Технологический суверенитет России: понятие, измерение, возможность достижения

Abstract

Geopolitical tensions, sanction conflicts, and efforts to combat the COVID-19 pandemic are amplifying the trends of deglobalization in the global economy. In response, governments of various nations and regional alliances have initiated comprehensive programs aimed at revitalizing their domestic industries and bolstering their technological independence. Despite the widespread pursuit of technological sovereignty as a strategic objective in government policies, this concept remains somewhat ambiguous and lacks clear criteria for measurement. In the contemporary context, technological sovereignty extends beyond just the development of technology; it encompasses the deployment of these technologies within national enterprises and the subsequent production of competitive goods, at the very least for domestic markets. The various methods for assessing the level of technological sovereignty can be categorized into three groups: composite indices, multi-criteria evaluations without aggregation, and individual indicators. Composite indices often face challenges when combining diverse metrics, while simpler indicators, such as foreign trade statistics or patent activity, only capture specific facets of the evaluation. Multi-criteria approach without aggregation appear to offer a more objective assessment. This study conducted a dynamic analysis of the balance between domestically sourced and imported advanced production technologies utilized by Russian enterprises, examining the share of foreign value-added in final consumption and the proportion of domestically manufactured products in the market across major sectors of the Russian manufacturing industry. The results of these calculations indicate indications of strengthening technological sovereignty, particularly in the pharmaceutical and metallurgical sectors. Sectors with relatively lower levels of technological sovereignty include machinery manufacturing, electronics, and the textile industry.