Technogenic Soils Research Articles

Assessment of crop production quality in case of technogenic soil contamination

The article considers the degree of arsenic, cadmium and lead contamination in soils of the municipal settlement the city of Svirsk, Irkutsk region. The responses of various types of agricultural plants to contamination by arsenic, cadmium and lead and their accumulation in green mass and fruits is presented. All cultivated plants accumulate arsenic, cadmium and lead, their content exceeds the maximum available concentration (MPC) and cannot be used for food production, as well as for feeding farm animals. The highest content of arsenic, cadmium and lead was observed in vegetable crops: red beet (Beta vulgaris), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), onion (Allium cepa), pea (Pisum sativum), lettuce (Acetaria), garlic (Allium sativum), potato (Solanum tuberosum), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), as well as in the green mass of feed crops: alfalfa (Medicago sativa), elytrigia (Elytrigia repens), Hungarian sainfoin (Onobrychis arenaria), highlander spread (Polygonum divaricatum), Turkish wartycabbage (Bunias orientalis). Indicator plants include red beet (Beta vulgaris), excluder plants - potato (Solanum tuberosum), accumulator plants - Turkish wartycabbage (Buniasorientalis). The authors propose that all used agricultural land be withdrawn from agriculture and preserved.

Technogenic deposits formed from dredged sediments deposition: toxic effects on earthworms

Dredged sediments are often disposed on land areas and can cause adverse effects on soil biota, since these materials generally may contain toxic agents. This work examines the ecotoxicological effects on earthworms exposed to technogenic deposits formed from the deposition of dredged sediments from an urban tropical lagoon. Such evaluation supports the understanding of the ecological effects derived from dredged sediments in the tropics, as well as the influence of soil properties in the toxicity. To simulate dredged sediment disposal under tropical conditions, a dredged sediment sample from the Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil) was mixed with a Gleysol (a typical organic tropical soil) to obtain the following doses: 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24%, where 0% = pure Gleysol. Acute and avoidance bioassays with Eisenia andrei were applied to these mixtures following standard protocols (ISO). Physical, chemical, and mineralogical characterization of the materials and metal determination in the test mixtures were performed to support the interpretations of ecotoxicological data. Metal concentrations in the test mixtures were generally in accordance with the limits defined by Brazilian law. Earthworm mortality was significant in doses ≥ 8% (LC50 = 7.1%), while doses ≥ 2% caused avoidance responses (EC50 = 1.7%, p < 0.05). The salinity in 8% treatment is similar to the salinity levels described by the literature that cause adverse effects on earthworms, suggesting that salinity played a key role in the toxicity. Earthworm biomass increased (p < 0.05) when the organisms were exposed to non-lethal doses, and this is probably due to water bioaccumulation related to high contents of salts. When comparing the toxicity found in this work with data obtained with other tropical soils, one could suppose that Gleysol mineralogy seems to control the bioavailability of salts and metals. The possible formation of technogenic soils (constructed soils) due to land deposition of dredged sediments may potentially compromise natural soil fauna. In this particular case, soil mineralogy, salinity, and metals played a relevant role in the toxicity to earthworms. The development of approaches that can integrate ecotoxicological, ecological, and pedological data is urgent for better understanding the damages associated with the disposal of dredged sediments in tropical lowlands areas.

Technogenic soils (Technosols) developed from mine spoils containing Fe sulphides: Microbiological activity as an indicator of soil development following land reclamation

Restoration of ecological functions by reclamation of post-mining areas stimulates soil-formation processes and initiates biological activity on the surfaces of disposal sites. The purpose of this investigation was to study the relationships between soil properties, microbiological activity and diversity in Technosols 45 years following land reclamation. The study area was located in the vicinity of the former Fe sulphide and uranium mine in Rudki village (Holy Cross Mts., Poland). The soils developed from tailings containing Fe sulphides (profile R1 and R2) and Fe sulphide and dolomite-bearing post-flotation sludge covered with loamy material (profile R3) were studied. Soil properties and enzyme (dehydrogenase, arylsulphatase, β-glucosidase, urease) activities, respiration activity (RA) and total microbial counts (TMC) were determined, as well as molecular analyses were performed. The most important soil properties influencing enzyme activities, RA and TMC were pH and soil salinity. Biological parameters were also dependent on TOC, TN, exchangeable K and available P contents. Enzyme activity, RA and TMC were significantly lower in strongly acidic and saline profile R1 than in profiles R2 and R3, which represent areas where land reclamation was successful. Moreover, a decrease of enzyme activities, RA and TMC were observed with increasing depth of soil profiles. The lower activity of arylsulphatase, β-glucosidase and RA in A horizon of profile R3 in comparison with similar horizon in profile R2 may reflect the pollution of R3 topsoil by trace elements. Molecular analysis revealed that Bacillus genus predominate in the studied profiles. Soil properties (particularly pH) that are a repercussion of reclamation works seem to be the main variables conditioning biodiversity at the bacterial strains and species level. The obtained results indicated that enzyme activity, RA and TMC are sensitive indicators of microbiological activity and can be a measure in the assesment of soil biological activity following land reclamation.

Environmental geochemistry of the copper slag old dump in the Middle Urals

Relevance of the work. Wastes from mining and processing industries occupy vast areas and cause serious environmental damage. The research results will contribute to the development of biological reclamation of industrial areas and environmental monitoring. Purpose of the work: study of the geochemical features of soils and plants formed on old slags of the Polevsky copper smelter (Middle Urals). Methods of the study. We laid the plot in the relatively flat section of the base of the steep slope of the dump. Complex samples were taken at equal intervals on the transect and included blocks of technogenic soil along with growing plants. The material of the complex sample was divided into fractions by nature (soil, plants) and by size of fragments of copper smelting slag, dried to air-dry state and weighed. The chemical composition of the samples was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results. The man-made soil with a thickness of 10–15 cm has formed on the cast copper smelting slag old dump. More than a third of its mass is fine soil (particles less than 1 mm), which is a sorption geochemical barrier. The most elements concentration in fine soil is 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than their concentration in slag stone. Lead, cadmium, bismuth are especially effectively delayed. In the fine soil, the strongest excesses of the maximum permissible concentrations for all regulated elements have been established. It has been confirmed that under unlimited supply conditions of elements migration from slag, plant has an upper accumulation threshold. For the aboveground plant parts, the highest values of the biological absorption coefficient were found for selenium, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus. Conclusions. An environmental assessment of the Polevsky smelter (Middle Urals) old dump was carried out, the geochemical features of the soil and plants were investigated.

Geochemical approach in assessing the technogenic impact on soils

The soil assessment was carried out in the technogenically-affected area of Irkutsk Oblast with the geochemical approach as a key geoecological method using physical and chemical techniques of analysis and ecodiagnostics. Diagnostic signs of the disturbed natural properties of the soil were revealed up to a depth of 40 cm in the profile based on macro- and micromorphometric parameters. The content of heavy metals (HM) – Pb, Zn, Hg, and Cu with an excess of standards was determined, and empirical HM – pH correlations were obtained by statistical clustering of the data array. The contributions of additional factors affecting the chemical element distribution in the soil layer were investigated. Significant soil contamination with sulfates and the possibility of implementing the ion-exchange of HM andfor element immobilization were revealed. It was shown that reactions with sulfates and the influence of pH, HM exchange processes involving mobile K and P can determine the nature of the described chemical element distribution in the multi-factor-contaminated technogenic soil. However, the effectiveness of such types of interaction is different for each metal and also depends on the quantitative ratio of substances and soil characteristics, even under a minor change in pH. Two-parameter correlations of HM distribution in sulfate-contaminated soils confirmed the different degrees of involvement of chemical elements in these types of interactions. The results obtained and the identified factors are of applied significance and can be used as the basis for geoecological differentiation of the contaminated soil, as well as for determining local geochemical fields in the technogenesis zone. Areas of advanced research are related to three-dimensional modeling for a more complete study of the cause-and-effect relationships of geochemical parameters.

EXPERIMENTAL LABORATORY TESTING OF PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS IN THE PREPARATION OF PROJECT DOCUMENTATION

The purpose of this work is to examine the physical and mechanical properties of soils in the preparation of project documentation. A laboratory testing of the physical and mechanical properties of soils located on the construction site of an apartment building at: Kirov region, Vyatskopolyansky district, village. Krasnaya Polyana, Druzhba str., 1. Methods. Laboratory work was carried out on a mixture of loam, sand, in the roof layer with small construction debris, sandy loam brown, hard, plastic interlayers; sandy loam brown, plastic. The geological structure of the survey area was carried out with the help of engineering - geological wells to a depth of 8.0 m. Upper quaternary alluvial deposits (a2III), represented by sandy loam hard and plastic, overlain by technogenic deposits (t IV), were uncovered. Results And Discussion. Alluvial deposits (a2III) are exposed under man-made deposits at a depth of 0.7-1.0 m (abs. OTM. 64.38 – 64.83 m) and are represented by: brown sandy loam, hard (EGE-2*), plastic interlayers, with loam interlayers up to 0.2 m.. Layer thickness is 2.1-2.5 m; brown sandy loam, plastic (EGE-3), with layers of dusty sand up to 0.2 m. Uncovered power: is 4.8 – 4.9 m. Conclusions. According to CP** 11-105-97, part II of the territory is assigned to section I-A-2-seasonally (annually) flooded. According to a set of factors, the complexity category of engineering-geological conditions is defined as II (average) (CP 47.13330.2012 [10] ADJ. A). The standard depth of seasonal freezing for sandy loam is 2.01 m. According to the degree of frost heaviness, sandy loams are hard (EGE-2), characterized as weakly porous. Technogenic soils (EGE-1), taking into account the increase in humidity in the pre-winter period, are classified as weakly porous.

Accumulating capacity of herbaceous plants of the Asteraceae and Poaceae families under technogenic soil pollution with zinc and cadmium

In this study, the environmental monitoring of the long-term technogenic pollution zone of Novocherkassk, a region containing numerous heavy metal contaminations, was carried out. In the plants growing in the 5 km zone around Novocherkasskaya power station, contamination with the studied elements was revealed. The dependence of the content of Zn and Cd in herbaceous plants of the families Asteraceae and Poaceae on the distance to the source of the anthropogenic load was established. The selectivity of accumulation of metals by studied species of herbaceous plants at different levels of technogenic pollution is revealed. Achillea nobilis has the least pollutants resistant from the soil. Poa pratensis has the highest resistance to Zn and Cd pollution in terms of the set of assessment indicators. The granulometric composition of the soil has a significant impact on the availability of metals to plants.

Transformation of lead compounds in the soil-plant system under the influence of Bacillus and Azotobacter rhizobacteria

ABSTRACTThe study was aimed at the migration and transformation of lead compounds in the rhizosphere, its accumulation in plants under the influence of the rhizosphere bacteria. For experiment, soil samples of the technogenous ecosystem contaminated differently by lead have been selected for plant growing. The samples were subdivided into control soil and the soil, inoculated by Azotobacter and Bacillus rhizobacteria. Lead concentrations have been analysed in easily exchangeable, carbonate, organic and Fe hydroxide-associated fractions as well in chelate forms and fulvic and humic acids. In soils, inoculated by rhizobacteria, there is an increased mobilisation of lead due to its decrease in humic acids and increase in fulvic acids. On technogenic soil, rhizobacteria initiate the immobilisation of Fe-hydroxide-bound, chelate-bound lead in the rhizosphere as well as lead occurring in roots. As a results, there is a decreased lead uptake by upper parts of plants. There is also a correlation between increasing soil alkalinity and increasing Pb accumulation in the roots of plants. The results of the experiment helped to understand more about the mechanisms of Pb compound behaviour under the influence of rhizobacteria that can be used for developing biotechnologies related to soil bioremediation and crop production.

Ecogeochemical evaluation of soils under conditions of technogenesis

The distribution of total forms of heavy metals Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, Zn, Co, Hg, and As in technogenic soils has been evaluated using geochemical research methods. Diagnostic indicators of damage of soil natural properties in the area of technogenesis are revealed. Statistically significant empirical dependences toxic elements migration on the buffer properties of soils (pH, N, Corg) and salinity factor of the territory are obtained. It is shown that in the zone of industrial objects in the soil surface layer, lateral technogenic geochemical pollution modules can be formed at depth down to 30-50 cm. This should be taken into account when evaluating the environmentalrisk of a territory and in the environmental control of soil pollution.

Radiation-ecological evaluation of rock dumps in the south zone of the Elkon uranium mine region (the Southern Yakutia)

This study aims at investigating the allocation conditions of rock dumps in the South zone located in the Elkon uranium mine region (the Southern Yakutia), and also at determining their radiation parameters as sources of technogenic contamination of the soil-vegetation cover and surface waters, and assessing the danger of these dumps for people. In this study, the generally accepted geographical methods were used, including comparative geographical and geochemical methods, as well as a combination of various radiometric research methods. The radiation parameters of the rock dumps of the South zone of the Elkon uranium mine region, the content and distribution of uranium, radium and radon in surface waters, as well as 238U content in technogenic soils at different distances from radioactive contamination sources were studied. It was found that the most active dumps, in terms of their radiation parameters, are located close to the radioactive ores, with the EDR of 1600-2150 R/h, effective specific activity - 20441-23640 Bq/kg, and uranium content of 1637-1888 mg/kg. The ranking of the studied dumps according to the degree of radiation hazard showed that 12 out of 31 dumps (39%) belong to the safe category, 6 (19%) belong to the category of potentially dangerous, and 5 and 8 (16% and 26%) were classified as dangerous and very dangerous respectively. In the conditions of the mountainous terrain, cold and humid climate of the studied area, these rock dumps, which are unevenly spread in mountain and taiga landscapes over the area of about 500 km2, are the main source of radioactive contamination of soil and vegetation cover and surface waters. The maximum contents of uranium, radium and radon in the studied surface waters were 18010-7 g/L, 4.710-12 g/L and 256.8 Bq/L respectively, which are 100, 8 and 198 times higher than their background concentrations in waters of natural landscapes. In the studied technogenic zones, a direct relationship was registered between the pollution intensity in surface water and that in the drained alluvial soils formed in the floodplains of these watercourses.

Elements Distribution in Soil and Plants of an Old Copper Slag Dump in the Middle Urals, Russia

The elements concentration in soil and accumulation in plants growing spontaneously on an old copper slag dump were studied. The research object was a landfill site of the Polevskoy copper smelter (Middle Ural, Russia), which is about 200 years old. We investigated composite samples, consisting of soil blocks (20 x 20 cm) with growing plants. Samples were selected on a transect of 4–5 m at equal intervals. The composite sample was divided into slag fractions: stone, gravel, fine soil (particles smaller than 1 mm); plant fractions: moss and roots, stems and leaves. The microelement analysis of the samples was carried out at an analytical center of the Institute of Geology and Geochemistry, Ural Branch of RAS. The analyses were performed by inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry using Elan-9000 ICP massspectrometer. The formation of technogenic soil with a thickness of 10–15 cm on the dump of cast copper slag has begun two hundred years ago. Fine soil constitutes more than one third of the technogenic soil mass and acts as a sorption geochemical barrier. Fine soil accumulates elements mobilized from slag. The concentration of most elements in fine soil is 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than their concentration in slag stone. Pb, Cd, Bi are particularly effectively retained in fine soil: their content is 700-1000 times higher than in slag stone. In the conditions of unlimited supply of elements released from slag, plant reaches the upper threshold of accumulation. The aboveground plant parts compared to litter (roots and moss) have a lower concentration of all elements, but they show the stronger ability to accumulate selenium.

Reclamation of damaged agricultural land: an example of the Samara region

The issues of environmental protection, prevention of degradation and reclamation of damaged land are currently very significant and relevant. As damaged land has been observed the land where low productivity and low economic potential have arisen and natural productivity of ecosystems is changed due to human-caused activities. The nature and extent of the violation depends on the type, depth and duration of anthropogenic impact, on adopted system of work organization and the conditions of the environment. Black soil dominates in the soil cover in Samara region, therefore there has been developed agricultural production. However there are located large oilfields and gas fields, which are under active exploitation and reduction of vegetation, dumping technological sites, laying trenches for pipelines, etc. have been noticed, which leads to formation of technogenic soils, damaged land cover, loss of soil fertility and land use type change. There special restoration measure - reclamation should be putted into practice on the territory of all categories of land, but especially on agricultural land. The aim of the article is to study the situation with damaged agricultural land in Samara region of Russia and to develop scientifically based proposals for regeneration of its fertility after reclamation measures. The problems of pollution of agricultural land in the region have been investigated, main sources and types of pollution have been analysed, as well as legal, methodological and environmental protection documents on land reclamation have been studied. The peculiarities of reclamation of land on federal, municipal and property level have been considered. The article presents measures for reclamation of the land on the example of natural monopolies in the territory of the Samara region.

Biochemical monitoring of soils in the area of development of subsurface energy resources

It was found that the sites of the drilling rigs are the most transformed and polluted areas of soils on the territory of the gas-condensate field. It was established that the soils of some of the sites of development of the gas-condensate field showed increased contents of oil products, lead, zinc, nickel and chromium exceeding background values and health standards. On the territory of the Nyuchakan base and of some boreholes of the gas-condensate field there occurred a change in the soil water composition, and chloride and sulfate salinization of soils was observed. Characteristic areas of technogenic soils formed 15 and 25 year after the accidents: ejection of highly mineralized oil-field pressure brine (natural brine) to the surface in the area of the valley of the Orlingskaya Nyucha (the Kovykta gas-condensate field), and oil spill in the vicinity of the village of Tyret (the Krasnoyarsk-Irkutsk pipeline). They show high contents of oil products, heavy metals and organic matter as well as the shift of the reaction of the medium toward the neutral and alkaline side. The study revealed an increase in the sum of exchange bases, salinization, a heavier granulometric composition, and enhancement in gleying, and a decline in biological activity of soils.

A General Genetic Classification of Technogenic Soils

Possible approaches to the classification of technogenic soils in the framework of their general classification system are discussed in connection with the revision of one of the basic regulatory standards. The possible genesis of technogenic soils and the primary factors that determine their properties are analyzed. Classification attributes of technogenic soils are formulated and their hierarchy is presented. As a result, a general classification of technogenic soils that provides a basis for their classification in the updated standard is obtained.

General genetic classification of technogenic soils

Possible approaches to the classification of technogenic soils in the framework of their general classification system are discussed in connection with the revision of one of the basic standards. Eventual genesis of technogenic soils and primary factors determining the origin of their properties are analyzed. Classification attributes of technogenic soils and their hierarchy are presented. Paper results in the development of general classification of technogenic soils comprising the basis for their standard classification system.

Intensification of exogenous geodynamic processes in areas with large linear objects, associated with changes in the characteristics of soils displaced by construction and operation activities

In the studied region, vast land areas are influenced by construction and operation of large linear facilities, such as oil-gas pipelines, power lines, motor roads and railways. In the areas along and inside the construction right-of-way zones, considerable changes occur in landscapes, microclimate conditions, hydrological features of water bo­dies, and geological engineering characteristics of the rocks. Furthermore, anthropogenic soil materials are produced. In our study, such materials are termed ‘man-made / technogenic soils’, which means the soil material displaced during stripping operations in the areas allocated for construction of linear objects, and the soil material resulting from coal mining and quarrying. The above-mentioned changes in the geological environment lead to intensive exogenous geodynamic processes (EGP) taking place during construction and in the first years of the object operation. In areas where such objects are located near and in residential areas, the EGP impact is observed in the zones that have been previously not at all influenced or only slightly affected by EGP. In our comprehensive study aimed at the assessment of the scale of the regional landslide and mudflow processes, the physical and chemical properties of technogenic soils were determined, their mineral and chemical composition was analyzed, and the levels of chemical contamination of the studied soils were estimated. The research results can be used in engineering-geological, construction, hydrometeorological surveys, as well as forecasting the development of EGP and their impact on the territory adjacent to the large linear objects.

Site Type Effect on Litter Decomposition Rates: A Three-Year Comparison of Decomposition Process between Spoil Heap and Forest Sites

Research Highlights: Direct comparison of leaf litter decomposition rates between harsh soil conditions of degraded lands and adjacent “closer to natural” forest areas has not been done before. Background and Objectives: We aimed to fill this knowledge gap by determining the differences in amounts of carbon and nitrogen released by species-specific litter depending on decomposition rates in various stand and habitat conditions, which enables selection of the most ecologically and economically appropriate (for fast soil organic layer development) tree species for afforestation of reclaimed lands. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on the external spoil heap of the “Bełchatów” lignite mine (Central Poland) and adjacent forests. In December 2013, we established a litterbag experiment beneath the canopies of birch and pine stands. We used litter of Alnus glutinosa (Gaertn.), Betula pendula (Roth), Pinus sylvestris (L.), and Quercus robur (L.) collected ex situ, which we installed (after oven-drying) beneath the canopies of eight stands. The experiment lasted for three years (with sampling of three-month intervals). Results: Harsh soil conditions of degraded lands are unfavorable for litter mineralization. It was found that 23%–74% of decomposed materials were mineralized in spoil heap stands, whereas in forest stands these amounts ranged from 35%–83%. Litter of Q. robur in birch stands on the spoil heap is predicted to take 12 years longer for total decomposition than in forest stands of the same species. This hinders organic carbon turnover and could result in elongation of the time for full biological and economic reclamation of degraded lands. On the other hand, decomposition of relatively fast decomposable litter (A. glutinosa and B. pendula) in pine stands on the spoil heap was faster than in pine stands in forest sites (17% and 13% faster, respectively). We did not observe this trend for decomposition of more recalcitrant litter types of P. sylvestris and Q. robur. Conclusions: The results show the value of selective choice of tree species for afforestation of post-mining areas to accelerate the development of technogenic soil substrates. We recommend introducing all tree species studied in the cluster form of admixtures as all of them could bring some profits in ecological and economical reclamation.

90 лет профессору Надежде Николаевне Наплёковой

The article presents the research biography of Nadezhda Nikolaevna Naplekova, Professor, Doctor of Biological Sciences, a prominent soil microbiologist, who had worked in academic science for 25 years, devotedly investigating microorganisms of virgin, agricultural and technogenic soils of Siberia and the Altai Mountains.

Activity of selected enzymes as markers of ecotoxicity in technogenic salinization soils

The activity of enzymes in soil is sensitive to the changes in soil properties affected by biotic and abiotic factors. This study investigates the influence of salinity on some enzymes (catalase CAT, dehydrogenases DEH, alkaline AlP, and acid AcP phosphatase) and pH in 0.01 M CaCl2, ECe, the content of total organic carbon, and total nitrogen in technogenic salinization soil next to the soda plant. Seven soil sampling sites were selected (S1–S6) in the area close to the soda plant and C (the control). Based on the enzyme activity, also soil indicators were calculated: the resistance index (RS), enzymatic pH indicator frac{mathrm{AlP}}{mathrm{AcP}} , the factor of the impact of anthropopressure (IF), the biological index of fertility (BIF), and the indices of biochemical soil activity (BA12 and BA13). The above study did not show one-way changes of the parameters investigated. The relations between the parameters and the activity of catalase, dehydrogenase, alkaline, and acid phosphatase show that they are mostly determined by the state of salinity of the soil environment. The calculated index of resistance (RS), as an effective means of the enzymatic response to environmental stress, facilitated putting the enzymes in the following series: CAT>DEH>AlP>AcP. It shows that catalase and dehydrogenases are most resistant to the anthropogenic factor. The calculated values of BA12 and BA13 indices showed the differences between technogenic salinization soils and the soil sampled from the control. The lowest BIF values were observed at S6 and S3, S4, and C.

Динаміка вмісту карбонатів та засвоюваних форм азоту протягом техногенного ґрунтогенезу в техноземах Нікопольського марганцеворудного басейну

У роботі показана можливість індикації регуляторних екосистемних сервісів протягом техногенного ґрунтогенезу за допомогою фітоіндикаційних оцінок вмісту карбонатів та засвоюваних форм азоту. Польові дослідження проводились протягом 2008–2017 рр. у дослідній біоекологічній станції Дніпровського аграрно-економічного університету (м. Покров, Дніпропетровська область, Україна). Полігони закладені у межах чотирьох типів техноземів: педоземи, дерново-літогенні ґрунти на лесоподібних суглинках, сіро-зелених глинах та червоно-бурих глинах. У роботі наведені свідчення того, що процеси накопичення карбонатів у техноземах мають безпосереднє відношення до іммобілізації атмосферного карбон диоксиду як зворотний механізм явищ парникового ефекту, що слід розглядати як важливий екосистемний сервіс антропогенних ґрунтів. Цей екосистемний сервіс саме молодих техногенних ґрунтів виконує значну позитивну функцію як фактор протидії парниковому ефекту та глобальним змінам клімату. Показано, що протягом ґрунтогенезу вміст засвоюваних форм азоту в техноземах демонструє динаміку збільшення з тенденцією до досягнення стаціонарного стану. Фактор субстрату є дуже важливим для перспективного визначення потенціальної родючості техноземів. У цьому контексті найкращі перспективи у лесоподібних суглинків та червоно-бурих глин, навіть порівняно з педоземами.