Technogenic Character Research Articles

Negative Impacts of the High-Tech Implementation in the Russian Higher Education Sector

Introduction. The institute of education in modern society is currently in the process of serious transformation associated with the large-scale introduction of high technologies, which is due to a similar process in post-industrial society as a whole. There is a growing understanding of the negative consequences of digitalization of society and education along with the understanding of the objective necessity of such transformation. The article contains an analysis of the negative consequences and problems arising in the course of the spread of digitalization of higher education in Russia. Methodology and sources. The methodology of the research is based on the methods of comparative analysis and extrapolation of transformations of social environment and anthropological factors under the influence of technological progress in the field of higher education. The signs of “high technology poisoning” considered by J. Naisbitt in his book “High Tech – High Touch: Technology and Our Search for Meaning” and the concept of extensive and intensive types of creativity formulated by A.I. Stoletov are a conceptual basis for analyzing the impact of high technology on education. Results and Discussion. Seven symptoms of technological poisoning in higher education, representing the main risks of the modern educational system, their manifestations in the educational process and prospects in case the existing trend persists, have been considered. One of the sources of manifestation of these symptoms is the extensive character of creativity inherent in scientific and technological activity of the society, which stakes on innovative development and mastering of material aspects of nature. The technogenic character of the emerging innovation process levels out the activities associated with the intensive type of creativity, aimed at the meaning-creating and existential aspects of human existence. Conclusion. Minimization of negative consequences presupposes the strengthening of the humanitarian component in education, allowing to form a culture of “pause of contemplation” (Grigory Pomerantz), in which technology will acquire, as it was suggested by J. Naisbitt himself, a fullness of meaning that goes beyond instrumental values into the realm of ethical and existential ones.

Economic assessment of ecological damage to surface waters as a result of emergency situation

The purpose of the present research is the analysis of emergence of the most probable emergency situations on the hydrotechnical object which is long time in operation, and also economic assessment of effects of surface water pollution of emergence of the emergency situation which resulted on hydrotechnical construction on the example of Raychikhinsky state district power plant. Hydrodynamic accidents happen because of design errors, constructive defects of constructions, violations of the rules of operation, discrepancy of spillways and spillovers of water through dams more often. Besides, it is impossible to miss possibility of acts of sabotage and blows to such constructions. Hydrodynamic accidents are consequence of failure of hydrotechnical constructions therefore the uncontrollable, powerful flow of huge mass of water with high speed floods extensive territories, bearing destructions and death of people. In the provided article the main characteristics of hydrotechnical constructions of Raychikhinsky state district power plant are in detail considered, the main dangers to the population at accidents on these constructions are defined, scenarios of possible accidents and emergency situations of natural and technogenic character are considered, economic assessment of the ecological damage caused to surface waters is provided. Safety of the population and steady functioning of the main objects of economy is provided with minimizing of probability of emergence and minimization of damage from the listed dangers.

Chemical pollution of soils of the Primorsky Region as a risk factor for population health

The article presents the results of a hygienic study to assess the chemical contamination of soils in residential areas of Primorsky Krai based on the results of social and hygienic monitoring from 2018 to 2020. The analysis of the actual concentrations of heavy metals in the soil was carried out for 7 chemical elements: lead, zinc, copper, nickel, cadmium, manganese, mercury in 12 administrative territories of the region. Soil safety control points are certified using a system of geoinformation technologies. It has been established that a feature of the administrative territories of the northern part of the region is a sharp predominance of natural sources of chemical pollution over all others. Contamination with toxic elements of soils in the southern part of the region, especially in places of compact residence of the population, is of a pronounced technogenic character. The leading mechanism for the accumulation of microelements in the soils of the cities of Primorsky Krai is their intake from the atmospheric air, heavily polluted by man-made emissions, the leading sources of which are motor vehicles, railroad and sea transport.

Student-centered technology in the professional training of future biology teachers for the regional component

One of the most pressing global problems today is the prevention of environmental crises is achieved only through targeted actions of people. In this regard, the search for ways out of the environmental crisis is being carried out, which is reflected in the laws "On environmental protection of the Republic of Kazakhstan", "Emergencies of natural and technogenic character ", as well as in state documents dedicated to environmental issues. as the "National Action Plan for Environmental Protection for Sustainable Development" adopted in our country. An environmental crisis is not the result of some mistakes in the technical or social development of society, it is a manifestation of a cultural crisis, which includes the relationship of people with each other and the system of interaction between society and nature. To get out of it, people need to master new value-normalized relationships, expand their environmental outlook, change the motto “economic efficiency” of society as a whole to “environmental efficiency.” We believe that it is necessary to develop a new system of continuous environmental education and training to support these new trends and changes in cognitive / by cognitive /, value and practical orientation of the content of education. From this point of view, we tried to study the bioecological characteristics of plants in the Aral region of the Kyzylorda region as a regional component of teaching biology and to include the results obtained in the educational process. Studying the biology and ecology of plants in the Aral region of the Kyzylorda region, students express their patriotic feelings before their homeland, responsibility and views on nature conservation. Keywords: Aral region, environmental education, educational process, teacher training.

The processes of transformation of literary consciousness: cognitive analysis

The article deals with the study of the transformation of literary consciousness in creativity. The situation of the emergence of new forms of figurative thinking in artistic discourse is considered based on the example of works of modern Kazakh literature. The mental operations carried out in the course of the creative process are studied in the framework of cognitive analysis. In philosophical science, one of the most important research areas for understanding the essence of human existence is the theory of consciousness. Human consciousness in the XXI century is going through the process of adaptation to a new era under the influence of various social, cultural, historical factors. In particular, the impact of information technology on human reality, worldview, and outlook is especially important. The active introduction of intensively developing technologies into human life has made significant changes in his spiritual world. The actions of a modern person, such as behavior, thinking, speech, are closely connected with digital technologies, and this phenomenon indicates that humanity has entered a new formation. The observation of such spiritual phenomena in literary creativity is quite natural. In this regard, the article includes the attempts to justify the relevance of studying the issues of the theory of consciousness in the field of literary criticism. Contemporary artistic thought and narrative system of literature are distinguished by the technogenic character of the author's consciousness. The article was prepared according to the project AP09259694 «Modern literary studies and cognitive paradigm».

ОСВІТНЯ СФЕРА — ВАЖЛИВИЙ ЧИННИК ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ

Розглянуто актуальні теоретико-методологічні, методичні та практичні питання ролі освіти в забезпеченні сталого розвитку та досягнення соціальної стабільності в умовах трансформаційних процесів, що відбуваються як в Україні, так і у світі загалом. Це видається важливим, адже в нашій країні нині є багато нових загроз, що зумовлює необхідність виявлення чинників, які можуть мати на них вплив передусім у сенсі пом’якшення. У зв’язку з цим досліджуються проблеми, пов’язані з виявленням та розкриттям факторів, які впливають як позитивно, так і негативно на забезпечення зростання соціальної стабільності та сталого розвитку, зокрема соціально-виробничого, інноваційно-технологічного, природно-техногенного характеру в умовах здійснення глибоких трансформаційних процесів. Серед чинників, які характеризують та обумовлюють соціально-стабільне середовище, важливе значення також мають чисельність населення, рівень урбанізації, стан розвитку виробничої та соціальної інфраструктури тощо. Водночас велику роль відіграє взаємодія різних факторів, чому сприяє їх динамізм, результативність та гармонізація. Зазначене має бути метою державної політики, спрямованої на досягнення взаємодії процесів суспільного споживання і відновлення природних ресурсів, на гармонійне співвідношення економічних, соціальних та екологічних цілей і потреб задля подолання як зовнішніх, так і внутрішніх загроз. У досягненні сталого розвитку особливе значення належить освітній сфері, яка є важливим фактором забезпечення соціальної стабільності. Заразом особлива увага в контексті освітньої сфери як чинника, що здійснює важливий вплив, приділяється інноваційним технологіям, людському та іншим видам капіталів. У рамках дослідження різних аспектів освітньої сфери також розглядаються практичні підходи до формування соціальної політики, направленої на успішне вирішення сучасних проблем розвитку цивілізації.

Effect of oil pollution on the ecological condition of soils and bottom sediments of the arctic region (Yakutia)

Oil and petroleum products are known to be among the most widespread soil pollutants. The risk of emergencies is sure to increase greatly in conditions of abnormally low temperatures. Oil and oil products are not only toxic to the environment, but can also have a negative impact on the state of the permafrost zone, accelerating the processes of permafrost degradation. The goal of the research was to study the soils and bottom sediments for oil pollution in the Arctic region of Yakutia. The research was carried out with using the complex of geochemical and microbiological methods of analysis. It had shown that at present oil pollution was mainly concentrated on the objects bearing a high technogenic load. However, some migration of hydrocarbons was observed with melt, seasonal melt and rainwaters, as a result of which the natural background of the nearby territories became technogenic character. In the Arctic conditions for the first time according to the obtained data on geochemical and microbiological studies oxidative destruction of oil pollutants in soil occurred mainly under the influence of physic and chemical environmental factors, not by microbial oxidation. Sluggish processes of mineralization of organic residues and the transformation of oil pollutants by the type of putrefaction led to the colonization of oil-polluted soils of the Arctic with putrefying and pathogenic microorganisms. The purpose of further research will be studying the possibility of intensification of soil remediation processes of technologically disturbed soils at abnormally low temperatures.

DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF REGISTRATION OF INDIRECT SIGNS OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS OF TECHNOGENIC CHARACTER AT CRITICAL INFRINGED OBJECTS

In the work on the basis of the analysis of vulnerability of objects of critical infrastructure, the mathematical model of registration of indirect signs of emergence of an emergency situation of technogenic character on objects of critical infrastructure is developed. The main parameters of the functional environment of mathematical model formation are analyzed and the basic equations of interrelation between variable and invariant parameters are determined. A description of the mathematical model is given. Mathematical model of registration of indirect signs of man-made emergency at critical infrastructure facilities, represents a system of five dependencies, represents a system of five dependencies. The first dependence allows you to calculate the current value of the probabilities of emergencies on the overpass depending on the number of possible typical emergencies, system load and the current number of requests received for maintenance. The second dependence evaluates the situational background of motor vehicles as a working hypothesis that the emergency situation will not lead to long-term deviations from the normal operation of the overpass. The third dependence evaluates the situational background of motor vehicles as a working hypothesis that the consequences of the emergency situation will lead to the decommissioning of the overpass and the implementation of restoration and repair work. Fourth, and allow you to estimate the load of the queuing system on the total time of employment of the system and the number of vehicles that are at this key junction of the highway. The fifth dependency allows you to estimate the load of the queuing system on the basis of actual, statistical data, including current ones. Key words: emergency situation, acoustic control, critical infrastructure objects

Analysis and numerical comparative assessment of risks of emergency situations of technogenic character in the territory of Ukraine

Subject. Processes of man-made emergencies on the territory of the state and its regions.
 Theme of work. Analysis and quantitative comparative assessment of risks of man-made emergencies on the territory of Ukraine. The purpose of the work. Comprehensive analysis of risks of man-made emergencies on the territory of the state and determination of the most technogenic regions of the country. Research methodology. Comparative assessment of the state of man-made threats of the territory and population of the regions of the state is carried out by comparing the average annual number of man-made emergencies in each region and the state as a whole, taking into account the density of the population. Criteria for classification of the territory and population of the regions of the state according to the level of man-made threats are proposed: relatively optimal, relatively acceptable, unacceptable. Research results. The method of quantitative comparative assessment of risks of emergencies of technogenic character on the territory of the state is offered and regions of the country with rather optimum, rather admissible and unacceptable level of technogenic threats for the territory and the population of regions of the state are defined. Conclusions and scope of research results. The analysis of the state of man-caused danger in the regions of Ukraine showed that each of them has its own levels of man-made threat, which must be taken into account to adequately respond to emergencies of different nature. As a result of research on the basis of the proposed methodology, it is established that the unacceptable level of man-made threats to the territory and population is typical for Donetsk, Luhansk, Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv and Lviv regions. This indicates the low effectiveness of measures to prevent man-made emergencies in these areas of the country. The obtained results of the research are the foundation for substantiation of organizational and technical measures to prevent and adequately respond to civil defense forces to emergencies of man-made nature both in the state and its regions.

АДМИНИСТРАТИВНОЕ ПРИНУЖДЕНИЕ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ ТЕОРИИ, ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА, ПРАКТИКИ

The paper deals with the mechanism of administrative coercion. The peculiarity of the article content is a system analysis of the problems of theoretical, normative-legal and empirical (law-enforcement) aspects. The author defines the essence of administrative coercion, based on the modern system of legislative regulation and practice of its application, which has developed since March 2020. The article explores various aspects of administrative coercion. It is pointed out that the knowledge of administrative-legal coercion is impossible without its consideration in interre-lation with such categories as freedom, expediency, administrative responsibility.On the basis of the analysis of some coercive measures, applied in the conditions of pandemic, their legal assessment is given. Attention is drawn to the fact that in conditions of pandemic the measures of constraint which, according to their developers, fully conform to the require-ments of the Federal law "About protection of the population and territories against emergen-cies of natural and technogenic character" were and are often taken. It is not so! This Federal Law defines the general organizational and legal norms in the field of population and territory protection from emergencies, its effect covers the relations arising in the process of activity of state authorities of the Russian Federation and subjects of the Russian Federation, local authorities, as well as organizations and population in the field of population and territory protection from emergencies. In the context of the epidemic, the debate about the balance between voluntary submission and coercion in the form of fear of responsibility has intensified. Under conditions of uncer-tainty and unpredictability of the situation, the reality of risks, the legal regulation should be oriented towards protecting the population, excluding compromises and exceptions, blanket norms. But always possible in such conditions situations when the state in order to protect citizens, applies coercive measures not based on the law, when they are forced to be estab-lished by the executive authorities. The author of article used following methods: system analysis, dialectical, logical, com-parative-legal, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. As a result of the study conclusions were drawn that doctrine and practice convincingly prove that measures of administrative coercion should be formalized as much as possible. When the need arises to apply them, there is no time to discuss what measures, when, to what extent to apply. It is necessary to apply what is already there. When the situation returns to normal, the applied measures should be analysed and both the substantive norms and even more carefully the procedural norms should be improved. Provisions on executive authorities should include a mandatory section on "coercive measures applied by these authorities, grounds and procedure for their application".

Analysis of seismic vibrations excited by a moving railway construction

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of seismic vibrations generated by a fast moving train. The possibility of using seismic vibrations of technogenic character, created by the vehicle itself and recorded by the equipment used in seismic exploration of the subsoil, to detect and localize areas of the geomedium under the tracks and in its vicinity, prone to karst phenomena, where the risk of accidents is increased, is investigated. The main physical mechanisms for the excitation of seismic waves traveling along the free surface and going deep into the earth are listed. Particular attention is paid to Rayleigh surface waves, which dominate at small and medium distances from the path at frequencies up to the first tens of hertz. The calculation of the spectrum of the surface Rayleigh wave, prevailing in the seismic response recorded at the indicated distances, has been performed. The amplitude-frequency characteristics and their dependence on the velocity of movement and on the difference in the velocity of propagation of elastic waves in the sedimentary strata are considered. The graphs of the seismic wave response spectrum at several values of the velocity of movement and parameters of the upper layer of the sedimentary strata are shown as a relief on the plane of arguments: frequency - distance along the perpendicular. The effect of the frequency dispersion of the velocity of propagation of surface waves in a layered structure under the mainline on the spectrum of the wave response is analyzed. The characteristic features in the relief, depicting the spectrum in two-coordinate representation, are considered as informative features that are laid down in the algorithms for monitoring the layered structure of the soil, as well as the basis for the operation of diagnostic systems for local anomalies caused by karst phenomena under the highway.

Інформаційно-аналітичне забезпечення процесу попередження надзвичайних ситуацій на об’єктах хімічної промисловості

The paper considers the process of forming the main approaches to the development of information and analytical support of the process of prevention of emergencies of man-made nature at the chemical industry in conditions of excessive man-made load, taking into account modern capabilities of QR-coding technologies. Analysis of the current state of the issue convincingly proves that given Ukraine's orientation to European standards in the field of civil protection, there is a need to generalize and implement international experience in creating and operating management systems in emergencies, based on modern information and communication technologies, especially emergencies of technogenic character on objects of the chemical industry in the conditions of excessive technogenic loading. The conditions of integration of existing domestic approaches to the prevention of man-made emergencies at chemical facilities in the con-ditions of excessive man-caused load in the information-analytical space of the European Community, which allowed to form the basis of the methodological apparatus for developing information technology for man-made emergencies chemical industry projects in the conditions of excessive technogenic loading, taking into account modern possibilities of QR - coding and to define group of boundary conditions which are formed as corresponding restrictions of derivative consequences of an emergency situation. The information technology of analytical support of man-made emergency management at chemical industry facilities in the conditions of excessive man-caused load has been developed, which allows to introduce innovative approaches to emergency management into the daily activities of practical units of SES of different hierarchical level of subordination. The results obtained in this work allow us to further develop a number of practical recommendations, which relate primarily to the harmonization of domestic approaches and practices to the requirements of the European Community. Such harmonization should be based on the principles of comprehensive assistance to the population in the event of emergencies that threaten health, life, property or the environment, other dangerous and catastrophic events.

APPLICATION OF FIELD THEORY APPARATUS FOR DESCRIPTION OF AIR MOVEMENT IN MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF PREVENTION OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS OF TECHNOGENIC CHARACTERISTIC CHARACTER

Ivan Kerchief, Oleg Mirochnik, Larysa Pereverzieva APPLICATION OF FIELD THEORY APPARATUS FOR DESCRIPTION OF AIR MOVEMENT IN MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF PREVENTION OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS OF TECHNOGENIC CHARACTERISTIC CHARACTER The main provisions of the field theory for the description of air movement processes in the closed premises of administrative buildings in the conditions of emergence of an emergency situation of technogenic character are defined in the work. Based on which the main assumptions are made regarding the problem of mathematical description of the process of air injection into the local volume using a filter ventilation unit in the interests of protecting people from the damaging factors of radioactive and chemical contamination in enclosed office buildings in a man-made emergency. A detailed analysis of the existing regulatory and methodological framework on the issues under consideration allowed us to state the following - known means of protection against radioactive and chemical contamination of the atmosphere are implemented in special protective structures, which are in large numbers in Ukraine, but for objective reasons (obsolete physically and morally) can not be used for its intended purpose. Existing methods of building temporary shelters cannot be implemented due to the rapid development of emergencies at present. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and propose new designs of special rooms in office buildings in the interests of protection and rescue of people from the harmful factors of hazardous substances sprayed into the atmosphere as a result of man-made disasters, which in turn should be based on modern methodological apparatus. closed premises of administrative buildings in the conditions of emergence of an emergency of technogenic character. Given the above, the properties of the vector function used to describe magnetic and other physical fields that do not contradict the provisions of gas dynamics and can be used to describe the problems of air injection in the local volume were considered. It is noted that the direction and modulus of the vector determine the direction and velocity of the air flow through the elementary site. In addition, the vector function allows you to represent (conditionally divide) the air flow as elements of lines or elements of surfaces. Thus, the properties of the vector function allow to use it to describe the processes of air injection into the local volume in the mathematical model of protection of people from the damaging factors of radioactive and chemical pollution in temporary shelters in office buildings in order to protect the population from the damaging factors of radioactive and chemical pollution. arising from man-made accidents and catastrophes. Key words: emergency situation, field theory, administrative buildings.

Hydrotechnical structures

When using modern methods of analyzing information about accidents at hydrotechnical structures, one can make forecasts of the probability accidents and calculate the possible consequences. Estimation of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the accident at HTS barrage regulatory structure on the river Bolshoy Uzen near the village Alexandrov Gai of Alexandrov-Gai district Saratov region, the emergency situations and their consequences was carried out in accordance with the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 21.05.07 N° 304 “On the classification of emergency situations of natural and technogenic character” (with amendments and additions of May 17, 2011). According to the decree of the Government dated 21.05.07 N° 304 “On the classification of emergency situations of natural and technogenic character” the accident at HTS barrage regulatory structure of Alexandrov-Gai district refers to the emergency situation of municipal character, as in the breakout barrage regulatory structure the emergency zone does not extend beyond the territory of the municipality; in the case of hydrodynamic accident the life of people, property of individuals and legal persons, the environment will not damage, and the total amount of detriment caused by damage to the health of 1 person and water supply disruption (the most difficult situation), will not exceed 5 million rubles. The object is not potentially dangerous.

Features of obtaining of biological material during emergency incidents with human victims, its referral and forensic chemical examination

In this article, we consider features of the referral of biological material and assessment of medical and legal chemical researches at emergencies of technogenic character, plane crashes, the fires with the numerous human victims. Practical recommendations on obtaining of biological material for a research on volatile organic compounds, including ethyl alcohol and its metabolites, volatile products of burning, including monoxide of carbon and cyanides are made. Features and the recommended order of conducting judicial and chemical examination at emergencies are designated.

Information support for sustainable development of coastal areas of the Far East

The article considers problems and prospects of reducing the risks of occurrence of emergency situations of natural and technogenic character in the coastal river areas, as well as the usage for operational informing of the population of a comprehensive system that includes Federal, regional and local information centres. It is shown that the solution of the problem is based on the formation of information about emergency situations, their consequences, the state of radiation, chemical, medical, biological, explosive, fire and environmental safety in these areas, taking into account the coastal and transboundary situation to ensure their sustainable development. The authors defined the indicators and presented a strategy for collecting information and proposed a comprehensive system of support for management decisions aimed at preventing natural and man-made emergencies for the river coastal territory (RCT) of the Far East regions.

REGIONAL PECULIARITIES OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE BIOSPHERE AND THE HUMAN BODY

From literary data it is known the investigation of contents and influence on an organism of chemical elements to be urgent, the carrying out such researches in the urbanized territories is especially important. The Orenburg region as production and processing of minerals (metal ore, hydrocarbons, etc.) undoubtedly treats such territories having been conducted since the 12th century. In this regard in the territory of the Orenburg region, the complex large-scale research of the trace element status of the territory is implemented. In 35 administrative regions of area samples of a surrounding environment and biosubstrate (hair) of constantly living population was taken. Research on the detection of chemical elements (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb) in biosubstrate were carried out in the Autonomous non-profit organization “Center for Biotic Medicine”, and samples of a surrounding environment were examined in laboratories of the Exploring Center "All-Russian scientific research institute of meat cattle breeding" of the Russian Academy of Agrarian Sciences. Results of researches show factors of natural and technogenic character to have an impact on the maintenance of essential and toxic minerals in the environment. In underground waters, there was established the minimum content of zincum, copper, cadmium, and lead to be revealed in samples from areas of the Western and the Central Orenburg region. Moreover, the concentration of zincum, copper, cadmium, and lead in water of East zone, achieves the threshold limit value. The concentration in soils of zincum and copper was found to correspond to the maximum allowable concentration in samples from the East Orenburg region. The performed research of trace element structure of hair of the population of the Orenburg region showed both the content of the vital chemical elements (Zincum and copper) in an organism of the studied population to fail to correspond to reference values, the increased level of the studied elements (woman) in inhabitants of East zone, and the lower level zincum and copper in the examined population of the Central and Western area. The correlation and regression analysis allowed to establish the content of chemical elements in the soil to have the significant, reliable (p ≤ 0.05) influence on the element status of the examined residents of the Orenburg region.

SELECTION OF BEHAVIORAL STRATEGIES FOR OBJECT MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF SITUATIONAL CHANGES IN THEIR STATES

In relation to the tasks of active counteraction to the dangers and threats of technogenic, military, socio-political and financial-economic character in the objects of management (for example, industry associations of the military-industrial complex), the activity of the management (in a generalized representation, the decision-maker (LPR) in order to choose the most optimal behavioral strategy (strategies) of the LPR in relation to scenarios of emergency situations that are the consequence of the impact on the management of these types of hazards and threats. It is proposed to use formal-logical methods to select strategies.

ОСНОВНЫЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ ПОНАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКОМУ ОБОСНОВАНИЮ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИВ АРКТИЧЕСКОЙ ЗОНЕ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

The development of the natural resources of the Russian Arctic requires special attention to the prevention of possible emergency situations of a natural, technogenic and ecological character of a very vulnerable Arctic nature. The long- term approach to the development of spaces and resources of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation without taking into account the nature of the impact of a particular activity on the environment has led to the formation of local areas of high environmental stress. This required an early transition to a different model of the development of productive forces and setting targets for ensuring environmental safety in the Arctic region.

Assessment of reliability of the building on the example of a house

The analysis of accident rate of construction objects of different level of responsibility and functional purpose in Ukraine from 1997 according to statistical data at transfer of their frequency to the average number of accidents in a year presents to 5x10-5. Such density of a stream of accidents of buildings and constructions in Ukraine exceeds indicators of countries of Western Europe almost ten times. Due to the wear of a large number of buildings and constructions, amounts of works connected with technical inspection grow. Need of carrying out such works arises in cases: elimination of the shortcomings allowed at design, production of construction elements and building, in case of mitigation of consequences of emergency situations of natural or technogenic character, in case of reconstruction and modernization of buildings, at detection of need of carrying out repair work, at certification of buildings, at their privatization, etc. Therefore, at a certain stage of life cycle of the building need reliable estimation of their technical condition. Four-storeyed house has been chosen as object of a research. This building is partially destroyed as a result of accident. The analysis of the actual technical condition of an object was made in four stages. - the first stage - the analysis of an object (studying of basic data and the project documentation) and visual inspection; - the second stage - carrying out natural instrumental researches; - the third stage - the analysis of the tensely-deformed state of an object, test calculations of building constructions regarding a possibility of renewal of the destroyed designs and further operation;  the fourth stage - study of the conducted researches and determination of the actual technical condition of an object. Each investigation phase and the received results are in details described in work. The reasons of destructions of the residential building are analysed and were given a number of recommendations concerning his restoration.