Technogenic Formations Research Articles

MINERALOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF SNOW COVER WITHIN THE ANTHROPOGENICALLY DISTURBED SITES OF THE NADYM-PUR INTERFLUVE (NORTHERN PART OF WESTERN SIBERIA)

The article analyzes the content of metals in solid aerosols and snow water sampled in the anthropogeni-cally disturbed and background sites of the Nadym-Pur interfluve. The results of microscopic studies of solid aerosols showed the presence of secondary minerals, technogenic formations, as well as a large amount of pyrite in samples from the eastern part of the study area. The maximum concentrations of metals in solid aero-sols were found in snow of the sanitary protection zones of waste disposal facilities, with the exception of Ca, which prevails in snow cover of Novy Urengoy (up to 10% of dry matter). The urbanized area is characterized by the highest values of dust load (up to 111 mg/m2 a day). The local contamination with Ba within the waste landfills in Novy Urengoy is associated with the sites of barite and drilling waste processing. We applied the factor analysis to identify the main metal associations characteristic of solid aerosols from different functional zones: Ca-Co-V-Mn (city), Ba-Sr-K-Na and Cd-Cu-Pb (waste disposal sites), Cu-Ni-Cd (the entire studied area). Based on the study of the content of dissolved forms in snow water, a high mobility of metals in the northern landscapes and its decrease in urban environment were revealed. The mineralogical and geochemical analysis of snow suggests the influence of the Norilsk industrial region on the eastern part of the Nadym-Pur interfluve, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb and the mineral pyrite being the indicators. The risks of environmental pollution under the aerotechnogenic transport are associated with high content of Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb and Ba in solid aero-sols. The calculation of the Toxicity Probability Index (MERMQ) showed that some aerosol samples from the landfill sites have a high probability of biological effects. Using data on the chemical composition of soils and soil water, no visible effect of snow pollution on the growth of metal concentrations in soil and soil water was revealed, with the exception of local contamination with Ba, which led to a twofold increase in the content of the metal in the upper soil horizon.

Technogenic formations as a source of mineral raw materials for vanadium production

Technogenic formations as a source of mineral raw materials for vanadium production

Industrial Utilization of Complex, Multicomponent Technogenic Formations and their Safe Displacement

Industrial Utilization of Complex, Multicomponent Technogenic Formations and their Safe Displacement

Industrial utilization of complex, multicomponent technogenic formations and their safe movement

The description of slags produced by LLC «Klyuchevskaya concentrating factory» is given. Samples of metallic chromium, ferrochrome and ferrotitane slag are presented. The chemical composition of high-alumina refractory cements used for the production and the physico-mechanical properties of cements obtained by remelting metallic chromium slags are given. The chemical composition of the alumina intermediate obtained during the remelting of metallic chromium slags for the smelting of synthetic slags. Charge compositions during remelting of metallic chromium slags. The scheme of covering the bottom of the dump truck body is given. Ill. 5. Ref. 10. Tab. 3.

Hydrogeoecological conditions of technogenic groundwater in waste disposal sites

The specific hydrogeoecological conditions of aquifers of some technogenic formations, mainly iron ore skarn-magnetite and titanium-magnetite formations, are considered. The resulting wastes, which are stored in waste disposal sites during development of deposits, due to the impact of a number of factors (natural and technogenic) form technogenic waters. Waste disposal facilities are complex engineering structures (dumps and sludge storages), which in turn create their own hydrogeoecological conditions, which must be investigated in order to prevent and minimize environmental and economic damage caused by these objects to the aquatic environment. The paper presents long-term field and laboratory studies of the aquatic environment under the influence of a waste disposal facility in the Middle Urals – one of the largest tailings, representing a potential environmental and man-made hazard. This tailing dump contains tens of tons of waste – enrichment tailings and creates specific hydrogeoecological conditions on the territory. Based on many years of monitoring studies, an analysis of these conditions was carried out – the quality of groundwater affected by the tailings was assessed. It is shown that groundwater is of technogenic nature, i.e. are man-made waters that have a significant impact on the surface and underground hydrospheres of the territory.

ТЕХНОЛОГИИ СБОРА И ОБРАБОТКИ БОЛЬШИХ ДАННЫХ -ОСНОВА ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ДОСТОВЕРНОСТИ ПЕРВИЧНОЙ ИНФОРМАЦИИ О МАССИВАХ ГОРНЫХ ПОРОД ПРИ ОСВОЕНИИ МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЙ ПОЛЕЗНЫХ ИСКОПАЕМЫХ И ТЕХНОГЕННЫХ ОБРАЗОВАНИЙ

The article describes modern technologies of big data yrocessing in the deyosits of solid minerals. The approaches to the management of primary information from various sources in the development of deposits are considered. The article identifies the advantages of this technology over the currently used methods of primary data processing. The structure of big data analytical systems is developed. This structure provides increased reliability of geological information in the development of natural deposits and technogenic formations. Relationships between primary data and secondary data are described. Proper processing of primary data will increase the reliability of determining the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of minerals.

INVESTIGATING THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF OBTAINING GOLD AND SILVER FROM TECHNOGENIC ORE FORMATIONS

Optimal parameters of the process of crucible smelting of extracting gold and silver from ore-resistant to chemical influences technogenic formations, where raw materials are melted under the conditions of combined chemical reagents and metal collectors of precious metals, have been developed. A pyro-hydrometallurgical flowsheet for processing technogenic formation is proposed, according to which the extraction of gold, silver and other noble metals transferred as a result of raw material melting into the composition of the formed Doré alloy is carried out using the hydrometallurgical method of aqua leaching.

STUDYING THE TECHNOLOGICAL POSSIBILITY OF OBTAINING SILICON DIOXIDE AND SEPARATION OF METALS FROM TECHNOGENIC ORE FORMATIONS

A combined pyro-hydrometallurgical technological method for obtaining silicon dioxide of. technical purpose and metal concentrates from technogenic ore formations resistant to chemical reagents is shown. The smelting of the raw materials prepared for the processing of technogenic formations is carried out by combined reagents, after which the melt formed is leached with an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid under gel-like conditio¬ns¬. The reduced silicic acid is leached with a weak aqueous solution of hydrochlo¬r¬i¬c acid in order to remove impurities, and to be converted into silicon dioxide, it is subjected to heat treatment in atmospheric air. As a result of the process, the metals contained in technogenic formations are divided into solid and liquid concentrates.

ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ ТЕХНОГЕННЫХ РИСКОВ ИНДУСТРИАЛЬНОГО ХАРАКТЕРА НА ГОРНЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ

The risk of subsurface use is caused by negative manifestations of subsurface use due to infrastructural, natural, geological, technological, economic, financial and other factors. The probabilistic-statistical method of risk research in addition to the usual, classical methods of exact sciences allows deeper and more objective identification of the possibility of the emergence of technogenic risks. One of the ways to identify the risk of negative phenomena in subsurface use is the use of methods of probability theory and random statistical geodata. For a probabilistic assessment of the design parameters and indicators of technogenic formations, it is not necessary to know the distribution laws of individual random variables taken into account in the calculation model (multifactor function). It is enough to use only numerical characteristics of random variables: average values and first moments.

ОЦЕНКА ВЛИЯНИЯ ГИПЕРГЕНЕЗА В ХРАНИЛИЩАХ ОТХОДОВ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ МЕДНО-КОЛЧЕДАННЫХ РУД НА ВЫБОР ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ СХЕМ ИХ РАЗРАБОТКИ

The problem of involvement of lying wastes of copper-pyrite ore processing into industrial exploitation considering transformation of their material composition and structure in the process of storage is considered. By the example of old tailings dump of Sibai concentrator patterns of humidity, pH of environment and solubility of mineral forms on depth of technogenic massif are established. The peculiarities of the structure of the technogenic mineral formation are marked; based on the results of geological and evaluation works the hypergenesis zone, which differs by mineral composition, structure and properties of the stockpiled raw materials, is singled out. A method of zoning the technogenic formation by depth to choose the technology of its development is proposed.

Cохранение и восстановление продуктивности нарушенных золотодобычей земель с использованием инновационного подхода

The article summarizes the long-term experience of research conducted on the development of nature-like technologies on toxic technogenic formations of placer gold mining using a comprehensive assessment of the state of environmental objects and an innovative approach. A large amount of waste from the processing of gold deposits located in productive areas withdrawn from the forest lands fund has a negative impact on the components of the ecosphere. In this regard, the purpose of the study was to create a nature-like technology that allows preserving and restoring the productivity of disturbed gold mining lands to ensure their environmental safety. The object of the study was a technogenic system within the boundaries of the infl uence of the ceased to exist mining enterprise “Kerbinsky mine” of the P. Osipenko district (P. Briakan) of the Khabarovsk Territory. The research uses generally accepted methods, as well as remote sensing of the Earth (remote sensing), GIS technologies and mathematical apparatus. Remote sensing made it possible to identify disturbed territories on various geo-substrates, on multispectral combined images and NDVI index image. Using the QGIS program, an analysis of the dynamics of the transformation of disturbed lands was carried out and their area was calculated. It has been established that toxic waste from the enrichment of gold deposits of the second hazard class is a source of pollution of the habitat. Pollutants, migrating from the waste of processing into the components of the biosphere, lead to their large-scale technogenic pollution. Thus, the upper horizon of technogenic soils accumulates the maximum amount of toxic elements (mg/kg): Cu – 454, Zn – 1241, Pb – 934, which is signifi cantly higher than the background values from 3 to 9 or more times. The calculations of the value of the vegetation index NDVI showed that the study area can be classifi ed as highly toxic, belonging to the I category of environmental risks. The NDVI value in the technogenic territory ranged from 0.034 to 0.063, which indicates a weak degree of restoration of forest vegetation. Based on the analysis of the results obtained, new technological solutions are proposed, confi rmed by Patents of the Russian Federation.

Проблема асбеста с позиции прикладной минералогии

The problem of asbestos geoecology remains relevant. Asbestos is considered potentially dangerous, because when asbestos-containing materials are destroyed, thin elongated fibers are released and damage organs and tissues of mammals and humans. On the other hand, unique fire-resistant thermal properties of asbestos support using it in a wide range of products.
 Mineralogical study of asbestos ore from the Kiembayevsky deposit, depositing media (dust) and production products used in shipbuilding was carried out by optical microscopy and X-ray analysis.
 We determined that the methods of optical microscopy and X-ray analysis, and, if necessary, their integration, allowed obtaining reliable information about the presence of chrysotile asbestos and its content in various objects, which was necessary for solving problems not only in the geological industry, but also in other areas of the national economy. A quantitative assessment of the content of chrysotile-asbestos, amphibole-asbestos and asbestos-like respirable fibers (natural and artificial) in rocks, technogenic formations (mainly deposit media), and anthropogenic production products is presented.

Цифровая модель техногенеза подземных вод как элемент устойчивого развития городской среды

The purpose of this study is to create a digital twin of the sludge reservoir, which allows modeling and predicting the impact of technogenic formation on the sustainability of urban development, in particular, on the state of groundwater. The research methodology is to simulate groundwater based on numerical simulation using the ModTech 2.21 program. This program is designed to solve problems of various equations and partial derivatives that describe the geo-filtration of the environment, using a numerical method on a three-dimensional finite-difference grid. In order to assess the sustainable development of the urban environment in the city of Sterlitomak, a digital twin of the urban area was created in terms of groundwater. Sludge accumulator «White Sea» is a unique man-made object located in the city of Sterlitomak and affecting groundwater due to infiltration losses of distiller fluid through the bed of the sludge reservoir. According to the simulation results, the infiltration losses of the SHBM are 3078 m3/day or 1123470 m3/year. The incoming part of the balance is formed due to the attraction of river runoff, infiltration nutrition, and the outgoing part is due to the discharge of groundwater into surface water. The model assessment was carried out in relation to the conditions of migration of the main pollutant component in the territory of the «White Sea» - chlorides. With the help of the created digital model, it is possible to assess, predict and manage the situation in the urban environment in terms of groundwater. Digitalization through the use of intelligent solutions and innovations in the field of digital technologies makes it possible to understand the processes occurring in social, man-made, and natural systems at a new level. The next step in creating digital twins can be models of electronic maps of soil cover or vegetation, the state of the air basin, and more. The same models can be created on the basis of economic and social indicators. This is necessary for planning the sustainable development of the urban environment.

PROCESSING OF TECHNOGENIC WASTE OF MINING PRODUCTION

The article considers technologies for the processing of technogenic formations by additional extraction of target components, reduction of waste at the stages of enrichment and after chemical and metallurgical processing. This approach is fundamentally different from the existing basic outlines of the use of technogenic waste as secondary resources in the production of building materials. It is noted that in the tailings of dry magnetic separation of magnetite ores there are fine particles with iron concentration, which are of commercial interest. At the first stage, it is necessary to mechanically separate small classes from the total number of waste rocks. The solution to this problem is based on the use of high-performance air classification methods. The use of apparatuses with an inclined louvered grating is considered, for which the parameters of the degree of fractional extraction of magnetic separation tailings into a fine product are determined. The second stage of tailings enrichment consists in dry magnetic extraction of iron-containing particles from small classes. For these purposes, the use of new magnetic separators, specially developed earlier for working with magnetite particles of small sizes, is discussed. Taken together, this approach makes it possible to increase the overall degree of iron extraction from ore without additional grinding operations and significant financial costs. Another direction of the industrial application of the proposed technologies for the processing of technogenic waste relates to the production of phosphorus. The phosphorus industry is a promising sector of the chemical industry. But its development also bears negative features in the form of largetonnage waste generated after chemical and metallurgical processing. Among them, phosphorus sludge is the most aggressive - it is a drop of phosphorus in an aqueous medium, absorption by a "fur coat" from a mixture of dust and other products associated with phosphorus by absorption bonds in micelles. Applications are being considered for two developed phosphorus mining targets. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to destroy the mineralogical shell of micelles. Then the released phosphorus settles to the bottom due to the higher density and separation occurs. In the first approach, the destruction of the micelle shell is carried out chemically. In the second proposed technology, the destruction process occurs due to the physical cavitation effect, which is created by elastic acoustic vibrations of sound and ultrasonic frequencies. Experimental studies of the application of these technologies to sludge with a phosphorus content of 10-90% have shown the degree of phosphorus recovery of more than 95%.

Innovative methods for preparing the base of transport highways of the use of technogenic formations of metallurgical production

Background: In order to effectively reinforcement problem soils based on clay or fine powdery sand, it is necessary to pre-stabilize them, for example, using granulated blast-furnace slag.
 Aim: the use of multi-tonnage slags of various nature for highly efficient preparation of bases in the construction of road surfaces.
 Methods: soils of natural and technogenic origin were considered as the main object of research: clays, sands, asphalt granulate. Physical and mechanical studies of soils of natural origin were carried out in accordance with GOST 5180-2015 Soils. Methods for laboratory determination of physical characteristics, the filtration coefficient was determined according to GOST 25584-2016 Soils. Methods for laboratory determination of the filtration coefficient. The physical and mechanical characteristics of asphalt concrete were determined according to GOST 12801-98 Materials based on organic binders for road and airfield construction. Test Methods. The component composition of the out-of-furnace slag was determined using X-ray phase analysis. Testing of hardened samples was carried out in a water-saturated state according to GOST 10180-20125 Concrete. Methods for determining the strength of control samples. The determination of the water absorption value by the mass of the reinforced soil was carried out according to GOST 12730.3-78 Concrete. Methods for determining water absorption.
 Results: reinforcement of pre-prepared soils of any nature is effectively carried out using a reduced consumption of cement in combination with the Nanoaktiv-M complex chemical additive and finely ground blast-furnace slag.
 Conclusion: the complex use of various types of metallurgical slags in soil reinforcement provides an effective solution to the technological, economic and environmental problems of our time.

Development of technology for extracting metals from process solutions by ion flotation

The article shows the possibility of complex extraction of metals from metalcontaining solutions-wastes of non-ferrous metal production, which is one of the difficult-to-solve problems associated with the content of several components in technogenic solutions with similar properties. The aim of the study is to develop an improved technology for extracting metals from metal-containing recycled solutions of metallurgical plants, providing additional production of non-ferrous metals, which contributes to the normalization of the ecological situation in the region. Technogenic formations in the form of metal-containing recyclable solutions of the rare metals production workshop and the vitriol workshop of Almalyk MMC JSC were used as objects of research. The essence of the study is that in the process of ion flotation of technological solutions of copper production of JSC “Almalyk MMC” reagent DEDTK-Na was used, where the maximum extraction of metal ions into the foam product of ion flotation of acidic effluents of the vitriol shop of the copper smelter and washing solutions of sulfur the acid shop of the zinc plant is observed at pH 5. This produces a collective concentrate containing, %: 2.56 Ni; 9.9 Cu; 0.28 Zn; 5.4 Fe. The degree of extraction of metals into the foam product is, %: 98 Ni; 99.7 Cu; 98 Zn; 96 Fe. Research has been carried out to study the duration of flotation with a duration of 4–5 minutes, where the degree of extraction of ions of heavy non-ferrous metals reaches 99%. As a result of the research, a technological and circuit diagram of the apparatus was developed for the processing of utilized metal-containing acid solutions of JSC Almalyk MMC using ion flotation, which makes it possible to ensure the yield of metals up to 99%.

NEW HIGHLY DECORATIVE ARCHITECTURAL AND BUILDING PRODUCTS AND MATERIALS FOR HOUSING CONSTRUCTION

The article presents the results of research work on the selection and justification of technological parameters for the production of highly decorative architectural and building products from local mineral raw materials, including technogenic mineral formations. Experimental work has been carried out to obtain new building materials that enhance the decorative and artistic design of architectural objects. Structural and technological parameters are substantiated and a prototype of a new large-format ceramic facing-bearing block is obtained. A search for new architectural forms using crushed natural stone was carried out and a design of a new plinth cladding block with the “saytash” texture was developed. A recipe was developed and prototypes of building products for masonry walls (lego brick and aerated concrete) were obtained, characterized by ease and convenience of masonry with equal strength characteristics. The results of the research are recommended to be implemented for the improvement of architectural objects in the city of Osh.

Technogenic resources of ferrous metallurgy and their complex processing in the conditions of JSC Uzmetkombinat

The article deals with the involvement of accumulated and formed technogenic formations in the form of steel-making slag and dust-like waste from ferrosilicon production into processing, in order to obtain additional valuable components from industrial waste. To isolate them, various methods of hydraulic classifi cation, jigging, enrichment have been investigated, and gravitational enrichment on a concentration table is recognized as the most optimal. The possibilities of using technogenic waste of aspiration dust from the production of ferroalloys – microsilica containing at least 85% amorphous silica in its composition – can be used for the production of sodium silicate binder (liquid glass) by the autoclave method. The resulting material can be used as an import-substituting raw material in the production technology of manual arc welding electrodes.

КОМПЛЕКСНАЯ ПЕРЕРАБОТКА КИСЛЫХ РУДНИЧНЫХ ВОД ГОРНО-РУДНЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ

The topical aspects of the stage-by-stage cation-selective processing of technogenic acid effluents formed on the territory of mining enterprises engaged in the development of ores of the copper pyrite complex are discussed in the article. The characteristic of the studied object of research is presented - acid mine waters of mining enterprises of the copper-pyrite complex. The analysis of the existing methods of sedation of technogenic wastewater from metal cations (copper, manganese, iron and zinc) has been carried out. The results of acid-base precipitation of polycationic solutions are presented. An analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the technologies used for the processing and purification of technogenic formations of mining enterprises is given. The possibility of selective processing of the studied acidic mine waters with the purpose of their deep purification and obtaining conditioned metal-containing products is analyzed. A set of methods for stage-by-stage effective and selective purification of acid mine waters is proposed. The results of experimental studies of cementation of copper ions are presented. The influence of the main parameters of the cementation process on the quality of purification of polycomponent solutions is considered. The results of factorial analysis of acid-base precipitation of iron cations are presented. The results of experimental studies are presented, substantiating the technological feasibility of the complete conversion of iron into a trivalent form, using the method of redox precipitation. The results of the analysis of the effectiveness of the redox process for the selective precipitation of Mn2+ ions by active chlorine solutions are presented. Conclusions are drawn about the ecological and technological efficiency of the application of the considered set of methods for cation-selective purification of acidic technogenic mine waters. The relevance of the research lies in the urgent need to develop innovative technologies for the complex selective processing of technogenic hydromineral formations of mining enterprises, which, along with preventing the discharge of toxic effluents into natural water bodies, provides a significant increase in the efficiency of using natural mineral resources. The purpose of the study is to consider effective methods for the selective purification of technogenic waters, characterized by a high content of zinc, copper, iron and manganese ions, with the aim of their complex processing and the possibility of obtaining high-quality metal-containing products. The object of study is the acidic mine waters of the mining enterprises of the copper-pyrite complex of the Southern Urals. The subject is the technological possibility of cation-selective processing of acid mine waters of mining enterprises of the copper-pyrite complex with a high content of copper, iron and manganese ions. Material and research methods. Experimental studies have been carried out using a complex of physicochemical methods of analysis. To determine the content of heavy metal ions, adapted methods of photometric analysis were used: for copper (II) - with picramin epsilon, for total iron - with o-phenanthroline, for manganese (II) ions - oxidation with ammonium persulfate in a nitric acid medium to permanganate -ions; for zinc (II) ions - with dithizone

Structure and mechanical characteristics of the materials of castings obtained by aluminothermic remelting of tungsten-oxide-containing compositions

Inoculation of the iron-carbon base melt with ferrotungsten is one of the stages of commercial production of wear-resistant-steel castings. The energy- and resource-intensive process of obtaining this component, as well as non-uniform distribution of tungsten-rich ores in the lithosphere necessitate the search for alternative methods of commercial manufacture of wear-resistant steels and articles made therefrom. The high temperature inherent in tungsten remelting processes is reached through exothermic oxidation-reduction reaction occurring in mixtures containing ore concentrate. Scale and aluminum swarf, which are technogenic formations difficult to dispose of, are used as the principal components of such thermite mixtures. Scheelite concentrate may be used as the ore component. Thus, the process under design is aimed at solving the problems of recycling waste generated by the metallurgical and mechanical engineering industries, as well as at ensuring energy- and material efficiency of the process of manufacturing castings from wear-resistant steels. The lack of information on the structure- and property-formation processes for wear-resistant steels obtained by aluminothermic remelting of scheelite concentrate-containing compositions has necessitated the conduct of a set of experiments. The paper presents the results of the experiment in determination of the impact of the reductant and scheelite concentrate content in thermites on the structure and mechanical properties of the samples of wear-resistant iron-carbon alloys.