Кризові етапи розвитку спортивної кар’єри спортсменів-одноборців та формування шляхів їх подолання

Abstract

Purpose: to determine the crisis stages in the development of the sports career of single combat athletes and to formulate ways to overcome them. Material and methods. The following methods were used to solve the purpose of the study: theoretical analysis, systematization and generalization of data from scientific and methodological sources. Results: the achieved level of achievements in sports requires special abilities from young single combat athletes, the ultimate intensification of the training process, and the use of stimulation tools to achieve particularly high results. Increased physical and psychological stress in single combat sports leads to rapid depletion of physical strength, injuries, and occupational diseases - in order to show consistently high results in such difficult conditions, an athlete needs a special personal and motivational readiness. Sports activities are considered to be extreme types of human activity that are difficult to perform and require a person to exert extreme physical and mental strength. Extremity can be both objective, determined by the following factors: high level of psychological and physical stress, dangerous conditions of performance, strict selection conditions, high competition, etc., and subjective, determined by such factors as fear of pain, injury; fear of an «inconvenient» opponent, feeling of overstrain during the competition, etc. The ability of an athlete to «overcome» depends to a large extent on his/her personal characteristics: target orientations - dominance of «self orientation» or «task orientation», dominant values, level and degree of moral control over behavior, degree of concentration. Conclusions. It has been determined that the ability to control one's stream of thoughts should be trained regularly. The winning mindset of a single combat athlete is based on the ability to concentrate on the «right» thoughts. You can train the ability to concentrate through special training and meditation. A concentrated athlete is able to control his or her emotions during competitions. Regular work with the formation of the winner's mindset helps to develop constructive thinking. It is necessary to constantly apply psychological techniques in practice. The family and coach should help the athlete to win, support and guide him. Keywords: psychological barriers, psychology of the winner, mental state, martial arts.