Cохранение и восстановление продуктивности нарушенных золотодобычей земель с использованием инновационного подхода

Abstract

The article summarizes the long-term experience of research conducted on the development of nature-like technologies on toxic technogenic formations of placer gold mining using a comprehensive assessment of the state of environmental objects and an innovative approach. A large amount of waste from the processing of gold deposits located in productive areas withdrawn from the forest lands fund has a negative impact on the components of the ecosphere. In this regard, the purpose of the study was to create a nature-like technology that allows preserving and restoring the productivity of disturbed gold mining lands to ensure their environmental safety. The object of the study was a technogenic system within the boundaries of the infl uence of the ceased to exist mining enterprise “Kerbinsky mine” of the P. Osipenko district (P. Briakan) of the Khabarovsk Territory. The research uses generally accepted methods, as well as remote sensing of the Earth (remote sensing), GIS technologies and mathematical apparatus. Remote sensing made it possible to identify disturbed territories on various geo-substrates, on multispectral combined images and NDVI index image. Using the QGIS program, an analysis of the dynamics of the transformation of disturbed lands was carried out and their area was calculated. It has been established that toxic waste from the enrichment of gold deposits of the second hazard class is a source of pollution of the habitat. Pollutants, migrating from the waste of processing into the components of the biosphere, lead to their large-scale technogenic pollution. Thus, the upper horizon of technogenic soils accumulates the maximum amount of toxic elements (mg/kg): Cu – 454, Zn – 1241, Pb – 934, which is signifi cantly higher than the background values from 3 to 9 or more times. The calculations of the value of the vegetation index NDVI showed that the study area can be classifi ed as highly toxic, belonging to the I category of environmental risks. The NDVI value in the technogenic territory ranged from 0.034 to 0.063, which indicates a weak degree of restoration of forest vegetation. Based on the analysis of the results obtained, new technological solutions are proposed, confi rmed by Patents of the Russian Federation.