Technological Sovereignty Research Articles

Assessment of the regional potential of technological sovereignty of the Russian Federation

Aim. To identify the regions with a high potential for ensuring technological sovereignty of the Russian Federation (RF).Objectives. To perform a structural analysis of non-resource exports and imports of the RF regions; to propose a methodological approach to the development of typology of regions according to the criterion “the level of import dependence of production”; to identify the regional nuclei of technological sovereignty of the Russian Federation.Methods. Two-stage structural analysis of statistical data on regional exports and imports with the allocation of the share of goods with low and high level of processing, as well as with the definition of the purpose of products: production or for consumption by the population. The choice of the research period is conditioned by the absence in 2019 of the influence of the factor of the decline in global production during the COVID-19 pandemic in the following years, as well as the absence of the pressure exerted by sanctions restrictions.Results. 12 types of Russian regions were defined according to the criterion “high, medium and low levels of technological import dependence of the industrial complex”. The second level of the regional typologization depth is determined by the ratio of such indicators as the share of industrial technological export of the region in the country’s export, the share of industrial technological export of the region in the country’s technological export, the share of industrial technological import of the region in the country’s import, the share of industrial technological import of the region in the country’s technological import. Structural analysis allowed us to identify the regions - the nuclei of technological sovereignty of the country.Conclusions. First of all, it is necessary to study the experience of economic activity of seven regions that have exports of technological products at a high level with a low level of technological import dependence of industry. Among these regions are the Irkutsk, Arkhangelsk, Penza oblasts, the Republic of Bashkortostan, Altai Krai, the Republic of Mari El, and the Komi Republic. Two leading regions of the listed subjects of the Russian Federation deserve special attention: the Irkutsk Oblast and the Republic of Bashkortostan. It is important to highlight the most successful cases of their sectoral development to be used in other territories in order to ensure national technological sovereignty.

МЕТОДИКА МНОГОКРИТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ СРАВНИТЕЛЬНОЙ ОЦЕНКИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ЗАМЕНЫ СРЕДСТВ ИЗМЕРЕНИЙ И АВТОМАТИКИ

Ensuring technological sovereignty requires large-scale and massive replacement of foreign technical means in the control and automation systems of many industrial enterprises. This problem is especially relevant for critical infrastructure facilities, in particular energy supply systems and enterprises. The article presents a methodology that allows for a comparative multi-criteria assessment and selection of control and measuring instruments (measuring-and-recording apparatus) for the comprehensive re-equipment of control and management systems of energy enterprises, heat, electricity and water supply systems, industrial and household consumers. The methodology implements an integrated approach to solving the optimal choice problem based on the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology. The global efficiency criterion is formed as a result of the convolution of heterogeneous local efficiency criteria of measuring devices, which makes it possible to take into account specific technological requirements for measuring instruments and methods, the specifics of installation and operating conditions of devices. The method of multi-criteria assessment of the effectiveness of the use of measuring instruments significantly speeds up and simplifies the process of objective selection of optimal technical means and reduces qualification requirements for users. The database and algorithm for calculating global criteria can be used to create a decision support system within the framework of automatic design systems.

Antimicrobial Activity of New <i>N</i>-substituted Amides of Aroylpyruvic Acids and Their Silver Salts

Introduction. An important direction of modern pharmacy is the production of new domestic substances with anti-infectious activity, within the framework of ensuring the technological sovereignty of the state. Optimization of methods for determining antimicrobial activity is an integral part of these studies. Previously obtained silver salts of pyrazoles and pyrazolecarboxamideshad high antimicrobial activity. This work presents the results of determining the antimicrobial activity of new biologically active compounds synthesized by a salt formation reaction with silver ions at the carboxyl group of aroylpyruvic acid amides containing anthranilic acid in the amide fragment.Aim. Obtaining previously unknown amides of aroylpyruvic acids and their silver salts and studying their antimicrobial activity (AMA).Materials and methods. New N-substituted amides of anthranilic acids and their silver salts were obtained by organic synthesis methods. To study their antimicrobial activity, a micromethod of double serial dilutions was used on screening strains of S. aureus ATCC 6538P, E. coli ATCC 25922, as well as E. faecalis ATCC 29212, S. aureus Wood 46, S. abony No. 103/39 for highly active compounds. Additionally, a method of accounting for the results was carried out using the phenomenon of fluorescence in interaction with rezazurin, indicating the presence of living microbial cells.Results and discussion. The presence of antibacterial activity of silver salts 2a and 2b in relation to the studied strains was established: the minimum suppressive concentration (MPC) of compound 2a is 23.4–31.2 micrograms/ml, 2b is 3.9–5.8 micrograms/ml. When taking into account the results of the study of AMA using the phenomenon of fluorescence, it was found that they either coincide with the values of MPC determined visually, or indicate less antibacterial activity. Comparison of these results and seeding of the contents of the wells on a dense nutrient medium with respect to screening strains indicates that the suppression of fluorescence in experimental wells in the range of 99–82 % compared with the control is accompanied by the absence of bacterial growth (bactericidal effect), with fluorescence inhibition of less than 60 %, a pronounced growth of microorganisms is observed. In the intermediate range, the growth of single colonies is observed (bacteriostatic effect).Conclusion. The results of the study showed that the new silver salts of N-substituted amides of aroylpyruvic acids have high antimicrobial activity. The correspondence of the type of antibacterial activity to the degree of fluorescence inhibition was established.

Развитие системы менеджмента качества в проектах на фоне глобальных трансформаций

The article highlights the main provisions of building a quality management system in projects. The aim of the study is to build a model of the quality management process in projects in the form of Petri nets, as well as to develop the author’s system of criteria for assessing the quality of the project, adequate to global changes – the reversal of supply chains from West to East and the priority of the development of own production within the framework of the import substitution policy and ensuring Russia’s technological sovereignty. The research methods were formalization and modeling, which allow reflecting the logic of the links between the processes of implementing a quality management system in projects. National standards served as a conceptual basis. As a result, a logical-information model in IDEF0 notation was built, a discrete-event model based on Petri nets was developed and functionally described, including the main stages of quality management in projects, appli-cable in the conditions of automation of production and quality control of projects, processes, results. The mod-el can be integrated into corporate information systems as an additional module. A unique set of project quality assessment indicators covering aspects of import substitution, production localization, engineering staffing, digitalization, sustainable development in the context of project stages is proposed.

The experience of the transport university in the implementation of the "Priority-2030" program

In this study, using the example of the experience of participation of the Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS) in the strategic academic leadership program “Priority-2030”, the transformation of the role of a modern branch university in Industry 4.0 in the implementation of technological sovereignty of the Russian Federation is shown. The purpose of the study is to reveal the role of the “Priority-2030” program in the sustainable and balanced development of the university based on the results of participation in the program from 2021 to the present.Materials from open Internet sources, tools of ecosystem and project approach, methods of system analysis, theory of synergetics, project management and innovation were used. The key results of the implementation of the program for the development of PGUPS until 2030 by the end of 2022, aimed at achieving strategic academic leadership within the framework of “Priority-2030”, are presented. The article shows that the PGUPS, acting under the development program until 2030 “Priority-2030”, builds its own system of creating and transferring knowledge into the development and manufacture of its own, maximally localized products for the domestic economy.

Technological sovereignty and strategic dependencies: The case of the photovoltaic supply chain

This study investigates the international Photovoltaic Supply Chain (PVSC) from the perspective of the recent literature on Strategic Dependencies and Technological Sovereignty. In so doing, the paper fills existing literature gaps by providing: i) a fine-grained long-term analysis of the PVSC, considering all its segments and integrating production and technology dimensions; ii) detailed evidence of the changing hierarchical relationships within the supply chain; iii) an analysis of the drivers of strategic dependencies in the PVSC in different economic areas. Focusing on China, the EU, Japan, South Korea, and the US over the 2007–2021 period, the empirical evidence highlights the existence of strong strategic dependencies in the EU, especially in the mid and downstream segments of the PVSC. A similar, and in some cases even worse, situation is found in the US, although some diversification of the portfolio of suppliers, especially in the downstream, has been emerging in more recent years. These results have relevant implications in terms of policy theory with specific reference to EU and US initiatives in the field of industrial policies for sustainable transition.

UE - US: new barriers to trade

The article analyses the reasons for the complication of trade and economic relations between the European Union and the United States in recent years. The first section is devoted to the failed bilateral TTIP project, which was given strategic importance under the Obama administration. The destructive role of the Trump administration's policy toward the EU is noted. The hopes of improving bilateral relations after the arrival of the Biden administration were justified to a limited extent. New areas of conflict have emerged alongside the resolution of existing trade disputes. The Inflation Reduction Act adopted in the U.S. in 2022 became the most acute cause for discord. It has not yet been possible to reach a full agreement on how to mitigate negative consequences of this law for the EU. The EU, for its part, is forced to take retaliatory measures to protect its interests, including by strengthening its technological sovereignty, protection from economic coercion by third countries, etc. The analysis of emerging contradictions between the U.S. and Europe in the 21st century in trade and economic sphere leads to the conclusion that their most important cause is the increase in geopolitical rivalry throughout the world, due to which trade is progressively affected by geo-political reasons. At the same time, the problem of confrontation with China intensifies the differences between the U.S. and the EU.

The Study of the Electrical Properties of Anisotropic Semiconductors in the Laboratory Workshop of the University Course in Physics

The purpose of the article is to develop a theoretically and experimentally substantiated specific laboratory work for studying the anisotropy of the electrical properties of semiconductors within the framework of the curricula of higher educational institutions, for such areas of training as “Physics”, “Technical Physics”, “Radiophysics” and “Electronics and Nanoelectronics”. The relevance of the problem is due to the desire of domestic electronics for technological sovereignty and high requirements for the training of qualified personnel for the production of structures of solid-state functional electronics. Based on the solution of the boundary electrodynamic problem, an expression is obtained for the electric potential in the region of a thin rectangular semiconductor sample with a tensor character of conductivity. The results of this work is the development of an original laboratory setup for the demonstration and practical study of the anisotropy of the electrical properties of semiconductor crystals. The proposed technique makes it possible to determine the main electrokinetic parameters of an anisotropic semiconductor – specific conductivity, concentration and Hall mobility of the main charge carriers. A schematic diagram of the installation and formulas for calculating the errors of the measured quantities are proposed. The results obtained may also be of scientific interest in the study of anisotropic semiconductor materials in laboratory conditions.

STRATEGIC VECTOR OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX OF RUSSIA ON THE FOREIGN ECONOMIC COURSE

The article presents the results of a study of trends and prospects of foreign economic activity, priorities of export of agro-industrial products in Russia and the Altai Territory in the conditions of sanctions foreign policy restrictions using methods of strategic economic analysis and expert assessments. The prospects for the development of foreign economic activity in the field of agriculture, taking into account the diversification of foreign markets, are revealed. The agro-industrial business is offered the appropriate resources and ways to find solutions for changing the orientation in foreign markets. In order to maintain the achieved level of exports of agricultural products and its further development, it is necessary to intensify measures to support all market participants. The favorable geographical location of the country, its productive resources and the previously planned course for the development of exports are the foundation for the further development of the foreign economic course in difficult modern conditions. The constraining factors are: the lack of knowledge of new markets, which affects the efficiency of changing the direction of exports by agricultural enterprises; the culture of consumption and the peculiarities of trade in Africa, Southeast Asia, India; the formation of new logical chains, the insufficiency of innovative industries in terms of technological sovereignty, the production of organic agricultural and food products.

Improving the institutional environment for pilot testing of innovative technologies in Russia and abroad

Aim. To propose scientifically substantiated approaches to improving and accelerating the development of the institutional environment of pilot testing of new technologies in Russia.Objectives. To analyze the current state and highlight the main problems of the experimental-industrial infrastructure of innovation activity in Russia and abroad; to present tools for improvement taking into account international experience and geopolitical challenges.Methods. The study uses the methods of analysis and synthesis of state programs to support the development of experimental-industrial infrastructure, the method of causal analysis of barriers to the formation of experimental-industrial infrastructure, as well as methods of tabular and graphical structuring and interpretation of data.Results. By analyzing the limiting factors of the development of pilot industrial infrastructure on the example of China, India and Western countries the general barriers inherent in these territories and specific barriers formed by geographical, political or cultural peculiarities are revealed. The analysis of tools for the development of pilot industrial infrastructure in Russia is presented, taking into account which the necessary measures of state support and its main beneficiaries are proposed and justified.Conclusions. In Russia in the last few years there has been a decrease in the number of research, design, engineering, design and survey organizations, pilot plants. The existing practice of functioning and development of experimental activities, weak dynamics of its development in the conditions of realization of the course on technological sovereignty in the country speak about the insufficient volume of state instruments of stimulation of experimental-industrial tests and development of experimental-industrial infrastructure. There is a need for a transition from the implementation of private initiatives to a systematic approach to the development of this activity with the involvement of the state, science, small and medium-sized businesses. In order to scale up the developed domestic practices and obtain tangible results for the economy, it is advisable to increase the financing of pilot industrial activities in comparable amounts with international practices.

Public-private partnership in the Russian Federation at the present stage: Trends and problems of development

Aim. To generalize the trends and problems of public-private partnership (PPP) development in the Russian Federation (RF) at the present stage.Objectives. To perform a brief review of the history of PPP development in Russia; to disclose the essence of theoretical provisions regarding the features and principles of PPP; to analyze the data characterizing the development of PPP in 2018–2022 in terms of the number and types of projects, the amount of financing raised, the levels of their implementation (federal, regional, municipal); to study the features of the implementation of the concept of “PPP for the benefit of people” in modern Russian practice.Methods. With the help of general methods of scientific cognition in various aspects, the authors have considered the features, trends and problems of PPP development in Russia, characteristic of the current state, as well as determined the general directions of their solution.Results. PPP is a modern method of attracting private capital to solve socio-economic problems of development of industries and territories. Its features are revealed through economic, social, financial, legal, managerial, political sides. The actual set of principles includes expediency, efficiency, legality, priority of public interests, responsibility of the parties to obligations, information transparency. The world practice has accumulated experience in the use of various PPP projects. The modern trend is the inclusion of sustainable development goals in the PPP development concept, which significantly modernizes approaches to the selection of PPP projects. The main trends of PPP development in Russia include the predominance of PPP projects implemented by type (concession agreements), number (municipal level projects), financing volumes (regional level projects), specific financial capacity (federal level projects); expansion of the range of sectors, objects, introduction of new measures, tools and mechanisms for the development and modernization of social infrastructure, ensuring technological sovereignty. The multiplicity of problems of PPP development in Russia is caused by legal, macroeconomic, personnel, political, managerial factors, which determines the need for continuous improvement of organizational, legal, financial and economic mechanisms.Conclusions. The study of trends and problems of PPP development in Russia allows not only to identify the national specifics of attracting private capital to solve problems of socio-economic development, but also to identify ways, directions of improving the welfare of the population, the growth of competitiveness of individual territories on the basis of a fuller use of entrepreneurial potential of regions.

Experimental legal regime in the field of digital innovations: on the issue of ensuring legal certainty

The rapid development of digital technologies that transform objective reality by their implementation, combined with the need for the Russian state to rely mainly on internal resources (which is due to the introduction and expansion of the sanctions regime of unfriendly countries against Russia), "calls" for the search for effective mechanisms and tools capable of: 1) to ensure technological sovereignty, 2) to mobilize the digital economy, 3) to preserve the well-being of our society. One of these mechanisms may be an experimental legal regime in the field of digital innovation (hereinafter referred to as EPR), the study of the essence of which is the subject of this work. In the course of the research, the author pays special attention to: 1) consideration of the category "legal experiment"; 2) disclosure of the essence of the EPR through the study of the category "legal regime of entrepreneurial activity", including within the territories with a special regime of entrepreneurial activity; 3) consideration of the issue of ensuring the principle of legal certainty in the context of the EPR. The following methods of scientific research were used in the study: analysis, synthesis, generalization, analogy, etc.; a systematic approach, special legal and comparative legal methods were used. The main conclusions of the conducted research are: - firstly, the system of entrepreneurial legal regimes can be represented by the following triad: general, special, extraordinary; in relation to territories with a special regime of entrepreneurial activity, when it comes to a special preferential regime; - secondly, the dual legal nature of the EPR makes it possible to consider it both as one of the types of territory with a special regime of entrepreneurial activity, and as a legal experiment; - thirdly, the intermediate place of the EPR between the advanced legal regulation is determined and the postponement of legal regulation, which allows us to talk about the dynamism of legal certainty; fourth, EPR can be considered as an effective means of overcoming the effect of lagging legislation only when legality is not replaced by expediency.

INNOVATION MANAGERS FOR THE COUNTRY’S TECHNOLOGICAL SOVEREIGNTY

The article substantiates the authors’ position, supported by empirical data, on the sharp increase in the intellectual intensity of managerial activities and on the transformation of the managerial profession into one of the most complex, gaining particular importance in the organisation of the innovation process for technological sovereignty. The increasing role of management science in understanding the ongoing turbulent changes, developing methodologies for proactive management and identifying competencies in demand in the economy is highlighted. The need for the introduction of advanced learning in these conditions is demostrated; the authors’ experience in its development and implementation in terms of specific organisational models, content and teaching methods is presented. Within the framework of the proposed concept of further education, it is necessary to introduce a management specialisation focused on specific industries into the existing system of higher education. It will provide enhanced fundamental and applied training, a significant increase in the volume of practice and will enable students to master the engineering-economic and engineering-managerial knowledge necessary for taking into account interdisciplinary relationships between high technology, economics and finance when making management decisions.

New Instruments for Investment Support of Technology Sovereignty Projects

The growth of restrictive measures against the Russian Federation in the context of the high import dependence of the national economy calls for special attention to be paid to the country’s achievement of technological sovereignty and the launching of a new sustainable investment cycle. This involves the task of dynamically increasing the creation of new medium- and high-technology industries, with a central role being given to the creation of a resource database of projects. Limited public budgets and the inaccessibility of external financial markets make it appropriate to consider domestic private and (or) resources as priority sources of financing debt, especially when the latter are not sufficiently involved in the investment process. In turn, it is unlikely to accumulate the funds of credit organizations and the business sector without the use of modern state support tools that would reduce the cost of capital for the implementation of investment projects and, thus, they redirected financial flows to the highest priority, albeit low-margin, of the real sector. Thus, the purpose of this article is to analyze new instruments of investment support of projects of ensuring technological sovereignty in the territory of the Russian Federation.

Стратегирование интероперабельности центров научной мысли России и Африки

The state accumulates national wealth only as fast as it transforms the existing scientific and technical reserves into economic resources, thus capitalizing natural resources into marketable goods and services. This research relied on a new approach to assessing national strength developed by V.L. Makarov, A.R. Bakhtizin, and E.D. Sushko. The approach is based on the presumption that strategizing labor potential ensures effective technological sovereignty, which makes science and innovations especially important. It presupposes the following basic principles of strategizing the labor potential development: legality, consistency, longterm, prolongation, continuity, humanity, freedom, and proportionality. To make these principles more effective, the authors substantiated the role of interoperability (compatibility) between science and innovations at technical, semantic, and organizational levels.

Opportunities and Limitations of the “People’s Capitalism Model”

The article considers the opportunities and limitations of the so-called “People’s capitalism model” (PCM). For this purpose, the authors systematize the historical practice of implementation of PCM in different countries and available empirical assessments of the effectiveness of such initiatives. In addition, the authors undertake a theoretical analysis of PCM features, for which the interests of the company and its employees are modeled. The analysis of the model allowed us to determine the conditions of effectiveness of the people’s capitalism model, based on Базовыйwhich we formulate proposals for the introduction of a new initiative for Russian strategic enterprises in order to ensure Russia’s technological sovereignty.

Региональная и отраслевая экономика технологического суверенитета России

Introduction. The current state of economic development is due to a long period of spatial infrastructure formation, which is the basis for the formation of a state policy actual concept in its priority areas. The socio-economic strategy of the Russian Federation is currently, for objective reasons, associated with the implementation of the import substitution program. The issue of creating a concept for the formation of technological sovereignty as the main driver of the development of the regional, sectoral economy and the economy of the country as a whole is outlined in the current agenda. Theoretical analysis. The unprecedented economic sanctions imposed against Russia were aimed at weakening Russia’s role on a global scale. The response was the announcement of an immediate course of state policy aimed at intensifying the technical and technological development of the country. Since 2005, the Russian Federation has formed not only import substitution mechanisms, but also created its own innovative infrastructure for the implementation of the spatial economic development strategy. Empirical analysis. Research in the field of the technological sovereignty concept formation has allowed us to formulate a number of global problems and challenges to be solved. The basis of the conceptual presentation were the strategic directions of scientific and technological development formulated by the President of Russia for the period up to 2030. The revitalization of the domestic system is the starting point for building internal potential and establishing stable foreign economic relations. Results. Having considered the existing forms and mechanisms of economic space formation, it became possible to identify the main sites on the basis of which priority strategic directions of development will be implemented. The key tasks in achieving technological sovereignty are to change the system of personnel training, the formation of technological and scientific potentials, the creation of an ecosystem of interaction of various representatives, the implementation of a cluster approach in industry and the creation of investment attractiveness in the regions. As a regulatory mechanism for achieving technological sovereignty, the formation of approaches to the definition of the concept of “technoeconomics” as a new sector in the economic space to achieve the fundamental stability of the Russian economy is proposed.

Технологический суверенитет России: понятие, измерение, возможность достижения

Geopolitical tensions, sanction conflicts, and efforts to combat the COVID-19 pandemic are amplifying the trends of deglobalization in the global economy. In response, governments of various nations and regional alliances have initiated comprehensive programs aimed at revitalizing their domestic industries and bolstering their technological independence. Despite the widespread pursuit of technological sovereignty as a strategic objective in government policies, this concept remains somewhat ambiguous and lacks clear criteria for measurement. In the contemporary context, technological sovereignty extends beyond just the development of technology; it encompasses the deployment of these technologies within national enterprises and the subsequent production of competitive goods, at the very least for domestic markets. The various methods for assessing the level of technological sovereignty can be categorized into three groups: composite indices, multi-criteria evaluations without aggregation, and individual indicators. Composite indices often face challenges when combining diverse metrics, while simpler indicators, such as foreign trade statistics or patent activity, only capture specific facets of the evaluation. Multi-criteria approach without aggregation appear to offer a more objective assessment. This study conducted a dynamic analysis of the balance between domestically sourced and imported advanced production technologies utilized by Russian enterprises, examining the share of foreign value-added in final consumption and the proportion of domestically manufactured products in the market across major sectors of the Russian manufacturing industry. The results of these calculations indicate indications of strengthening technological sovereignty, particularly in the pharmaceutical and metallurgical sectors. Sectors with relatively lower levels of technological sovereignty include machinery manufacturing, electronics, and the textile industry.

Monetary policy on launching new production facilities in Russia: Opportunities in the semiconductor market

The paper discusses the capabilities of the Russian monetary system for massive lending to new industries that are of strategic importance to the country and contribute to its technological sovereignty. The key provisions of monetary theory and the concept of multiplier constitute the theoretical basis of the study. Modelling transient processes was used as the main research method. Empirical evidence is official data from the Bank of Russia and the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), as well as industry reports on the global semiconductor market. The authors propose their own model of the transition process, which allows assessing the possible inflation rate and economic growth generated by massive credit investments. Testing the model in the microelectronics industry showed that assumptions about the Bank of Russia possibly losing its control over inflation due to a large-scale lending are unfounded. Even during the first two years, when the construction of a new enterprise is underway and there is an obvious imbalance between the product and money supply, the additional inflation rate caused by this initiative does not exceed 0.5 % per year. We conclude that the regulator has enough reserves to open credit lines for establishing new high-tech enterprises simultaneously in several industries. The proposed model can be used to optimize the public administration system when designing the country’s technological development strategy focused on domestic import substitution.

State Development Institutions in the System of Innovation Cooperation: Asian Countries Experience

In modern conditions, the main direction of the technological policy of the Russian Federation is to ensure technological sovereignty. The creation of critical and end-to-end technologies of proper development and production of goods, works and services based thereon is possible only in the conditions of integration and cooperation of research and production and technical activities. The functioning of the innovation cooperation system is impossible without the direct participation of state development institutions that perform an organizing role, ensure the creation and development of infrastructure.The paper analyzes the activities of state development institutions in Asian countries (the People’s Republic of China, Japan, the Republic of India, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Singapore), their functions, including ensuring the commercialization of scientific research and technology transfer. The experience of building a system of innovation cooperation of these countries is of direct interest, firstly, due to the existence of developed economic relations between the Russian Federation and a number of analyzed countries, and secondly, because it was the Asian countries that managed to make a technological breakthrough in a fairly short time.The analysis showed that state development institutions in the analyzed countries are created as state-owned companies subordinate to government structures and perform functions for the implementation of state strategies for scientific and technological development. The activities of the institutions under consideration depend on the level of economic development and the chosen type (nature) of technological modernization. State development institutions are holdings, while there is a tendency to merge and consolidate them. However, the reforms carried out by states do not always have positive results.