Psychological Techniques Research Articles

Exploring special guardianship: experiences of school belonging from the perspectives of the young people, guardians, and designated teachers

ABSTRACT This research explores school belonging (SB) experiences of young people in the UK who live under the legal status of a special guardianship order (SGO). A high proportion of these young people have had adverse childhood experiences, some are care experienced. This research uses case study to triangulate the perspectives of the young people, their guardians, and designated teachers (DTs) to develop understanding of school belonging, and considers the implications for educational psychologists (EPs), school policy, and staff practice. Seven case studies were undertaken, each including a young person, their guardian/s and their school DT, resulting in 21 semi-structured interviews. A hierarchical structured approach was used in all adult interviews, and personal construct psychology techniques were used in young people’s interviews. Individual case data were analysed using thematic analysis. Superordinate themes generated included identity, fitting in, diagnosis, agency, individuality and association, school’s community connection, systems as obstacles, relationship and connection to others, protection and autonomy, school processes, support and features, and organisational change. The findings emphasise the broad influences on the school belonging of this group, including individual characteristics, peer and staff relationships, school processes, and the communication and interaction between school, home, and the wider community.

Medical and Social Characteristics of Living Conditions, Lifestyle, and Motivation to Become a Doctor among Students and Residents of Medical University

Background. The Russian national project “Healthcare” is aimed at providing the healthcare system with qualified doctors. Higher education institutions have a leading role in accomplishing such crucial state mission. The training of future doctors by medical universities is complicated by numerous medical and social issues associated with objective living conditions and subjective lifestyle as well as with a low motivation to become a doctor among students and residents.
 Purpose. To conduct a medical and social analysis of living conditions, lifestyle, and motivation to become a doctor among students and residents of medical university.
 Materials and methods. The research was based on the data of a medical and sociological analysis carried out from 2020 to 2023. The authors used sociological, psychological, and statistical techniques that are relevant to the study purpose and enable to assess living conditions, lifestyle, and motivation to become a doctor.
 The study subject was a representative sample (p<0.05) of 1007 students and residents at a medical university.
 Results. The living conditions of students and residents are considered as ambiguous, but generally favorable for achieving specialized learning and career-related outcomes at medical university. The lifestyle of students and residents is characterized by unhealthy tendencies (lack of physical activity, presence of some forms of self-destructive behavior, etc.), which in addition complicate the professional training. The motivation to become a doctor is affected more by the families of students and residents and less by the objective living conditions and subjective perceptions of lifestyle. The motivation has a positive modality, pronounced intensity, and pragmatic orientation.
 Conclusions. The professionalism of future doctors is usually developed depending on their motivation and in the context of their current living conditions at medical university. The shaping processes could be optimized by using suitable approaches to educational work and social support for students and residents.

Can the Reboot coaching programme support critical care nurses in coping with stressful clinical events? A mixed-methods evaluation assessing resilience, burnout, depression and turnover intentions

BackgroundCritical care nurses (CCNs) are routinely exposed to highly stressful situations, and at high-risk of suffering from work-related stress and developing burnout. Thus, supporting CCN wellbeing is crucial. One approach for delivering this support is by preparing CCNs for situations they may encounter, drawing on evidence-based techniques to strengthen psychological coping strategies. The current study tailored a Resilience-boosting psychological coaching programme [Reboot] to CCNs. Other healthcare staff receiving Reboot have reported improvements in confidence in coping with stressful clinical events and increased psychological resilience. The current study tailored Reboot for online, remote delivery to CCNs (as it had not previously been delivered to nurses, or in remote format), to (1) assess the feasibility of delivering Reboot remotely, and to (2) provide a preliminary assessment of whether Reboot could increase resilience, confidence in coping with adverse events and burnout.MethodsA single-arm mixed-methods (questionnaires, interviews) before-after feasibility study design was used. Feasibility was measured via demand, recruitment, and retention (recruitment goal: 80 CCNs, retention goal: 70% of recruited CCNs). Potential efficacy was measured via questionnaires at five timepoints; measures included confidence in coping with adverse events (Confidence scale), Resilience (Brief Resilience Scale), depression (PHQ-9) and burnout (Oldenburg-Burnout-Inventory). Intention to leave (current role, nursing more generally) was measured post-intervention. Interviews were analysed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis.ResultsResults suggest that delivering Reboot remotely is feasible and acceptable. Seventy-seven nurses were recruited, 81% of whom completed the 8-week intervention. Thus, the retention rate was over 10% higher than the target. Regarding preliminary efficacy, follow-up measures showed significant increases in resilience, confidence in coping with adverse events and reductions in depression, burnout, and intention to leave. Qualitative analysis suggested that CCNs found the psychological techniques helpful and particularly valued practical exercises that could be translated into everyday practice.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the feasibility of remote delivery of Reboot and potential efficacy for CCNs. Results are limited due to the single-arm feasibility design; thus, a larger trial with a control group is needed.

Support of Cancer Patients at the Stage of Early Rehabilitation: Possibilities of Postural Correction and Art Therapy Techniques

Introduction. Early rehabilitation of cancer patients after surgery plays an important role in their recovery and return to normal functioning. One of the tasks of this stage of treatment is to restore physical activity of the body, in particular, through postural correction. The medical aspects of this process are well described in the literature, however, the psychological aspects of the postural correction process are not sufficiently covered. Even fewer studies are devoted to restoring the psychological state of cancer patients. Purpose. Analysis of the possibilities of postural correction of cancer patients and the possibility of using art therapy techniques to normalize the psychological state during early rehabilitation.Theoretical justification. One of the key elements of postural correction is the restoration of the ability to maintain balance. For this purpose, special devices are used – stabilometric platforms. Another important element is the restoration of voluntary movements. For a more effective recovery, it is worth teaching patients the psychological adjustment to exercise movements. When the patient plans a movement, he forms a mental construct “task to be completed”, which promotes more precise movements. Restoration of their stable psychological state of cancer patients is possible, in particular, through art therapy techniques. One of the techniques, coloring mandalas, involves both hemispheres of the patients’ brains, triggering cognitive processes through the activation of fine motor skills. This provides a natural therapeutic process: the brain works initially on simple tasks and gradually moves on to more complex ones. The details of the mandala drawing are thought out in such a way that in the process of working on it, the patient focuses on his inner state – thoughts and feelings.Discussion. The importance of an integrated approach to the rehabilitation of cancer patients is increasingly emphasized in scientific papers. During the early rehabilitation period, the patient is in the most vulnerable state, both physically and psychologically. The use of psychological techniques can ensure that the patient can restore a more holistic image of himself both physically and internally.

미술심리평가기법을 이용한 자기분석적 집단미술치료가 초등학교 교사의 나의식에 미치는 영향

미술심리평가기법을 이용한 자기분석적 집단미술치료가 초등학교 교사의 나의식에 미치는 영향

Кризові етапи розвитку спортивної кар’єри спортсменів-одноборців та формування шляхів їх подолання

Purpose: to determine the crisis stages in the development of the sports career of single combat athletes and to formulate ways to overcome them. Material and methods. The following methods were used to solve the purpose of the study: theoretical analysis, systematization and generalization of data from scientific and methodological sources. Results: the achieved level of achievements in sports requires special abilities from young single combat athletes, the ultimate intensification of the training process, and the use of stimulation tools to achieve particularly high results. Increased physical and psychological stress in single combat sports leads to rapid depletion of physical strength, injuries, and occupational diseases - in order to show consistently high results in such difficult conditions, an athlete needs a special personal and motivational readiness. Sports activities are considered to be extreme types of human activity that are difficult to perform and require a person to exert extreme physical and mental strength. Extremity can be both objective, determined by the following factors: high level of psychological and physical stress, dangerous conditions of performance, strict selection conditions, high competition, etc., and subjective, determined by such factors as fear of pain, injury; fear of an «inconvenient» opponent, feeling of overstrain during the competition, etc. The ability of an athlete to «overcome» depends to a large extent on his/her personal characteristics: target orientations - dominance of «self orientation» or «task orientation», dominant values, level and degree of moral control over behavior, degree of concentration. Conclusions. It has been determined that the ability to control one's stream of thoughts should be trained regularly. The winning mindset of a single combat athlete is based on the ability to concentrate on the «right» thoughts. You can train the ability to concentrate through special training and meditation. A concentrated athlete is able to control his or her emotions during competitions. Regular work with the formation of the winner's mindset helps to develop constructive thinking. It is necessary to constantly apply psychological techniques in practice. The family and coach should help the athlete to win, support and guide him. Keywords: psychological barriers, psychology of the winner, mental state, martial arts.

Leisure and Festive Activities in Russian Army on Frontlines of World War I

The need to restore lost data on the last major war of the Russian Empire implies a comprehensive coverage of events during those years, including their non-combat component. Based on the study of the “Journals of Military Actions” of combat units, which reflect little-researched stories of non-combat realities of front-line life, the authors offer a new perspective on the military everyday life of the Russian Imperial Army. The article focuses on the “pleasant” and unexpected nuances of the daily lives of soldiers and officers during the difficult years of war. Researchers have turned to such facts of military reality during the specified period as the organization of the award procedure for the command staff and lower ranks, the organization of prayers as integral components of festive events, the conduct of state (imperial) and religious holidays, as well as recreational activities. This work provides an opportunity to obtain an objective understanding of the multifaceted life and everyday life of people in wartime conditions: when circumstances allowed, performances, games, and sports events were organized and held. Without theoretical knowledge in the field of psychology and stress management techniques, the command of the Russian army organized and encouraged activities aimed at alleviating the negative consequences of combat stress.

The gut-brain connection: elevating mental health and performance in sports and physical activity through imagery

Abstract Exploring the connections between imagery in sports and physical activity and the well-being of both the body and mind in relation to gut health is a new research area gaining in popularity. This interplay is crucial where peak performance requires the mind and body to be harmonious. Imagery techniques are powerful tools that athletes can tap into to optimize their gut-brain performance. Incorporating imagery techniques into training and performance routines is an accessible and low-cost psychological skills training technique.

A Study of Psychological Features Related to Creative Thinking Styles of University Students.

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the need for competitive, non-standard-thinking specialists who can shift from conventional thinking patterns, and quickly solve problems and situations, i.e., show creativity in certain conditions, as a quality inherent in every person who strives for comprehensive development. The purpose of the study is to determine the psychological features of the integral and creative style of thinking of students in the conditions of linguistic multiculturalism in the educational process and to identify factors and conditions that contribute to the most effective development of creativity. For theoretical investigation of the material, such methods as research and analysis of scientific literature and systematisation were used. As part of a practical investigation of the psychological characteristics of the creative personality of students, psychological and diagnostic techniques were selected and used. The result of this article is the identification of the psychological characteristics of the integral and creative style of thinking of students within a linguistic multicultural educational context. The research establishes the connection between creativity, as an integral quality, and intelligence, emphasizing the potential development of originality, independent thought, and idea generation. The study underscores the importance of fostering creative thinking within a multicultural linguistic framework and highlights the pivotal role of higher education and multicultural environments in nurturing essential professional qualities for future specialists. The practical importance of the study lies in the fact that its materials are of theoretical value for teachers of higher education, in particular, supervisors of student groups, and for students of various pedagogical and psychological specialities.

An Investigation into Psychological Influence Techniques Using Language and Visuals in Milk Advertising in English and Vietnamese

This study delves into the realm of advertising psychology, specifically focusing on the employment of psychological influence techniques in milk advertisements in both English and Vietnamese. In the contemporary advertising landscape, where consumers are constantly bombarded with messages, understanding the nuances of psychological tactics becomes imperative for marketers. The research explores various elements integral to advertising effectiveness, including language, imagery, color, headlines, design style, brand logos, messages, and calls to action. Emphasizing the pivotal role of imagery, the study investigates how visuals create initial impressions and captivate viewer attention. Additionally, it scrutinizes the impact of advertising language, a specialized form of communication designed to elicit specific reactions and behaviors from the target audience. Drawing on a theoretical foundation rooted in Halliday's social semiotics, the research builds upon Leeuwen's advancements in semiotic theory, proposing 33 techniques that leverage language and imagery to influence consumer psychology. To provide empirical insights, the study utilizes a system of techniques put forth by the authors: Andrews, Van Leeuwen, Van Baaren (2013). Through the analysis of English and Vietnamese milk advertisements, this investigation aims to elucidate the nuanced effects of language and imagery in shaping consumer perceptions and behaviors within the context of milk advertising.

Artistic-Methodological Research of Anwar Obidjan

This study investigates the importance of comic stories in the evolution of Uzbek prose, with a particular focus on the originality and critique of society embedded in Anwar Obidjon's work. Using biographical, structural, and psychological techniques, this study explores Obidjon's distinctive style, which is shaped by literary influences and traditions. Through the creation of comic characters, Obidjon skillfully exposes the ugliness of prevalent society, and provides reflections on contemporary issues. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of comic storytelling and its role in societal critique, and offer implications for the advancement of literary theory and practice.
 Highlight:
 
 Anwar Obidjon's comic stories become a lens for exposing the ugliness of society, reflecting on contemporary issues.
 The utilization of biographical, structural, and psychological techniques provides insight into Obidjon's distinctive literary style.
 This study contributes to increased understanding of the role of comic stories in societal critique in Uzbek prose.
 
 Keywords : Comic Stories, Style, Artistic Skills, Personality, Composition

Ideological-Aesthetic Significance of Stropha in the Poetry of the Independence Period

This study delves into the exploration of ideological-aesthetic and artistic poignancy within independence-era poetry through an analysis of strophic structures. Employing psychological, structural-poetic, and descriptive techniques, the research examines both the internal and external compositional properties of strophes. By focusing on the poetry of notable figures such as Sirozhiddin Sayyid, Fakhriyor, Abdulla Qutbiddin, Abdullah Sher, and Ulugbek Hamdam, various strophic structures are identified and analyzed. The conclusions drawn from this scientific inquiry serve as the foundation for advancing the scientific-theoretical understanding of lyrical genres in poetry, contributing valuable insights to the broader scholarly discourse.
 Highlights:
 
 The study investigates the intricate strophic structures of independence-era poetry, shedding light on their ideological-aesthetic significance.
 Psychological, structural-poetic, and descriptive techniques are utilized to dissect both internal and external compositional properties of strophes.
 By analyzing works of prominent poets like Sirozhiddin Sayyid and Abdullah Sher, the research contributes to a deeper understanding of lyrical genres and their artistic implications in poetry.
 
 Keywords: Strofa, Ideological-Aesthetic Property, Rhythm, Poetic Thought, Artistic Detail.

Cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of patients with chronic migraine and concomitant chronic insomnia: a prospective, randomized trial

To evaluate the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary program, including Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), in the treatment of patients with chronic migraine (CM) and concomitant chronic insomnia (CI). The study included 96 patients with CM and CI, average age 35.7±8.6. All patients underwent clinical interviews and testing using clinical and psychological techniques. Patients were randomized into two groups: group 1 received study treatment (an multudisciplinary program including CBT for pain and insomnia, combined with standard treatment for migraine), group 2 received standard treatment for migraine (preventive and acute pharmacotherapy for migraine, recommendations about lifestyle and sleep hygiene). All patients were assessed for clinical and psychological parameters before treatment and at 3, 6, 12 and 18 months follow-up. At 3 month follow-up a statistically significant improvement was observed in group 1: a decrease in the frequency of headaches and the use of painkillers, parameters on the Insomnia Severity Index (ITI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) (p<0.05). At 6, 12 and 18 months follow-up the achieved improvements were maintained. At 3 month follow-up, group 2 showed a statistically significant improvement in only 4 parameters: a decrease in the frequency of headaches and painkiller use, and parameters for ITI and MIDAS. These parameters increased to values that were not statistically significantly different from the parameters before treatment in group 2 at 6 month follow-up. At 3 month follow-up in group 165% of patients achieved clinical effect (CE) according to CM (headache frequency decreased by 50% or more), in group 2 - 40%, which was not statistically significantly different (p>0.001); in group 1, 76% of patients achieved CE according to CI (ITI decreased by 8 points or more), which is statistically significantly more than in group 2 with 45% of patients with CE (p<0.001). At 18 month follow-up, in group 1, 81.5% of patients achieved CE according to CM, which is statistically significantly more than in group 2 with 33% of patients with CE (p<0.001); in group 1, 85% of patients achieved CE according to CI, which is statistically significantly more than in group 2, where 38% of patients had CE (p<0.001). High effectiveness of CBT in patients with CM and combined CI was noted.

Tools for tomorrow: a scoping review of patient-facing tools for advance care planning.

Advance care planning (ACP) supports individuals in aligning their medical care with personal values and preferences in the face of serious illness. The variety of ACP tools available reflects diverse strategies intended to facilitate these critical conversations, yet evaluations of their effectiveness often show mixed results. Following the Arskey and O'Malley framework, this scoping review aims to synthesize the range of ACP tools targeted at patients and families, highlighting their characteristics and delivery methods to better understand their impact and development over time. Studies included focused on patient-facing ACP tools across all settings and mediums. Exclusions were applied to studies solely targeting healthcare providers or those only aiming at completion of advance directives without broader ACP discussions. Searches were conducted across PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Data were extracted using a predesigned spreadsheet, capturing study population, setting, intervention modality, and intervention theme. Tools were categorized by delivery method and further analyzed through a year-wise distribution to track trends and developments. We identified 99 unique patient-facing tools, with those focusing on counseling (31) and video technologies (21) being the most prevalent while others incorporated online platforms, print materials, games, or some combination of different delivery methods. Over half the tools were designed for specific patient groups, especially for various diseases and racial or ethnic communities. Recent years showed a surge in tool variety and innovation, including integrated patient portals and psychological techniques. The review demonstrates a broad array of innovative ACP tools that facilitate personalized and effective ACP. Our findings contribute to an enhanced understanding of their utilization and potential impacts, offering valuable insights for future tool development and policy making in ACP.

Assessment of Depression among IBD patients in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Specialized Hospital, Medical City, Iraq using the PHQ-9

Background: The management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) must take mental health into account because it might be difficult to find the best therapies and mental health resources. Anxiety and depression are the two psychological illnesses that IBD patients experience most frequently. The growing incidence of these mental illnesses encourages mental screening of every IBD patient at the initial session. There are easy-to-use, scientifically effective screening techniques for mental health issues. As important as or even more so than a therapy modality may be psychological techniques. Objective: To assess the level of depression among IBD patients in the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Specialized Hospital, Medical City, Ministry of Health and Environment. Patients and methods: The patients were provided with the three-page Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) as a self-administrated tool to learn more about their health. When completed, the doctor scans the completed questionnaire, verifies the "yes" responses, and then applies the diagnostic algorithms, which are briefly listed at the bottom of each page. This study was conducted on 98 patients with IBD attending the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Specialized Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad during the period from January – June 2022. Results: Of the total number of cases included in the study 47 (47.9%) were females and 51 (52.1%) were males. The highest frequency was for young adults, 48 cases (49%), and the lowest was for children, 9 (9.2%). There were 43 cases with Ulcerative Colitis and 55 with Crohn's disease. According to the PHQ-9 score, 26 cases (26.5%) had mild scores and 9 (9.2%) cases had severe scores. The highest frequency of PHQ-9 scores was in the moderately severe range with 44 (44.9%). Conclusion: Mild and moderate levels of depression were the most prevalent among IBD patients across all age and sex groups, which should encourage physicians to address the mental health status of their patients and to include mental health care in the routine checkup of their patients. Received: Feb,, 2023 Accepted: Oct, 2023 Published: Jan.2024

Психологічні підходи і техніки розвитку резильєнтності педагогів: зарубіжний досвід

This article explores the building of teacher resilience, a critical factor in sustaining educators' well-being and effectiveness in the face of various professional challenges. Resilience is understood as a person's ability to correctly allocate and use their own resources in difficult life circumstances, maintain psychological well-being and increase the level of functioning after experiencing stress. Based on the generalization of the results of the analysis of psychological sources, a number of approaches and psychological techniques for developing the resilience of teachers substantiated in foreign psychology have been singled out: cognitive-behavioral approach; an approach based on the principles of positive psychology; the concept of identifying and using the strengths and individual merits of teachers; creation and use of external resilience resources; application of psychological techniques of self-awareness; ensuring a healthy lifestyle and psychological well-being of teachers; building of teachers' resilience in the process of professional development and training. Foreign programs for the development of teacher resilience are aimed at strengthening psychological health with the help of such psychotechniques as reflection, meditation, stress management, mastering constructive strategies of coping behavior, maintaining a balance between work and personal life. Studying and using these strategies and techniques can help Ukrainian teachers maintain their psychological health in conditions of constant stress. Acquaintance with approaches to the development of teachers' resilience substantiated in foreign psychology can contribute to the development by Ukrainian scientists of psychological tools aimed at overcoming stressful situations, increasing professional and personal well-being, and building a more sustainable educational system.

ІННОВАЦІЙНІ ЗАХОДИ В УПРАВЛІННІ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНИМИ КОНФЛІКТАМИ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВІ В У СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ ВЕДЕННЯ БІЗНЕСУ

The article analyzes the role of conflicts in the development of enterprises and their employees. The authors of the article point to the critical importance of understanding internal conflicts to achieve efficiency and innovation in management. They divide conflicts into constructive ones, which contribute to the development of new optimization projects, and destructive ones, which lead to a break in relations and violation of cooperation norms. The author offers two main directions of conflict management: for constructive conflicts – identification of common positions and coordination of interests for joint problem solving; for destructive – identifying the interests of the parties to reach agreements. Enterprise management must provide clear guidance on requirements and organizational procedures, promote coordination and cooperation among employees, and establish common goals to motivate employees to work together to solve problems. The article emphasizes the need to develop a program-targeted approach to conflict management, which includes the development of a management system, the creation of coordination subsystems at each level of management, and the planning of actions to reconcile conflicts. The analysis of conflict situations should include the determination of the causes of the conflict, the topics of mutual disputes, the motivation of the participants and the direction of their actions. The article emphasizes that effective conflict management involves an integrated approach that ensures not only the resolution of existing contradictions, but also the development of positive aspects in the activities of the labor team. An important role is played by preventive measures, which help to avoid the occurrence of conflicts, as well as the readiness of management to resolve the conflict. The scientific novelty consists in the development and testing of a complex approach to the identification, analysis and resolution of organizational conflicts, which includes the use of innovative management methods and technologies. This study goes beyond traditional approaches to conflict resolution, proposing the integration of modern communication tools, psychological techniques, and strategic analysis to create an effective conflict management system in an enterprise.

Forensic features of methods of committing theft using methods of social engineering and information and telecommunication technologies

Many online media have recently been focusing on the topic of social engineering fraud. Business leaders, computer security experts, and lawyers, in particular, law enforcement officers, however, do not fully understand the kinds of frauds that can be conducted through or with the aid of the Internet and mobile communication, or the ramifications of such frauds for the future of e-commerce. The article will present a forensic characteristic of the system of actions for the preparation, commission and concealment of fraud using social engineering methods and information and telecommunications technologies. This paper has three principal goals. First, it will identify the principal types of social engineering frauds that law enforcement and regulatory authorities are observing. Second, it will explain the major psychological influence techniques that criminals use in conducting such frauds. Third, it will identify the patterns of preparation, commission and concealment of fraud of this type. The paper will begin by presenting a typology of the criminal and the forensic characteristics of his illegal activity. Also, will explore the principal psychological features of social engineering fraud. In conclusion, the features of the methods of committing fraud of the analyzed category of crimes will be summarized and its characteristic features will be revealed.

The Current Application of Traditional Forensic Psychological Testing Techniques—Analysis of the Application of Psychological Testing Technology in Basic Procuratorial Institutions

The Current Application of Traditional Forensic Psychological Testing Techniques—Analysis of the Application of Psychological Testing Technology in Basic Procuratorial Institutions

On the Redevelopment of Standards in Psychological Testing Techniques and Methods

On the Redevelopment of Standards in Psychological Testing Techniques and Methods