Technological Backwardness Research Articles

International business in the technology transfer system

Methods. The following methods were used during the research: analysis and synthesis – to find out the characteristic features and forms of international business; scientific abstraction – when defining the essence of technoglobalism; induction and deduction – to determine the causes and forms of manifestation of technical and technological unevenness of the world economy; general and specific – when clarifying the specifics of technology transfer in the conditions of globalization. Results. The characteristic features and forms of international business are analyzed, the latest trends in its development under the influence of globalization processes are shown. The essence of technoglobalism is revealed as one of the objective forms of manifestation of complex, multifaceted and contradictory relations of globalization. The characteristic features of the technical and technological unevenness of the development of world civilization are analyzed, the reasons and forms of its manifestation are shown. The specifics of technology transfer in the conditions of increased international competition are clarified, the role of large international business in the implementation of technological leadership strategies of national economies is revealed. The need for scientific and technical cooperation of Ukraine with international partners in order to overcome the technological backwardness of the Ukrainian economy is substantiated. Novelty. The latest trends in the development of international business under the influence of globalization processes are shown. The latest trends of technology transfer in the conditions of increased international competition are analyzed. Practical value. The results of the study have theoretical and practical value, as they allow taking into account the role of international business in the process of forming scientific and technical programs for the development of society.

North Korea’s Cyber Capabilities and Their Implications for International Security

North Korea’s economic and technological backwardness does not seem to allow Pyongyang to possess proficient cyberwarfare capabilities. Yet, North Korea’s cyber offensive capabilities are a major security threat in a new convergence space called the cyber–physical space (CPS) that connects the real world and the virtual world. How has North Korea become a formidable actor in the CPS, despite economic and technological disadvantages? Put differently, what makes North Korea a global cyber power despite its disconnect from international society? What are North Korea’s motivations behind strengthening its cyber capabilities in recent decades and what implications do these hold for international security? The primary objective of this article is to examine North Korea’s motivations for strengthening its cyber capabilities and analyze their implications for the sustainability of stability and peace on the Korean peninsula and beyond. By investigating the exemplary cases of North Korea’s recent cyberattacks, it seeks to explore the effective ways to manage the risks that North Korea’s enhanced cyber proficiencies pose in the current and future CPS.

Improving the Investment Policy of Countries with a Transit Economy: the Experience of Kazakhstan

The relevance of the study is determined by fact that Kazakhstan faces difficult tasks to ensure sustainable economic growth, the solution largely depends on investment policy. Since the key feature of the country’s economy is a high level of technological heterogeneity, new industrial policy, implemented in the country since 2010, is designed to eliminate the technological backwardness of industries, ensure the renewal of capital, and create new points of innovation and investment growth. The purpose of the article is to identify the main problems of the investment policy of Kazakhstan, based on the analysis of its generalized indicators, and to formulate the directions for its improvement in the medium term. Following global trends, Kazakhstan is entering the stage of the fourth energy transition to the use of renewable energy sources. However, the continued dependence of the country’s economy on energy leads to the fact that the decline in prices for raw materials in the world markets reduces the competitive position of mining enterprises in the world market. In light of the above and given that the field of renewable energy sources will become the most attractive investment area in the foreseeable future, the authors emphasize the importance of structural measures to improve the investment environment for attracting foreign capital and advanced technologies to the development of alternative energy. In the context of the increasing complexity of national industries, the considered experience of Kazakhstan in improving investment policy can be useful for an in-depth study of transformational transformations in countries with a transitional economy.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ІНТЕГРОВАНИХ БІЗНЕС-ГРУП В УКРАЇНІ ЯК ФОРМА ПРОЯВУ НОВИХ ІНСТИТУЦІЙНИХ СТРУКТУР

The article seeks to address contemporary challenges in developing integrated business structures associated with the need to upgrade and innovate most important industries, provide industrial restructuring, and reduce technological backwardness and attain high-tech manufacturing growth. An emphasis is put on the critical significance of modernization in gaining a competitive edge of the national economy that will enhance Ukraine’s positions in a modern globalized world. This study employs a wide range of various research tools, in particular, methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization and comparison – to determine the nature, economic content, structural elements and drivers affecting the process of integrated business structure development in Ukraine; structural and functional analysis – to identify relevant institutional structures; as well as integrated assessment techniques – to explore international best practice in building integrated business units. Given the current trends and the specifics, it is argued that company development within a business group model spurs continuous improvement and innovation to meet market digitalization demands. The findings reveal the key aspects in developing integrated business groups as a new type of institutional structures in Ukraine. The study also focuses on the goals of their further development to implement transformational changes along with considering a number of factors affecting the nature of enterprise reorganizations and restructuring in the frameworks of their integration into business groups. Within the scope of this research, integrated business groups are viewed as a driving force in boosting Ukraine's economic development. The study suggests that the government industrial and antitrust policies should actively promote integrated business group models, including the international ones, as long as corporate and national interests are reconciled. It is reported that integrated business groups account for 15% of the total industrial output, respectively, integrated business groups are mesoeconomic entities representing a new type of a social institution that attempts to forecast supply and demand in a particular world market segment and implements its predictive outcomes through big innovations.

СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН КОНКУРЕНТНОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ТРАНСНАЦІОНАЛЬНИХ БАНКІВ В США ТА КИТАЮ

The article analyzes transnational banks as the main subjects of the international financial system in the United States of America and the People’s Republic of China, investigates the trends of TNB functioning in the context of the chal- lenges of globalization processes, as well as the impact of their functioning on the world economy as a whole. To date, transnational banks have become the driver of the global financial sphere of activity, without which the majority of transactions are indispensable. In particular, the article presents the main merger and acquisition agreements of Chinese banks in foreign markets for the years 2002–2021, as well as an analysis of the current state of leading American financial companies and the peculiarities of the activities of these subjects of the international system of relations as a result of the pandemic, namely how the behaviour has changed banks and their transition to non-traditional activities. The largest global banks in recent years were also singled out and the reasons for the growth in demand for them were identified. For the past few years, the People’s Republic of China and the United States of America have been fighting for leadership in the economic race. Currently, it is impossible to unanimously assert the victory of one country over another, as their confrontation is only intensifying daily. China’s last chance to win this century’s economic race is to overcome its most significant weakness – technological backwardness and dependence on the US. Therefore, Beijing: 1) constantly increases investments in scientific developments – R&D. This has already borne fruit in the form of an increase in scientific publications and Chinese patents; 2) encourages young people to study applied sciences – the PRC is ahead of the USA in terms of the number of engineers; 3) comprehensively develops the creativity of people and their potential. America currently surpasses China: 1) in creating new technologies; 2) in terms of nominal GDP per capita – six times; 3) in the hegemony of the dollar as a global currency; 4) in better development of human capital; 5) higher labour productivity, organization and efficiency of investments. But the US has faced serious internal challenges, the strengthening of which endangers the stability and further development of America. The main issue is the socio-economic development of the country and the reduction of economic inequality.

Development of China's space program in the geopolitical region of the Asia-Pacific

The entire world watched the space race between the USSR and the USA in the 20th century. Many countries have increased their scientific potential and developed their own space strategies. China, due to its technological backwardness, could not claim the role of a full-fledged space power. The Cultural Revolution in China put numerous space projects in stagnation. When Deng Xiaoping took office in 1978, the country revived the development of sciences and technologies; the restoration of the space program began. The country's leadership believed that peace and development were the main tasks that guided countries and communities. The article analyzes the functioning of China's space program in the Asian-Pacific geopolitical region. The paper is based on a wide range of sources, which made it possible to identify China's space program’s features: China had to go through the main stages of space industry development in a shorter time frame, compared with the predecessor countries; the need for China to ensure security from non-traditional types of threats, including space threats, contributed to the activation of scientific and technical developments in this field.

Научно-технический потенциал регионов как основа технологической независимости РФ

Ensuring technological independence is one of the key challenges for modern Russia. Solution of this problem requires the consideration of the development of the scientific and technical capacity of Russian regions. The study aims to establish theoretical and methodological bases of the scientific and technical capacity of Russian regions as the foundation for technological independence. To this end, the following tasks were set: to present the definition of the scientific and technical capacity of regions; to create a methodology for managing capacity building; to develop methodological approaches to increase the ability of the scientific and technical capacity of regions to solve the problems of technological independence. The research used statistical data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Federal Customs Service of Russia, Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), and other sources. Analysis of the import dependence of the Russian Federation shows that the rate of coverage of imports by exports for the majority of high-tech goods does not exceed 5–10 %. The genesis of the concept of the scientific and technical capacity of regions was examined taking into account the innovation theory and changes in knowledge flows in the context of the digital society. The study identified barriers to the development of the scientific and technical capacity of Russian regions: technological backwardness and financial instability of the high-tech sector, low willingness to update, imbalance in the structure of the scientific and technical capacity, etc. A methodology for overcoming these barriers based on an integrated approach to regional innovation processes was presented. Additionally, a methodological approach to enhancing the interaction between science and business relying on the open innovation model was proposed. Calculations performed using the hierarchical cluster analysis revealed a group of the most promising regions for the establishment of innovative development centres. Three clusters were identified (in descending order of priority): leading (4 constituent entities), advanced (6 constituent entities) and developed (3 constituent entities) regions. The obtained results can be used to manage regional scientific and technological development and create the methodology for innovative transformation of the Russian economy.

СТРАТЕГІЧНІ МЕХАНІЗМИ ПОВОЄННОЇ РОЗБУДОВИ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ: ГАЛУЗЕВИЙ ТА РЕГІОНАЛЬНИЙ КОНТЕКСТ

The problem of maintaining the effectiveness of industrial policy is one of the most important not only in Ukraine, but also in most countries of the world. It is emphasized that the development of structural and fundamental factors should focus on the formation of promising competitive advantages based on knowledge and technologies, which will allow changing the structure of the national economy, overcoming its technological backwardness. Such branches of industry as machine building, iron ore and metallurgical industry, chemical and pharmaceutical industry, as well as a modern and powerful military-industrial complex should become strategically important for the national economy in the post-war period. It is emphasized that mechanical engineering in industrial policy needs special attention from the state, as this branch is a powerful moderator of the development of the entire economy of the country, creates a long economic chain of added value. The concept of smart specialization is relevant for implementation, which has an economic basis with a focus on regions through the identification of factors that can influence economic, scientific, and technological specialization within the framework of regional policy or within the framework of their impact on the mechanism of productivity, competitiveness, and economic growth. The problems of Donetsk and Luhansk regions – a region that needs modernization based on an innovative development model, sustainable development of territorial communities, stimulation of entrepreneurial activity, and strengthening of interregional ties – are considered. The reconstruction program should also focus on the restoration of industrial production with the mass introduction of new technologies and provide for the use of special tools for the restoration and modernization of industry, as a key area for generating the flow of income and increasing the employment of the population. Also, for a country that is rebuilding after the war, it is important to monitor and control financial flows aimed at the development of industry, in order to avoid the concentration of funds in the hands of one corporation or firm that will only care about its own profits.

Digitalization of Latin America’s transport and logistics industry within the «Industry 4.0» concept (4IR)

The issue of innovative development of Latin American countries in the paradigm of «Industry 4.0» is currently most acute. The article analyzes the main stages of development and modernization of digital solutions in the transport and logistics services. Due to the significant technological backwardness of the Latin America from other macroe-conomic regions and pronounced cross-country differentiation within the Latin American region itself, the need to introduce digitalization systems has become a priority at the government level. The significant fragmentation of digitalization within the transport and logistics industry of the Latin American region itself is also an important subject of present research. The article describes the main strategic advantages that are possible due to the digitalization: reduction of transport costs, formation of additional budget revenues, ensuring full control of the production and sales cycle, optimization of human resources, reduction of anthropogenic factors in the organization of transport and ware-house operations. Integration of digital solutions is a factor of economic well-being and a condition for technological and innovative survival. Cooperation between Latin American countries and the Russian side through the implementation of digital technologies, also in the segment of road cargo transportation, as well as public transport and improving road safety and speed control, seems very promising. This will strengthen Russia's bilateral cooperation with Latin American countries in the field of technological research and innovation, and indirectly strengthen their digital independence.

Проблемы и перспективы развития НИО.2 в рамках шестого технологического уклада

The paper analyzes the process of the natural transition of the world economy from the fifth technological paradigm to the sixth one in the 2020s. It is shown that, by analogy with the periods of transition from the fourth technological paradigm to the fifth one in the 1970s, and from the third technological paradigm to the fourth one in the 1920s, the expected decline in economic activity, which has already manifested itself in the global economic crisis of the 2020s-2021s, is observed in the 2020s. It is noted that the traditional decline in economic activity in the extractive and processing industries, which takes place in the transition phase, is currently aggravated by the imminent global financial crisis, which is a consequence of a large-scale separation of the global money supply from the global commodity supply. And the resolution of this crisis is a matter of the near future (the next few years). It has been found that it is a huge surplus of unsecured financial resources (a global financial “bubble”) that makes a significant contribution to the slowdown of the processes of accelerating industrial technological development in the sixth technological paradigm by refocusing investors’ attention on speculative operations with cryptocurrencies and intangible assets, where the baton of the dot-com bubble has now been picked up by the set of information technologies under the banner of Industry 4.0, which was widely publicized, but never demonstrated its revolutionary economic efficiency. It has been shown that despite the fact that advanced global industrial technologies are a priority target for Western sanctions, the Russian economy continues to focus on the extractive industries developed in the framework of previous technological paradigms, the dominance of which in the national economy actually guarantees the technological backwardness of the country. Conditions have been formulated under which the prospects for the development of NIS.2 within the framework of the sixth technological paradigm in the Russian economy will be high.

Проблемы и перспективы развития НИО.2 в рамках шестого технологического уклада

The paper analyzes the process of the natural transition of the world economy from the fifth technological paradigm to the sixth one in the 2020s. It is shown that, by analogy with the periods of transition from the fourth technological paradigm to the fifth one in the 1970s, and from the third technological paradigm to the fourth one in the 1920s, the expected decline in economic activity, which has already manifested itself in the global economic crisis of the 2020s-2021s, is observed in the 2020s. It is noted that the traditional decline in economic activity in the extractive and processing industries, which takes place in the transition phase, is currently aggravated by the imminent global financial crisis, which is a consequence of a large-scale separation of the global money supply from the global commodity supply. And the resolution of this crisis is a matter of the near future (the next few years). It has been found that it is a huge surplus of unsecured financial resources (a global financial “bubble”) that makes a significant contribution to the slowdown of the processes of accelerating industrial technological development in the sixth technological paradigm by refocusing investors’ attention on speculative operations with cryptocurrencies and intangible assets, where the baton of the dot-com bubble has now been picked up by the set of information technologies under the banner of Industry 4.0, which was widely publicized, but never demonstrated its revolutionary economic efficiency. It has been shown that despite the fact that advanced global industrial technologies are a priority target for Western sanctions, the Russian economy continues to focus on the extractive industries developed in the framework of previous technological paradigms, the dominance of which in the national economy actually guarantees the technological backwardness of the country. Conditions have been formulated under which the prospects for the development of NIS.2 within the framework of the sixth technological paradigm in the Russian economy will be high

СВІТОВИЙ ДОСВІД ТА ЧИННИКИ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЕКСПОРТООРІЄНТОВАНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТУ НАУКОВОГО ПРОГРЕСУ

The purpose of this paper is to identify the essence of export-oriented enterprises’ development on macroeconomic and microeconomic levels. There are several reasons that limit companies' exports, among them: technological backwardness of industrial production, physical and moral depreciation of fixed assets, lack of modern scientific and technical base, low quality of products and much more. These reasons narrow the export opportunities of domestic enterprises and hinder the development of their export potential, affect the world market and the demand for traditionally exported goods. All this requires export development, namely the development of export-oriented industries and their diversification. The desire of domestic producers to export products to foreign countries, associated with the possibility of making a profit in foreign currency, which ensures the preservation of income in conditions of instability of the national currency. The transformation of the external environment of enterprises in the direction of increasing the weight of export activity emphasizes the necessity to identify it as a key driver of economic growth of the country as a whole, which requires deep research. The essence of the concept of export-oriented economic development and export-oriented enterprise development is considered in the article. The role and importance of export for the country's economic growth are substantiated. Various export-oriented models of development of the countries of the world are considered, by means of critical analysis the world leaders of export of goods and services and determinants of their success in the world market are determined. The priorities of development of export-oriented enterprises, as well as the role of the state in the activation of this process are determined. Stimulation of export orientation includes institutional transformations in the economy, creation of financial institutions, without which it is impossible to effectively export and develop export production, improve the banking system, develop transport and communications and other aspects that provide external effect for export activities.

УПРАВЛІНСЬКІ ТА ОБЛІКОВІ АСПЕКТИ ФОРМУВАННЯ РЕСУРСНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

The priority of the agrarian vector of development is for Ukraine not only a historical reality, but also an opportunity to occupy an important place in the system of international economic integration. This is facilitated by the powerful natural resource potential and strong historical traditions. Today, the transformational processes taking place in the modern economy lead to the restructuring of agricultural production on a new technological and socio-economic basis, which requires the formation of a more rational management mechanism, the most important component of which is fixed capital. Slowing down the development of domestic agricultural machinery in combination with unsatisfactory volumes of replacement of shortages with corresponding imports deepens the problem of technical re-equipment of the main assets of agricultural enterprises. They are often morally obsolete and physically worn out, which leads to the technological backwardness of agricultural enterprises. A natural consequence is a decrease in economic efficiency and an increase in the energy and resource intensity of both products and production as a whole. Qualitative reform of agricultural industries in the direction of their technical and technological reequipment, provided that the requirements of efficiency and increase in production productivity are taken into account, is a way to realize the existing potential of the agricultural industry, including export, and will lead agricultural producers to economic independence and stability. The purpose of the study is the scientific justification of approaches to the formation of the fixed capital of agricultural enterprises and the development of practical recommendations for increasing the efficiency of its use, as a basis for the growth of the economic potential and the effectiveness of the enterprises. The principles of regulating the process of formation and reproduction of the fixed capital of agricultural enterprises as a condition for the implementation of extended reproduction using the developed methodical approach, which is based on the adaptation of self-financing mechanisms to the modern economic conditions of agricultural enterprises of various specializations with the priority of maintaining control over the financial condition of the enterprise, are substantiated. It is proposed to systematize the indicators according to the areas of analysis of the formation and use of fixed capital and supplement them with separate indicators that specify the impact of the size of the fixed capital on the unit cost of the manufactured products and the final result of the enterprises’ activities.

Європейський зелений курс в Україні: можливості та наслідки для промисловості

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the European Green Deal (EGD) commitments, identify opportunities and threats for the development of Ukrainian industry, and elaborate proposals for the adaptation of Ukrainian producers to the requirements of the EGD. It is shown that the EGD is at the centre of the European agenda, and it is a modern challenge that can change the economy and consumption patterns not only in the European Union but throughout the world. This could have profound geopolitical implications. The authors justify that Ukraine has stable economic, social, and political ties with the EU and has been involved in new value chains with European producers, so implementing the EGD opens new opportunities for “green” transformations of the Ukrainian industry. It has been found that Ukraine should serve to implement international commitments on development. However, such compliance carries significant threats aggravated by technological backwardness and financial insecurity of industrial agents. Also, complying with Ukraine’s international commitments and other international agreements could further impede access of Ukrainian goods to the EU market by strengthening trade barriers associated with more stringent environmental requirements. It has been shown that today the level of climatic neutrality and environmental load on the environment in Ukraine does not correspond to European standards. This enhances the importance of adapting the Ukrainian industry to the requirements of the EGD. To address the shortcomings, the authors propose regulatory and institutional changes. Paper recommends developing economic incentives to save energy and primary material resources, modern waste management methods to minimize waste volumes, disseminate environmental innovations and environmentally friendly resource-efficient technologies to develop “green” business.

Sustainable Rural Development: Initiatives in Ameliorating Key Drivers of Rural Economy and Associated Challenges in Achieving SDGs in Bangladesh

After achieving significant progress in the millennium development era, Bangladesh has also embraced sustainable development goals (SDGs), and to successfully attain these goals, sustainable rural development is inevitable. Hence, the government has taken initiatives to spur rural growth by ameliorating the main drivers of the rural economy. The country has already reached its sixth year of SDG implementation, and it is a decent time to assess the direction in which SDG implementation work regarding rural development is moving because insightful lessons from the assessment help raise the efficacy of efforts over the coming years. Therefore, the Preferred Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol is proposed to investigate efforts to ameliorate the highest priority areas between 2015 and 2021 and identify challenges that call for further attention. The findings indicate that despite the last six years of public and private efforts that have significantly advanced the rural economy, the following still impedes expected outcomes: complexities in allocation and utilization of development funds, technology backwardness, coordination complexities between public and private stakeholders, lack of capacity in managing and adapting climate-related risks, unethical practice in the health and education sector, social inequalities, low digital literacy, and the dissonance among education, industry, skill, and employment sector. Based on those identified issues, this article provides possible policy and strategy recommendations.

Погляди Івана Вернадського на роль зовнішньоторговельної політики в економічному розвитку

Nowadays, the process of making effective economic decisions requires reference to the history of Ukrainian economic thought. The study of intellectual heritage and innovative ideas of prominent Ukrainian economists, among whom Ivan Vernadsky occupies an important place, will enrich the understanding of the mechanisms and ways of modern economic transformation. The purpose of the article is to analyze and generalize Ivan Vernadsky’s conceptual views on the role of foreign trade policy in economic development. The theoretical basis of this study is conceptual approaches to understanding the nature of foreign trade policy, in particular, protectionism and free trade. Systematic, comparative-historical, institutional-evolutionary, and historical-genetic analyses were used as the research methodology. The author considers Ivan Vernadsky’s conceptual approach to foreign trade as a basis for providing the country's economic leadership in the international area. The economist’s ideas on the advantages of liberal foreign trade policy, free trade, and its mutual benefits for countries are revealed. Ivan Vernadsky was a staunch opponent of restrictive foreign trade policy, which creates obstacles to the country's competitive advantages and economic progress. Attention was paid to Ivan Vernadsky's criticism of customs protectionism. According to the scientist's point of view, protectionism leads to monopolization, price rises, technical and technological backwardness of production, destabilization of foreign trade relations, etc. At the same time, one of the scientist’s merits is the formation of an innovative approach to the interpretation of protectionism as a general economic doctrine and a realistic economic policy. Ivan Vernadsky’s vision of the basics of efficient management is generalized. He creates an original theory of economic development, which can be used for selection of effective mechanisms of modern economic policy.

Peran Pendidik dalam Meningkatkan Manajemen Sekolah pada Masa Pandemi

The purpose of this study is to find out how the role of educators in improving school management is and what challenges educators can face in school management. This is so that the author as a prospective teacher can find out what role he should have when he becomes a teacher. In this article, in obtaining data the author uses a descriptive qualitative research method. Because the data in this paper describes the importance of the role of educators in improving school management during the pandemic. Poor management will affect the development of schools, especially during a pandemic like today. The factor that influences the management is the backwardness of science and technology brought about by the current of globalization which results in a school having a quality performance that lacks direction, planning, and good conditioning and organization. As is happening in Indonesia today, which is experiencing problems in the world of education during the COVID-19 pandemic. In developing schools, school management is needed which will later support success in achieving the goals that have been set, but in its development it must pay attention to the principles of school management which consist of four principles, namely Equifinality, Decentralization, Self-Management System and Human Initiative.

Key performance indicators for a sustainable recovery strategy in health-care supply chains: COVID-19 pandemic perspective

PurposeSupply chains’ (SCs’) sustainability practices and recovery strategies are attaining popularity in academia and industries to improve the resilience of the SCs and to manage large-scale disruptions. The global pandemic caused by the COVID-19 has raised the question of the sustainability of essential health-care products’ SCs of Bangladesh. It is an essential avenue for making the life of people safe and secure. Despite its importance, most of the health-care SCs in Bangladesh are struggling to meet the demand of its nation due to capacity shortage, technological backwardness of the manufacturers, delivery capacity shortages and less advanced forecasting capabilities. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the key performance indicators (KPIs) of a sustainable recovery strategy in the context of health-care SCs considering the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a dynamic method named graph theory and matrix approach to evaluate the most critical KPIs of a sustainable recovery strategy in the context of Bangladeshi health-care SCs.FindingsThe result revealed that dynamic forecasting and planning with a smooth delivery and distribution support system, production capacity diversification and having alternative or multiple suppliers during extraordinary disruptions may aid in the sustainability of the health-care SCs in Bangladesh.Originality/valueThis study is unique as no previous study has identified and examined the sustainable recovery strategy perspective KPIs considering the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of Bangladeshi health-care SCs. This study will also add value by guiding decision-makers of the health-care SCs of Bangladesh to adopt strategies toward the sustainability of SCs.

AGRIC: A quality farming

Around half of the Indian population depends on agriculture as a livelihood. Still, the share of agriculture in GDP is only 19.9% in 2020–21. This is mainly due to a lack of agricultural skills and a lack of an advisory system for farmers. Indian farmers have led to technological backwardness and a low rate of income to carry out modern agricultural activities. Agricultural information is essential for agricultural businesses.In this article, agriculture information is used in the following ways: One way is to provide livestock information and farming advice, this is one of the agricultural activities that generate economic benefits for agriculture. Another way is to provide direct interaction with the government by keeping them updated with the financial schemes available to them and the daily market prices of farm products. The final approach is to use a centralized waste collection point based on a wireless sensor network to send waste and residues from the farms to generate biogas, which may be another source of income for the farmers.

Adoption of circular economy for food waste management in the context of a developing country.

Food wastage is a global concern with high economic, social and environmental impacts. Pakistan, a developing country, is also significantly affected by the adverse impacts of food wastage. For overcoming this problem, the transition from a Linear to a Circular Economy (CE) for the management of food wastage can serve as a viable strategy. However, there are barriers of political, technical and cultural nature, which are impediments in the path of this transition. This study aims to identify and prioritize these barriers in order of their significance. This research study evaluated and ranked these barriers using a Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) technique, the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). A total of 15 barriers were analyzed, and the 'complicated intrinsic nature of CE', 'misleading information about shelf-life leading to waste rather than distribution', 'the poor economic viability of start-ups with CE model', 'corporate and organizational hesitance to change/innovate' and 'technological backwardness of farmers/growers on the agricultural production side' were ranked as the most significant hurdles. The novelty of this study lies in its application. This study is unique as it has focused on developing countries and proposed policy recommendations for the transition towards a CE. In light of the above-mentioned results, this study provides policy recommendations for public and private sector policymakers that would facilitate the food industry in shifting towards the CE model.