and profitable technique. Despite various problems, the practice of this technology is gradually increasing in this area and the maximum practice is concentrated with vegetable farming. Although it was introduced through the inspiration of local research centers at first time, the role of neighbours, friends and television programs seems to be significant respectively in its development and expansion in the study area. This technology is the choice of the farmers and the majority of the farmers are in fovor of the development and expansion of the technology.

Adoption of Information and Communication Technology in Agricultural Sector : The case of the Region of Western Macedonia, Greece

Adoption of Information and Communication Technology in Agricultural Sector : The case of the Region of Western Macedonia, Greece

AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION TECHNOLOGY TOOLS IN PADDY FIELD IN SEKINCHAN SELANGOR

Rapid development of technology has encouraged the use of agricultural mechanization technology in agriculture sector. The effective adoption of mechanization technology is important to improve management capacity and productivity among farmers. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the usage of mechanization technology tool among farmers, explore the acceptance of mechanization technology and investigate influencing factors and risk of using mechanization technology tools among farmers in paddy industry. In this qualitative research, semi-structured interview was conduct with 3 farmers in Sekinchan. The finding of this study show the high usage of mechanization technology tools in paddy cultivation process. The finding also found that factor influence the use of mechanization technology which including factor from high cost of maintenance and modification, land consolidation system, advanced services, facility and infrastructure and human capital factor. The results show that an effective use of mechanization technology by farmers in Sekinchan. Government should actively give an effort to strengthen the functioning of mechanization technology to help achieving the goal of domestic rice supply.

Assessment of the Impact of the Activities of Agricultural Enterprises on the Economic Development of the Regions of Ukraine in the Period from 1990 to 2020

The relevance of the subject under study is due to the disquietude of the society, because currently the term “land market” is actively introduced in Ukraine; because of this, monopoly rent is appropriated and redistributed to the enrichment of several heavy duty plot landlords and land users, who already control more than half of the agricultural lands of Ukraine. This paper is aimed at realization of objective analysis of economic processes and covering the regional development of the territories of Ukraine, where agricultural enterprises and farms operate. The leading methods of the study were a dialectical method of cognition of economic phenomena with the review in the historical and economic aspect, and an abstract-logical method, based on the formation of proposals and conclusions. The has showed that agricultural holdings not only support the social sphere formed in the economy but also can implement programs focused on the development of employees and the growth of their social protection. The practical value of this study is also conditioned upon the fact that the progressive principles of governance, management, and transfer of a part of the social benefits available to the population of the cities to the village, which contribute to the economic development of the communities, are involved in the innovative technologies in agricultural sector. The results of this study prove that there are preconditions for development of agribusiness in Ukraine. Specifically, sufficiency of land resources; the necessary production infrastructure and social sphere have been formed; production of highly efficient agricultural machinery and equipment for target production in different edaphoclimatic conditions has been organized, which is evidenced by growth of the number of agricultural holdings annually in most regions of Ukraine. The functioning of farming is an alternative opportunity to share agricultural lands that helped create an economic basis for the system of agricultural enterprises

Information and communication technologies in agricultural sector

The goal is economic modeling of the activities of small agricultural entities using factorial and statistical analysis, as well as to provide recommendations for the implementation of information and communication technologies (ICT) in AIC of the region. The article uses the following scientific methods - bibliometric, questioning, statistical, factorial, analytical. Results - the coronavirus pandemic and Russian sanctions imposed due to the implementation of a special operation in Ukraine continue to have a negative impact on diversification of the national economy. An economic assessment is given and the reasons for a rather low level of development of the agri sector are determined. A literary review of the achievements of foreign scientists in the field of digitalization of agro-industrial production has been prepared. The degree of use of digital processes in the economy and prerequisites for the implementation of investment projects are shown. The main indicators of production of products of small market entities in the Almaty region based on the use of ICT are analyzed. A questionnaire was compiled for small farms, a statistical model of the region was built on the basis of the SmartPLS application program to obtain objective information on the feasibility of implementing digital platforms, and the importance of electronic methods in the activities of agricultural entities was justified. Conclusions - the results of modeling are summarized in terms of identifying the level of information knowledge of management of small businesses. Problems are revealed and recommendations are developed for adapting small businesses to digital systems in agribusiness. There are positive trends in their advancement in terms of new opportunities and promising areas that should be combined into a single information network of digital agricultural economy of Kazakhstan, which is managed at the state level, which will reduce the existing backlog from developed countries.

An Empirical study on the Perceptions of the Rural and Urban Farmers on the factors influencing the Adoption of the Digital Technologies in Agriculture Sector in the State of Telangana.

The present study is an attempt to understand the perceptions of the Farmers with special references to Rural and Urban area of Residence and examine if there is any variance in their opinion towards the adoption of Digital Technologies in Agricultural Sector. The study mainly focused on five factors which are draw from the extant literature available. The constructs include Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Internet Usage Efficacy of the Respondents, Social influence and their Attitude towards the adoption of the Digital Technologies. The study conducted using Five-point Likert scale collecting data from 811 respondents. The non-parametric test i.e., Mann-Whitney U test is employed to examine the relationship among the Rural and Urban Farmers

Foreign experience of innovative development of the agro-industrial complex.

The relevance of the topic of the article - the issues of innovative development of agroindustrial complex of Kazakhstan, which provides large-scale production, require detailed study. The goal - is to consider the positive aspects of the best practices of foreign countries regarding this problem and develop practical recommendations. Methods - generalization, quantitative and qualitative analysis, abstract logical. Results - in order to apply high technologies in agricultural sector, economically developed countries use subsidy systems, price support (USA), government assistance in obtaining income per hectare and payments for livestock (EU countries), income support through payments (Canada) and concessional lending (Brazil). In addition to financial assistance, agricultural producers in the USA, Canada and other countries are provided with information, legal, innovation, marketing, insurance and other types of support. Conclusions - innovative processes, expansion of the competitive environment in the AIC presuppose the effective use of scientific and technical potential, integration of science, education and production, technological modernization of the economy based on progressive methods. Innovation is reflected in the implementation of the strategic objectives of ensuring food security and effective regulation of the domestic food market in order to stimulate labor productivity in agriculture, increase export potential of agricultural sector. It is necessary to combine innovative activity in domestic agro-industrial production with international practice, which will increase production capacity of agrarian sector of the republic. The development trends of the world market convincingly show that there can be no other way in Kazakhstan than the formation of a new type of economy, widespread innovation.

Impact of Technological Change on Growth and Agricultural Sector in Gujarat State of India: A Time-Series Data Study

This study assessed the growth rate of commercial and food-grain crops due to technological change in Gujarat. Growth rate model was employed to examine the growth rate of area sown, production and yield of crops. Subsequently, impact of technological change, and other inputs on yield of individual crop was estimated using a Cobb-Douglas production function model. Time trend factor was used as a proxy variable to capture the impact of technological change, and other inputs (i.e., area sown, irrigated area, application of fertilizer, agricultural labors, rural literate population and annual actual rainfall) on yield of crops. Growth rate of cropped area, production and yield of cotton, sugarcane, castor, potato, rice, arhar, maize, gram and wheat crops were seemed positive in Gujarat. Yield of cotton, sugarcane, castor, rice, arhar, maize, bajra, gram, wheat, jowar ragi, potato, groundnut, sesamum, rapeseed&mustard and soyabeans crops was positively associated with time trend factors. Furthermore, the regression coefficient of time trend factor with yield of cotton, tobacco, potato, groundnut, sesamum, rapeseed & mustard, rice, arhar, maize, bajra, gram, wheat, jowar and ragi was reported positive and statistically significant. Hence, the estimates shows that yield of aforesaid crops were improved due to application of technological change in agricultural sector in Gujarat. Several practical policy suggestions are given to increase the use of technology in agricultural sector to improve the growth of major food-grain and commercial crops.

Science and Technology in the Modern Agricultural Sector: An Overview

Innovation is an important one in contemporary agricultural sector than ever before. Contemporary farming and agricultural activities work another way than those a few years ago, principally because of progressions in the science and technology, with sensors, devices, equipments, machines, and information technology. This sector, as a whole is facing huge confronts, from increasing costs of inputs, a scarcity of workers, and changing consumers’ preferences for lucidity and sustainability. There is mounting importance from agricultural corporations that solutions are desirable for these confronts. As a consequence recent agricultural sector habitually uses classy technologies like robotics, sensors for measuring temperature and moisture, aerial images, and global positioning system technology. In the last 10 years, application scientific technologies in the agricultural sector has witnessed a increment in the investment worth of 6.7 billion USD endowed in the last five years and attracted 1.9 billion USD in the last one year alone. These modern technologies and accurate modern agricultural and robotic systems permit businesses to be more gainful, competent, safer, and more eco friendly. Further these modern technologies have paying attention around different areas such as interior vertical farming, computerization and robotics, livestock rearing technology, up to date greenhouse farming practices, exactitude agricultural and artificial intelligence, and blockchain. With this backdrop the present paper made an attempt to explain applications of the science and technology in the modern agricultural sector.

POMEGRANATE FRUIT DISEASES DETECTION USING IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES: A REVIEW

The Agriculture plant diseases are responsible for farmer economic losses. These diseases affect on plant root, fruit, leaf, and stem. Detection of disease at early stages helps the farmer to improve productivity. In the traditional system agriculture experts and experienced farmer can recognize the plant diseases at the lower accuracy which causes losses to farmers. Currently several researchers are proposing soft computing and expert systems to recognize plant diseases. Plant disease identification by visual way is less accurate because some diseases do not have any visible symptoms or some of the diseases appear too late at the time of harvesting. The modern technology in agriculture sector can substantially improve the agriculture production & sustainability. This paper provides a review for fruit disease detection techniques for pomegranate plants. This study includes preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction and classification techniques for pomegranate fruit diseases detection systems. This paper also states the comparison and limitations of existing fruit disease detection techniques.

Digital Technology in Agricultural Sector

The digitalization of production in agriculture is a global trend, there is a great research and investment interest in digital technologies. The national priorities of present Russia to be determined by the program documents of the country’s socio-economic development for the period up to 2030 imply the use of the wide possibilities of digital technologies to ensure the entry of the Russian Federation into the number of the largest economies in the world. Since the state has set a task to transform agriculture through the introduction of digital technologies, the issue of introducing information technologies in small and medium-sized enterprises that lack investment is very relevant. The purpose of the study is to analyze the positive experience of introducing digital technologies by farmers, in particular blockchain technologies, to determine the prospects for the process and justify the dissemination of positive experience. The promising areas of using digital technologies in farms are analyzed and substantiated. These technologies make it possible to simplify the sale of products, eliminate unnecessary intermediaries, provide investments in the development of production, logistics and certification, as well as the development of rural areas and infrastructure. ICO and crowdfunding can be a starting point for the development and upgrading of farms. Therefore, information on successful practices in the application of information technologies should be popularized among farmers for wider dissemination among farmers.

New technologies to succeed the rooting process of rootstocks in agriculture engineering in Vitro

The aim of this article is to illustrate the integration of new technologies in agricultural sector, especially in biotechnology laboratories in Vitro. The new technology applying in this project is an automation process of virus - symptom detection in the micro –cut rootstocks that are planted on nutrient medium. Additionally, the comparative analysis of laboratories with and without an automation process on subject-rooted plants in Vitro on the same nutrient medium will be also studied. The annual profit was in this project calculated to be 1.8 mln Russian ruble due to the integration of an automatic system into the laboratory in Vitro.

Kajian dan Rekomendasi Sistem Pemetaan Lahan Pertanian

Penerapan Teknologi Informasi di sektor pertanian dapat meningkatkan produktivitas pertanian. Salah satu penerapan teknologi informasi untuk sektor pertanian adalah penerapan sistem pemetaan lahan, yang diharapkan tidak hanya mencatat data lahan pertanian, tetapi juga memiliki peran yang strategis. Di dalam makalah ini di dalam kajian ini dianalisa terkait dengan penerapan pemetaan lahan yang telah dilakukan di beberapa negara dan peruntukannya. Artikel ini juga melakukan kajian terhadap isu fungsional dan usi pengguna. Di bagian akhir dari kajian ini dibahas terkait dengan fitur sistem pemetaan lahan berbasis web (Web Mapping System), peluang, dan tantangan pengembangan Web Mapping System. Kajian ini juga menghasilkan beberapa rekomendasi yang diperlukan untuk mendukung penerapan Web Mapping System.

Cloud computing and climate-smart agriculture: An efficient transfer of technology mechanism

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) predicts that the global populationwill rise to 8 billion people by 2025 and 9.6 billion by 2050. To face challenges of food production there is need to develop methods to produce more output with the limited available natural resources. Climate-smart agriculture is an approach for guiding actions required to help stakeholders around the world and identify and develop strategies in order to make agriculture more productive and sustainable. Climate change will increase the vulnerability of agricultural production systems unless scientists and farmers reorient their present approaches toward making them climate-smart or climate-resilient. Use of cloud computing technology in agriculture sector has wider opportunity in the overall development of India. Cloud computing service provider may also offer services like Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS) with affordable cost. Cloud computing has been used for storage of agriculture data by government and private agencies. Use of IOT along with cloud computing can help the farmers a lot to increase the production by providing the correct communication between objects and charging according to the usage of service. Internet of things (IoT) will be beneficial to connect the devices and collect and distribute the information. IOT and cloud computing is a technology which tends to connect various objects in the world to the internet. Use of technology is constantly increasing to improve food production and commercial activities.

Impact assessment of mobile app using Economic Surplus Model

This article assesses the economic benefits of mobile app that provides real time information as well as forecasting about weather, pest and diseases of the grape crop in Maharashtra, India. Results of Economic Surplus Method (SME) showed that over the period of 16 years (2007–2022), 20% adoption of mobile app would generate total surplus of ` 9140.85 million and Net Present worth of ` 9111.94 million. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) would be 316%, Mindicating higher economic return from the technology of mobile app. At 50% level of adoption, it would generate total surplus of ` 13271.42 million with IRR of 317 per cent. The size of these returns implies that mobile based app for the grapes has high potential of economic return; returns on investments in extension services are quite attractive and there is scope for increasing outreach of information to realize the potential of technology in agriculture sector.

Adoption behavior towards the use of nuclear technology in agriculture: A causal analysis

Simultaneous achievement of sustainability, profitability, and productivity in the agricultural sector requires the development and utilization of appropriate technologies derived from agricultural research and extension of technological innovations in this sector. One of the most important issues in this respect is nuclear technology. Accordingly, the present study aims to carry out a causal analysis of the adoption behavior towards the use of nuclear technology in agriculture. The research method was descriptive-correlational and causal-relationship and a survey was used to collect the required data. The statistical population of this study consists of agricultural activists including faculty members of state departments of agriculture and research centers in Tehran and Alborz Provinces, Iran (N = 275); out of which, 160 individuals were selected through Krejcie and Morgan Table using stratified random sampling method with proportional assignment. The research instrument was a questionnaire, the validity of which was approved by a number of specialists in the field of agricultural education and extension as well as agricultural nuclear technology. The reliability of the whole items of the questionnaire was also obtained through a pilot study using Cronbach's alpha test (0.62≤α ≤ 0.82). The results of correlational tests showed that the variables of triability, compatibility, relative advantage, usefulness, attitude, social norms, and improved conditions (including social, cultural, political, and health-related items) have a positive and significant correlation with the behavior of adopting nuclear technology in agricultural sector. Moreover, the results of statistical tests of comparison of means (Kruskal-Wallis) revealed that the attitudes of faculty members in Agricultural Research Institute of Atomic Energy Organization in terms of views, knowledge, behavior, and tendency to nuclear technology adoption in agricultural sector were significantly different from those of other respondents. The causal analysis results showed that the component of improved conditions (social, cultural, political, and health-related items) had the greatest impact on the behavior of adopting nuclear technology in agriculture (β = 0.464).

The impact of agricultural activities on urbanization: evidence and implications for India

ABSTRACTAs a part of the development process, India is currently going through a transformation from agriculture based economy to industry and service lead urbanized economy. However, no formal quantitative research has been done on this phenomenon. In this perspective, based on Matsuyama’s (1992. Agricultural productivity, comparative advantage and economic growth. Journal of Economic Theory, 58(2), 317–334. doi:10.1016/0022-0531(92)90057-O) theoretical framework and using panel data model, the impact of agricultural activities on urbanization in India is analyzed in this paper. For the analysis 15 major agricultural states of India are considered for the period of 1981–2015 by sourcing data from mainly Census of India and Ministry of agriculture, government of India. The results indicates that overall agricultural activities measured by share, growth rate and total agricultural production, amount of cultivated land area, amount of rainfall and rural male employment have a negative effect on urbanization. However, some specific agricultural activities such as higher consumption of fertilizer, state government expenditure on agriculture, production of major crops (wheat, bajra and pulses), rural female employment in agriculture, and rural literacy rate have had a positive impact on urbanization. The results also show that the effect of agriculture productivity is positive on urbanization for a less trade open economy like India. Finally, it is suggested that there is need of higher agricultural development in order to achieve a higher level of urbanization in India. For this purpose use of technology in agriculture sector along with higher level rural education is required. Finally, we need to have balanced rural and urban policy for a smooth rural- urban transformation in India.