Technological Change Research Articles

Re-examining the compatibility of US fair use with Korean copyright law: challenges and suggestions for Korean fair use

Abstract Korea introduced the fair use provision into the Korean Copyright Act following the model of the US system. Despite its adoption into the Korean Copyright Act, it has not been significantly relied upon by the courts of Korea. This article asserts that strong and robust fair use is crucial for achieving the objectives of Korean copyright law, which is a cultivating culture through copyright protection and facilitating the fair use of copyrighted works. Particularly important in the digital era, fair use serves as a pivotal tool for adapting the copyright system to rapid technological changes. Taking a legal transplant theory perspective, this paper evaluates the process of transplanting US fair use into Korean copyright law. It contends that the oversight of essential considerations during this process has led to a lack of balance between certainty and flexibility in Korean fair use. Following this analysis, this article offers recommendations to refine Korean fair use within the context of successful legal transplants. These recommendations will cover legislative revision, the roles of the courts and the involvement of legal experts to enhance legal certainty, ensure appropriate flexibility, and ultimately, promote the widespread use of Korean fair use.

Potentials and Challenges of Digit(al)isation and Convergence of Television in Bosnia and Herzegovina

This study explores the impact of digit(al)isation and convergence on television in Bosnia and Herzegovina, considering the fact that the digital revolution, sparked by the proliferation of advanced digital technologies, has brought significant changes to the media sphere. One of the key phenomena in contemporary media is media convergence, a multi-meaning concept influencing various stakeholders in the media landscape – media owners, management, journalists, editors, advertisers, and audiences. Qualitative research was conducted in this study, through semi-structured in-depth interviews (N=27) with management, journalists, and editors from Bosnian Herzegovinian TV stations (N=15). The aim of the study is to understand how media professionals navigate digital/convergent circumstances and which advantages and challenges they identify. Based on this research, it can be concluded that media professionals recognise the significance of quality content in the media (irrespective of technological changes), as well as the importance of collaborative effort that underscores shared responsibility to uphold standards and excellence within the dynamic digital media landscape.

Exploring the Penetration of Traditional Cultural Elements in Film Art

Film is a typical cultural product, which can not only create huge economic benefits for the society, but also fully demonstrate the artistic aesthetic effect, and its vivid communication content and image expression have a profound impact on the values of the general public. With the change of science and technology, the infiltration of traditional cultural elements in film art can provide the public with attractive cultural forms, so it is necessary to systematically summarize the manifestations of traditional cultural elements, and then find a strategy to effectively penetrate traditional cultural elements in film art, which is only for the reference and analysis of industry insiders.

Probiotics and the physiological & biological aspects of probiotic microorganisms

Since ancient times, food fermentation has been practiced and evolved via changes in substrates, procedures, and technology. Microbial culture is performed using techniques such as enrichment and back-slopping to improve the organoleptic quality, nutrient availability, and storage life of food. In many cases, this also adds healthy microorganisms to the consumer’s diet. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), many of which are known to have probiotic properties, are among the principal groups of microbes employed in conventional and industrial cereal fermentation, followed by yeast and mold. The end products of Probiotic products must contain viable cells 108 to 109 cfu/ml. Probiotic products may be used to increase the health of plants, animals, humans, and also soils at certain limits. LAB converts cholesterol to coprostanol. They help to remove aflatoxins from foods and reform the antinutritional elements’ bioavailability. They become a good indicator before disease development. Here, we scrutinized all the general possible probiotic microflora presence, their compositions, and possible concentrations for use in various applications.

Advances in the Understanding of Postharvest Physiological Changes and the Storage and Preservation of Pitaya.

Highly prized for its unique taste and appearance, pitaya is a tasty, low-calorie fruit. It has a high-water content, a high metabolism, and a high susceptibility to pathogens, resulting in an irreversible process of tissue degeneration or quality degradation and eventual loss of commercial value, leading to economic loss. High quality fruits are a key guarantee for the healthy development of economic advantages. However, the understanding of postharvest conservation technology and the regulation of maturation, and senescence of pitaya are lacking. To better understand the means of postharvest storage of pitaya, extend the shelf life of pitaya fruit and prospect the postharvest storage technology, this paper analyzes and compares the postharvest quality changes of pitaya fruit, preservation technology, and senescence regulation mechanisms. This study provides research directions for the development of postharvest storage and preservation technology.

PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT IN PUPILS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN FIVE SELECTED PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS OF KALAMBA SUBCOUNTY BUTAMBALA DISTRICT, UGANDA. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess Parental involvement and Pupils' academic performance in five selected public primary schools of Kalamba sub-county Butambala district. Methodology: The study used a cross-sectional survey design where purposive sampling of 5 government aided and 5 out of 10 in Kalamba sub-county, as well as the intact classes of pupils from primary five to Seven taking four major subjects as per the Uganda National Examination Board guidelines, were included in the study. Thus 425 pupils and 45 teachers participated in the study. Questionnaires with close-ended and structured items were used to collect data on parental involvement. Results: The study enrolled 208 males and 262 females aged 18 and above. Findings revealed that parental involvement is low in pupils' academic performance and the relationship between parental involvement and pupils’ academic performance is significant. Close analysis reveals that all three concepts of parental involvement, namely, parent-pupil interaction, parent-moral guidance, and parent-teacher interaction, had positive r-values that are 0.145, 0.198, and 0.118. Conclusions: Due to social, political, technological, and economic changes in Uganda, in some parts of Uganda, some parents have abandoned their roles towards their children, many of them do not interact with them, morally guide them, and not interact with their teachers; that pupils in primary schools in Kalamba sub county Butambala district generally do not perform well academically and that academic achievement of the learner depends on many factors, Parental involvement is among these factors. The higher the Parental involvement, the higher the possibility of the pupils getting good results and vice versa. Recommendations: There is a need for parents in Kalamba sub-county to give enough time for their children to get highly involved with them, monitor them, guide them morally, interact with teachers, and support them financially and academically.

Role of technology enhanced assessment in medical and dental education: A scoping review

Background: Evolving innovative, feasible and cost effective technology related with teaching and learning in context of recent COVID-19 pandemic has led the medical educationists to think about its increased use in the assessment process. Need of the hour is to develop and establish a framework in our institutions for technology enhanced assessment (TEA) efficiently. European countries were using the e- assessment before the COVID-19 pandemic so their education system was less disturbed by it as compared to the Asian countries like Pakistan. TEA can be done with a number of tools and mobile phone technology, learning management systems (LMS) and social media have played remarkable role in this regard. The objective of this scoping review was to find best practice regarding the use of TEA in context of COVID-19 pandemic according to the Best Evidence Medical Education (BEME) principles. Methods: Databases which were searched were Google Scholar, Educational Resource Information System (ERIC), Cochrane library and ScienceDirect (Elsevier). The key words and phrases which we used for search were "TEA", "Online assessment", "assessment in context of COVID-19", "Role of TEA", "Advantages and disadvantages of TEA". 1252 articles were retrieved after screening total searched articles by Mendeley software. These articles were then assessed according to the eligibility criteria and 84 articles were selected out of which finally 12 articles were included in this scoping review after assessment of quality by Qualsyst appraisal tool. Data was extracted by using data extraction form which was synthesized to create the themes by axial coding. Results: After synthesis of data following themes were identified describing the TEA. What is TEA, role of TEA. Advantages and disadvantages of TEA, measurement and implementation issues in TEA. Prime benefit of TEA is its potential to foster learning by its ability to deliver vast variety of test formats in high fidelity virtual reality situations and by providing feedback after formative assessment using number of digital tools. Major issues related to TEA are cheating, validity, quality and security of test materials. Conclusion: E-assessment tools were already being used in European countries with the intent to improve the teaching and learning activities but after the COVID-19 pandemic it became the necessity. TEA has extreme potential for improving the learning and assessment process especially in context of current COVID-19 pandemic if the available technology is used efficiently. Implementation of TEA in place of conventional assessment should be tailored according to the local requirements and context. Finally the word of caution is to be prepared to address the issues of validity, quality, cheating and security of test materials connected with this technological change.

The Growing Role of Digital Health Tools in the Care of Patients with Cancer: Current Use, Future Opportunities, and Barriers to Effective Implementation.

This article aims to describe the ways in which digital health technologies are currently being used to improve the delivery of cancer care, highlight opportunities to expand their use, and discuss barriers to effective and equitable implementation. The utilization of digital health tools and development of novel care delivery models that leverage such tools is expanding. Recent studies have shown feasibility and increased implementation in the setting of oncologic care. With technological advances and key policy changes, utilization of digital health tools has greatly increased over the past two decades and transformed how cancer care is delivered. As digital health tools are expanded and refined, there is potential for improved access to and quality and efficiency of cancer care. However, careful consideration should be given to key barriers of digital health tool adoption, such as infrastructural, patient-level, and health systems-level challenges, to ensure equitable access to care and improvement in health outcomes.

Forming professional reliability of railway power supply specialists

The high level of technological, technical, logistics, organizational and economic changes occurring in the railway industry determines the trajectory of development of professional training of specialists. The priority of safety issues in the context of the complex influence of occupational risks actualizes the scientific understanding of the problem associated with the substantiation of effective characteristics that allow one to withstand the cumulative influence of occupational risks, effectively develop in the professional community, maintaining a stable equilibrium state of the “man – technology – production environment” system. Analysis of research and methodological literature, experience of professional applied physical training at railway universities of the Russian Federation made it possible to identify areas of research aimed at bringing the indicators of psychophysical fitness of specialists into line with the conditions for the implementation of their professional activities. In the structure of professional competence of railway transport specialists, researchers highlight readiness for professional activity. At the same time, in today’s rapidly changing conditions of the professional world, it is necessary to form not only the current (basic) professionally significant qualities of a future specialist, but also to create conditions for the development of potential professional abilities, which will allow effectively confronting risk situations and ensuring the formation of self-regulation mechanisms. The quality that ensures the mobilization and activation of available funds, reserves, sources to achieve set goals, solve problems, and unlock opportunities in a certain area is reliability. In the article it is shown that convergence of play with learning determines the developmental effect of the game method. The complex nature of the gaming method allows to form indicators in the structure of professional reliability of railway power supply specialists.

Old by obsolescence: The paradox of aging in the digital era.

Geroscience and philosophy of aging have tended to focus their analyses on the biological and chronological dimensions of aging. Namely, one ages with the passage of time and by experiencing the cellular-molecular deterioration that accompanies this process. However, our concept of aging depends decisively on the social valuations held about it. In this article, we will argue that, if we study social aging in the contemporary world, a novel phenomenon can be identified: the paradox of aging in the digital era. If the social understanding of aging today is linked to unproductivity and obsolescence; then there is a possibility that, given the pace of change of digital technologies, we become obsolete at an early chronological and biological age, andtherefore, feel old at a younger age. First, we will present the social dimension of aging based on Rowe and Kahn's model of successful aging. We will also show that their notion of social aging hardly considers structural aspects and weakens their approach. Second, departing from social aging in its structural sense, we will develop the paradox of aging in the digital era. On the one hand, we will explain how the institutionalization of aging has occurred in modern societies and how it is anchored in the concepts of obsolescence and productivity. On the other hand, we will state the kind of obsolescence that digitalization produces and argue that it can make cohorts of biologically and chronologically young individuals obsolete, and thus they would be personally and socially perceived as old.

The Influence of Technology Readiness, Strategic Leadership, and Organizational Change on Organizational Performance in the Indonesian Navy

Purpose – This research aims to analyze the influence of Technology Readiness, Strategic Leadership, and Organizational Change on Organizational Performance mediated by Competency Development in the Indonesian Navy. Methodology/approach –This research method used quantitative approach, tested using Structural. Equation Modelling-Analysis of Moment Structures (SEM-AMOS). The sampling method uses nonprobability sampling with a subjective sampling procedure or sampling using a purposive sampling technique, by taking data from 330 Indonesian Navy officers who served for a minimum 5 years in the Indonesian Navy. Findings – The findings in this research there is positive influence of Technology Readiness on Organizational Performance, Strategic Leadership on Competency Development, Organizational Change on Organizational Performance, Organizational Change on Competency Development, Competency Development on Organizational Performance, and Organizational Change on Organizational Performance which is mediated by Competency Development. Novelty/value –The TNI AL (Indonesian Navy) organization tries to adapt to technological developments and changes in the strategic environment by making changes to its organization. Effective organizational change correlates with better organizational performance. Apart from that, a positive influence founded between Organizational Change on Organizational Performance which mediated by Competency Development. Organizational Change as a form of organizational adaptation, if followed by appropriate Competency Development policies, will encourage the enhancement of Indonesian Navy (TNI-AL) Organizational Performance.

Analysis of the Development of Green Logistics Based on Blockchain

There has been a wave of technological change and industrial transformation at home and abroad, and blockchain technology has played a non-negligible role in the change. "Blockchain + logistics" has become a hot topic in society. Blockchain technology is a typical decentralized technology, which can effectively make up for the weak links in the logistics industry, so as to provide strong technical support for the development of green logistics. Therefore, this article analyzes the development of blockchain in green logistics, and discusses them one by one from the aspects of transportation, distribution, recycling logistics, and supply chain.

Effect of Organizational Support in Terms of Training, Autonomy, and Technology on Work Engagement at Private Universities in Bangkok, Thailand

With rapid changes in technology, working styles in universities have also changed from traditional face-to-face to online and hybrid teaching. This study focused on the work engagement of faculty and staff at three private universities in Bangkok. The focus of the investigation was on how organizational support, in terms of training, autonomy, and technology, influenced the work engagement of faculty and staff in adopting new working styles. A self-administered questionnaire was used in the study. Valid questionnaire responses (N = 329) received were subjected to ordinal linear regression analysis. The results obtained indicated that organizational support in terms of training, autonomy, and technology was positively associated with work engagement (p = .009, .009, and .000 respectively). It is suggested that the universities need to provide sufficient training, autonomy, and technological know-how to their faculty and staff to help them transition to new ways of working smoothly. Finally, some managerial implications arising from the study are provided.

Evolution and Development of Artificial Intelligence Interpretation Technology in the Age of Large-scale Language Models

With the continuous development of artificial intelligence technology, large-scale language models have become an important breakthrough in the field of interpreting intelligence technology, and the interpreting profession is facing unprecedented technological changes; Through reviewing the relevant research background, it was found that the rise of large models has brought new opportunities and challenges to the development of artificial intelligence interpreting technology; Firstly, the language generation ability of the large model is powerful, which can achieve more accurate and natural interpretation and translation results. Secondly, large models have strong learning abilities and can continuously optimize the performance of interpretation systems through large-scale data training. In addition, the large model also has the characteristic of fast response, which can provide efficient interpretation services in real-time scenarios; The age of large models provides new opportunities and prospects for the transformation and development of artificial intelligence interpretation technology. In the future, with the continuous evolution of large model technology and the expansion of application scenarios, artificial intelligence interpretation technology is expected to play a more important role in cross language communication, international cooperation, and other aspects. However, attention should also be paid to the application limitations of large models and issues such as collaboration with human translators.

Analysing lexical semantic changes in chinese educational texts by integrating machine learning methods

Analyzing Lexical Semantic Changes (LSC) in Educational Texts (ET) refers to examining how the meanings of words, terms, or phrases used in ET have evolved. It involves learning shifts in the semantic content, connotations, and language associations within educational resources such as textbooks, research articles, and instructional content. The analysis can reveal how educational models, pedagogical methods, and terminology have transformed in response to technological innovations, societal changes, and pedagogical developments. This analysis provides visions into the dynamic nature of educational discourse, helping researchers, educators, and policymakers understand how language has adapted to reflect changes in educational paradigms and the broader educational context. This research investigates the semantic analysis and classification performance within ET, employing the innovative Decision Tree + Feed Forward Neural Networks (DT + FFNNs) framework. This research shows the dynamic semantic relationships inherent in educational terminology by diverse semantic similarity measures and contextualized embeddings. It looks at how educational language changes to reflect changes in society, technology, and pedagogy. The study uses a DT + FFNN framework for semantic analysis and classification. The study uses several embeddings and semantic similarity metrics, and Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient (SCC) is employed to evaluate their effectiveness. This study highlights the DT + FFNN framework’s capacity to capture complex semantics in an educational setting and offers insights into the adaptive nature of educational discourse. SCC serves as a guiding metric, offering insights into the efficiency of several embeddings and measures. The findings show the pivotal role of fine-tuning in significantly enhancing the accuracy of DT + FFNNs across measures, revealing its remarkable potential in capturing semantics within an educational context.

Adaptive, Sociable and Ready for Anything: Undergraduate Students Are Resilient When Faced with Technological Change

Attending university is an important time for many young people's social lives. But changes are afoot with new innovative digital higher-education experiences being built, shifting students' social lives further online. However, it is unclear how a longer-term shift to a digital university ecosystem will impact students and their social relations and how current technologies could amplify their social experience. We report a focus group study investigating the impact of a primarily digital university experience on the social relationships of incoming undergraduates. In line with existing research, we demonstrate how technology-mediated communications can benefit some aspects of students' social relations and less so for others. Our novel contribution is evidence of students' remarkable adaptiveness when facing an online-only university experience. Crucially, our participants identified and utilised the nuances of different online platforms to start and maintain new relationships. This way, they preserved their ability to nurture social relationships, even when dealing with an unexpected learning environment. We provide design recommendations for future metaversities and discuss students' resilience in sustaining personal relationships that can inform online-centric university models.

Environmental Taxation and Sustainable Development in Digital Pollution in México

Environmental taxation represents an opportunity to encourage technological changes between society and the government, to avoid damage to climate change. The main objective of this work is to contribute to the care of the environment through environmental education, although environmental taxes represent an opportunity to reduce pollution, and some countries are committed to labeling environmental taxes, it would give them greater transparency about the destination of that money raised. Digital pollution has been increasing in recent years, and as a result of the global confinement and isolation of the COVID-19 pandemic, so the UN 2030 Agenda represents a great opportunity to analyze the importance of implementing a fiscal policy environment as a basis for the development of all countries in the care of the environment and sustainable development. The synthetic method was used to analyze the different bibliography in addition to the analytical and documentary method of the proposals of International Organizations and Mexican Laws on the environment. Green taxes must be on the agenda, their implementation and evaluation by governments that translate into federal, state and municipal public policies to advance care for the environment in the future.

Assessing the Impact of Blockchain Technology on Financial Reporting and Audit Practices

The significant influence of blockchain technology on contemporary financial reporting and auditing procedures is examined in this paper. The rapid spread of blockchain technology brought about a new era in financial data management, which can completely transform the accounting ecosystem's efficiency, security, and transparency. This study explores the various ramifications of blockchain adoption in accounting, concentrating on how it affects regulatory compliance, audit trail integrity, cost-effectiveness, smart contracts, and financial reporting accuracy. This study aims to clarify blockchain technology's advantages and challenges to accounting professionals, regulators, and auditors by analyzing its disruptive potential. With the help of growing regulatory frameworks and real-world use examples, it offers a thorough grasp of how financial reporting and auditing processes are changing in the blockchain era. The study also emphasizes the significance of understanding how blockchain technology changes traditional accounting practices as more companies incorporate it into their financial operations. It draws attention to the benefits of blockchain technology. Also, it emphasizes the need for flexibility and compliance with legal requirements to fully realize its potential in the fields of audit assurance and financial reporting. This investigation allowed us to provide accounting managers, professionals, policymakers, and other stakeholders with priceless knowledge of the potential for blockchain technology to revolutionize the accounting industry.

Heinrich Event 2 (ca. 24 ka BP) as a chrono-climatic anchor for the appearance of Epipaleolithic backed bladelets microlith industries in the Southern Levant

The Early Epipaleolithic (EEP) of the Southern Levant, roughly dated to 25-18 ka BP, is characterized by microlithic industries with highly variable synchronic and geographic techno-typological characteristics, the chronology of which remains poorly understood.Here, we present the results from excavations at Idan VII, a well-preserved site amongst a cluster of newly discovered EEP occurrences in the hyper-arid Arava Valley, Israel. The finds are embedded within the Late Pleistocene Lisan Formation lacustrine sediments, an extensively studied paleo-hydroclimatic archive in the Rift Valley. This unique situation enables contextualization of the archaeological finds within the detailed paleo-climatic chronology.The data presented include the stratigraphy (geomorphology and micro-geoarchaeology), relative (related to paleo-lake curve) and absolute (radiocarbon and U–Th) chronology, and archaeological (lithics, faunal and botanical) remains. The results demonstrate that the Idan EEP occurrences are situated within a localized relatively short-lived paleo-wetland area adjacent to Lake Lisan, during or immediately after the extremely cool and locally dry Heinrich Event 2 (H2), ca. 24 ka BP.The results are critically examined with respect to available radiocarbon dates from EEP archaeological sites in the Southern Levant. These, together with the geomorphological evidence, indicate that the Idan VII assemblage, while superficially resembling the so-called ‘Late Kebaran’ industry, actually significantly predates its most pertinent techno-typological analogs, highlighting the necessity of re-evaluating the “Kebaran complex”. Rather, it is coeval with the local, but unrelated ‘Masraqan’ and ‘Nebekian’ industries at the very onset of the EEP, demonstrating the high degree of Last Glacial Maximum hunter-gatherer cultural diversity then present in the Levant.In contextualizing the results within the Northern Hemisphere chrono-climatic framework, we conclude that within the Southern Levant, the H2 provides a solid chrono-climatic anchor for the appearance of fully-fledged backed bladelets microlithic industries, which probably reflects a technological change in composite projectile hunting gear that occurred during the EEP.

Environmental regulation, outward foreign direct investment, and China’s green total factor productivity

AbstractIncreasing green total factor productivity (GTFP) is currently the primary goal of sustainable development worldwide. GTFP not only reflects the efficiency of economic expansion but also encompasses resource consumption and pollution. This research enhances the current understanding of GTFP by indicating that aside from reverse technology spillovers, labor mobility, and changes in industrial structure, additional factors, such as environmental regulations, exert a dynamic function in shaping the influence of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) on the GTFP of the home nation. The empirical findings indicate that OFDI has a single threshold effect on GTFP, and the negative effect increases with the reinforcing of environmental control. The main impact comes from home country’s changes in green technology (GTC) rather than changes in green efficiency. Additionally, environmental regulation has a positive moderating effect on OFDI, the moderating effect of environmental regulation in western regions is more pronounced in promoting the home country’s GTC. It is imperative to take into account regional variations and devise distinct policies for eastern, central, and western regions.