Technical Re-equipment Research Articles

Reengineering of capital construction objects and reengineering of technological processes

Introduction. The article discusses two types of corporate-level reengineering of investment and construction activities: the qualitative transformation of capital construction projects (CCP) and technological processes. The implementation of the reengineering measures in respect of the CCP is studied as a dominant. All the mutual relations and interactions of anthropotechnical system elements and external environment are assembled around the CCP. The CCP is considered as the expression of the achieved result.
 Materials and methods. The study used legislative and normative documents regulating investment and construction activities in the Russian Federation as well as papers of domestic and foreign scientists. The examined normative and methodological materials allowed identifying criteria and factors of classification of reengineering measures at the level of “building project – building site” and on this basis establishing the composition of the reengineering of a CCP and reengineering of technological processes.
 Results. The article examines the normative component of the practical activity of the reengineering. It provides the following terms regulated by the current legislative base of construction: reconstruction, major repair, technical re-equipment, restoration. Separately, the definition of CCP reprofiling is suggested. Structural and functional relations within CCP and technological processes reengineering are studied.
 Conclusions. The research has demonstrated that the reengineering is an efficient mechanism of formation of a comfortable living environment based on achievements of science and technology, record and complete satisfaction of consumers’ demands, as well as the creation of competitive advantages for not only domestic construction establishments but also the whole national construction industry. All this made it possible to determine the genesis of the corporate level reengineering of investment and construction activities and to establish a structure of the CCP reengineering. In conclusion, the article presented the main directions for improving the efficiency of the reengineering mechanism. The role of information and analytical activity organization quality in this system of the measures is specially marked.

Agricultural Engineering in the Middle Volga Region in the late XIX – early XX century

Introduction. Observed in the late XIX – early XX centuries intensification of state participation in the development of the engineering industry was primarily due to the need to solve military-strategic problems against the background of militarization unfolding throughout the world. The support for certain areas of the so-called civil engineering was considered as one of the tools of overall economic growth and a way to increase the well-being of the people. One of these priority areas was agricultural engineering. This article will attempt to consider the development of the production of agricultural machinery and implements in the provinces of the Middle Volga region against the background of the development of this industry segment in Russia as a whole. Materials and Methods. In solving the research problems, archival materials, published data of official statistics, and also scientific literature were used. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was made by the methods of socio-economic history. The study was conducted on the basis of the principles of historicism, objectivity and systematic. The need for quantitative data processing led to the use of the statistical method. The use of modernization theory made it possible to include the development processes of the production of agricultural machinery and implements in the trend of industrial modernization. Results. Based on the study of archival and published sources, as well as the available scientific literature, the conditions, factors and basic parameters of the development of agricultural engineering in the provinces of the Middle Volga region in the late XIX – early XX centuries were examined in the context of general trends in the development of this industry on a national scale. The study showed that the first decade of the XX century is characterized by a rather dynamic development of domestic agricultural engineering, including in the Middle Volga. Several factors contributed to this: the trend of technical re-equipment of agriculture, improvement of market and transport infrastructure, the success of metallurgy in the region, customs protection, stimulation of producers through soft loans and bonuses, etc. Discussion and Conclusion. Despite the individual, mainly local successes in the development of agricultural engineering in the Middle Volga region, its role in the industrial and industrial structure of the region is hardly worth recognizing. Difficulties in the development of this area of engineering in the Middle Volga region were associated with increased competition from enterprises of industrially developed regions of Russia, foreign manufacturers, as well as handicraft production. The unfolding processes of monopolization had a double effect on agricultural engineering. On the one hand, they increased pressure on manufacturers, primarily from large metallurgical syndicates. On the other hand, the consolidation of agricultural machinery manufacturers at the beginning of the 20th century within the framework of the created monopolistic union contributed to the development of the industry as a whole and the creation of the most favorable conditions for industrial entrepreneurship in this area, including with the participation of the state.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОЇ СПРОМОЖНОСТІ НЕБАНКІВСЬКИХ ФІНАНСОВИХ ІНСТИТУТІВ УКРАЇНИ

Присвячено дослідженню інвестиційної спроможності небанківських фінансових інститутів України в часи фінансово-економічних криз. Наголошено, що попит на додаткові ресурси особливо посилюється під час технічного переоснащення економіки, що вимагає потужних інвестицій, а це, у свою чергу, продукує необхідність детального вивчення ролі небанківських фінансово-кредитних установ у забезпеченні постійного фінансування секторів економіки, виробничого процесу, економічно активних агентів. Проаналізовано основні індикатори розвитку небанківського фінансового сектору в період із 2006 року до 2016-го, такі як чисельність небанківських фінансових інститутів (страхових компаній, лізингових компаній, фінансових компаній, кредитних спілок та ломбардів), обсяги їхніх операцій, фінансові результати діяльності. Окреслено чинники, які послабили функціональну спроможність небанківських фінансових інститутів щодо трансформації заощаджень в інвестиції. Наведено розрахунки окремих показників і коефіцієнтів розвитку небанківського фінансового сектору України у 2008—2016 рр., які демонструють прояви наявних проблем у діяльності небанківських фінансових інститутів, а саме: коефіцієнт монетизації економіки, співвідношення активів сектору небанківських фінансових установ до ВВП країни, частка акцій та облігацій в активах небанківських фінансових установ, частка депозитів і грошових коштів в активах небанківських фінансових установ, та ін. На основі їхнього аналізу визначено чинники, які стали на заваді процесу розвитку небанківських фінансових інститутів в Україні. Наголошено, що, незважаючи на наявні проблеми, небанківські фінансові інститути мають достатній потенціал розширення інвестиційної діяльності за умов їхньої концентрації та нарощування активів, завдяки особливостям функціонування. Хоч і існує високий рівень конкуренції з боку банківських установ, небанківські фінансові інститути мають значні переваги, адже їхня особливість — кредитування у невеликих обсягах. Саме завдяки цьому вони можуть зміцніти свої конкурентні позиції в майбутньому.

Proposals for the development of the system of taxation of transport tax (passenger car transport)

The purpose of the study is to analyze the current system of transport taxation and develop proposals for its improvement. The article is devoted to the identification of ways to improve the system of taxation of transport tax on road transport in the Russian Federation, including the optimization of the current method of calculating the tax.Materials and methods. The article analyzes the literary sources of normative, reference and scientific literature on the organization of transport taxation. Based on the analysis of normative legal documentation the method of calculation of the transport tax on the automobile transport oper-ating in the Russian Federation is opened, shortcomings are revealed and the directions of its im-provement are designated. The statistical analysis of indicators of the taxation by the transport tax in the Russian Federation and Nizhny Novgorod Region is carried out. The authors also present statis-tical data on fuel prices in dynamics for three years, interrelation between the increase in the cost of fuel and the increase in fuel excises has been found. A generalization of the accumulated experience in the field of transport tax taxation in Russia and in foreign countries is given. The source data for this research were the materials of the report in the forms: 5-TN (2014-2017), NOM-1 (2014-2018), Internet information resources – бензин.рф and www.gks.ru.Results. This article highlights the features of the current system of taxation of transport tax, the importance of transport taxation for the formation of regional budgets. The inexpediency of replacing the transport tax with fuel excise is justified. The modified method of calculation of the transport tax on automobile transport, including for hybrid cars is developed. The values of the coefficients of environmental friendliness, market value, weight are proposed. In the process of analysis of statistical indicators of taxation the general trend of growth of tax revenues from individuals, reducing revenues from organizations was revealed. The tendency of fuel cost and fuel excise rates increase is established. The percentage ratio of the formation of the tax base for transport tax between taxpayers – legal entities and individuals is established. Conclusion. The use of the proposed methodology in practice will contribute to the implementation of the following regulatory principles of taxation: fairness, economic feasibility; as well as create the prerequisites for improving the environmental situation in the country by redirect-ing part of the funds from taxation to environmental funds. In this aspect, it is assumed that in view of the application of environmental coefficients, taxpayers will seek to upgrade their vehicles with more environmentally friendly, technical re-equipment of vehicles with modern and high environ-mental standards units. If the purpose of transport taxation is given, part of the collected funds can be directed to the development of transport infrastructure. The development of the tax system is an important area of the tax policy of the Russian Federation, as the optimization of the tax burden will contribute to the development of business, which will certainly have a positive impact on the financial and economic performance of enterprises in all spheres of activity.

Increasing the Homogeneity of Liquid Aerated Concrete Mixtures from Dispersed Brittle Materials by Their Vibromixing in the Manufacture of Building Products

Technical re-equipment in construction industry tends toward the wide use of cellular concrete. The formulation and advantages of these materials were analyzed. The technological difficulties in their manufacture were mentioned. The most difficult problem is to ensure uniformity by quickly mixing the aerated concrete mixtures of components that differ in composition and mass fraction before the start of active gas formation, gas retention, and especially solidification. These difficulties can be eliminated by using the new technique of vibrojet mixing of both Bingham and Newtonian media. Forced high-frequency vibration actually increases the thixotropy of the mixture regardless of the number of components and their mass and physicomechanical properties. At the same time, monitoring the vibration parameters increases the circulation and interaction of the generated submerged jet flows. Rheological models were developed to determine the technical characteristics of the mixer vibrodrive and the process parameters. Supercomputer modeling of various scenarios of vibrojet mixing in the FlowVision program allowed visualization and optimization of modes to completely exclude stagnant zones in the mixer. In a full-scale experiment, test samples were prepared from the aerated concrete mixtures obtained by centrifuging and vibromixing. Their growth and strength characteristics were compared in accordance with GOST (State Standard) 10180-2012. The results showed that the new method for the preparation of mixtures and products from aerated concrete is highly effective.

Concept, the essence of innovation and technological structures of agricultural business at enterprises in Ukraine

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to: generalize scientists' interpretation of the concept and essence of innovation; providing their author's definition; assessment of the development level of agro-industrial business in Ukrainian enterprises by technological structures; theoretical and methodological substantiation of the principles and development of practical recommendations aimed at the objective necessity of innovative activation development and increase of competitiveness of the agro-industrial business enterprises in the conditions of economy globalization. Methodology of research. The basic principles of economic theory, scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists, legislative and normative acts of the state authorities of Ukraine on the issues of innovative development of agro-industrial complex became the theoretical and methodical basis. The following research methods have been used: the dialectical method of cognition – in the study of transformational changes in the process of innovative development of agribusiness; historical – in the study of the evolution of innovation and the formation of technological structures for economic development; theoretical generalization and comparison – to study scientists' interpretation of the concept and nature of innovation; monographic – for coverage of indicators by technological structures; abstract and logical – in the theoretical generalization of the essence, the author's interpretation of the concept of innovation in the agro-industrial business, coverage of the content of scientific work and the formation of conclusions and proposals from this study. Findings. The article describes the historical process of innovative development of national economies of the world. It is concluded that innovation is the main functional characteristic of doing business. The goal of the entrepreneur is to use new, resource-saving technologies to produce high quality products, increase their sales, income and profits, achieve economic and social effects. Historically, 7 major technological structures have been identified. Each technological structure is distinguished by the development of a certain set of basic knowledge-intensive industries and technologies, characteristics of the organization of production, and is reflected by the relevant indicators of the latest achievements of scientific and technological progress. In developed countries (USA, Germany, England, France, Japan, China, etc.), technologies of the 5th form (period of its dominance 1970-2010) prevail and technologies of the 6th technological structure (period – 2010-2040) are formed). The industry of Ukraine, so far, is characterized mainly by technologies of the 3rd and 4th technological structures, their share in industrial production occupies about 96% and the share of industrial production of the 5th and 6th technological structures – 4%. In Ukraine, both the volume of production and the investment of capital for technical re-equipment and modernization are mainly at the level of the 3rd technological structure. Therefore, domestic industrial and food products cannot be competitive in the global market. Originality. The author's interpretation of the concept of "innovation in the agro-industrial business" is proposed. It is the accumulation of new knowledge, materialized: in high-efficiency, resource-saving technologies, technological elements; new varieties and hybrids of plants, breeds and breed groups of animals; machines, equipment, working parts and mechanisms; new types of fertilizers, chemical plant and animal protection products; new progressive forms of organization of production and labour, types of services, etc., established in research institutions recognized as expedient for use in practice, ensuring the economic and social efficiency and competitiveness of agro-industrial production. Practical value. Scientific, methodological and practical recommendations have been proposed, which makes it possible to develop the basic organizational, economic and managerial aspects regarding activation of capital investment for technical re-equipment and introduction of innovative, resource-saving technologies in the components of agro-industrial business of Ukraine. Key words: innovation; innovative process; innovative technologies; costs; economic effect; social effect; agro-industrial business; technological structures; product quality; competitiveness.

Investment in Agriculture: Methodology and Assessment

Food security issues have been addressed by many scientists in the framework of food policy development and government regulation of agro-industrial complex (agribusiness), where investment in agribusiness is the cost, expressed in monetary form, whose results are manifested over a long period of time or after a long period.The purpose of the article is to formulate a system of indicators for the analysis of agriculture when developing food policy.Methods. Application of modeling in the course of strategy development in investment activity allows taking into account the specifics of economic activity of agricultural enterprises and variability of efficiency. Results/Conclusion The main types of investment in agriculture are:  capital contributions in the form of investments of financial and material and technical resources in the reproduction of fixed assets, soil fertility, and water resources through new construction, expanded technical re-equipment, and maintenance of existing production;  investing capital in the creation of inventories;  financial resources in the form of shares, bonds and other securities, as well as the cost of the acquisition of treasures and bank deposits, financial assets. When developing food policy, the analysis of indicators characterizing the agricultural organization's performance allows obtaining consolidated indicator. Combining three integrated indicators calculated for each block of indicators (Block 1 – Analysis of crop production; Block 2 – Analysis of animal production; and Block 3 – Analysis of agricultural organizations performance), into consolidated indicator allows assessing the development of agriculture in general.

Energy-saving drying and its impact on corn kernel quality

Purpose and objective. The study purpose was to characterize the existing approaches to energy saving in chamber dryers, to evaluate the effect of a new method, which includes drying with use of alternative energy resources (plant fuel) on the technological, sowing and yielding properties of kernels of corn hybrids and their parents.Materials and Methods. Energy-saving drying by the new method was carried out under the factory conditions of the State Enterptise Experimental Production Farm “Dnipro” and OOO “Ahrosfera” (Dnipropetrovsk region).Seeds dried inside at 20–25°C and in a laboratory dryer at 38°C and forced air ventilation were taken as control. The following quality indicators were examined using the standard method and cold germination: the water content in grain and stems, 1000-kernel weight, thermal fissureness, germination energy and germinability. The water content in grain was determined by drying samples weighing 5 g in a SESH-3M drying oven at 130°C for 40 minutes. For corn grain with a water content of over 18%, two-stage drying was used with preliminary drying of the sample. Thermal and mechanical fissureness was determined by the method developed in the Institute of Agriculture of the Steppe Zone of NAAS of Ukraine.Results and Discussion. In the process of post-harvest treatment of corn kernels, thermal drying of wet cobs is the most energy-consuming technological operation, on which the seed quality depends. A list of existing methods for energy-saving in the drying process in corn chamber SKP dryers is given; their effects on the corn kernel quality were assessed. The methods include two-stage drying of cobs with grain drying, returning of the spent coolant to the drying zone (recirculation), and use of maximum permissible temperatures of cob heating. Coolant reversal and recirculation are of the greatest practical importance, since they reduce fuel consumption by 20–26%, fully preserving the kernel quality, and do not require significant technical and technological re-equipment of chamber corn driers. The fundamentally new trends in energy-saving with the use of plant fuel and heat generators for combustion have been defined.Conclusions. The effect of the new drying method on the technological, sowing and yielding properties of seeds of kernels of corn hybrids and their parents was studied. The new drying method had no negative effect on sowing and yielding properties. The laboratory germinability of the tested hybrids was 95–98%, which corresponds to the established standards.

Improving the hydrometeorological service of users based on application of modern information technologies

Improving the quality of hydrometeorological products and services for different categories of end users today is the most important task of the Hydrometeorological Service of Ukraine. Implementation of these measures involves a widespread use of modern technologies of hydrometeorological measurements as well as information and computing technologies such as Internet of Things, Big Data, Cloud Computing. The paper studies the current state and prospects of Internet of Things (IoT) application in hydrometeorological activities, particularly, in the work of hydrometeorological organizations of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine, in order to improve the quality of hydrometeorological products and services. Emergence of IoT became a new step in Internet and Web technologies use and ensured transition from static network to dynamic array of devices of all types and sizes employing electronics, software, sensors and network connectivity. It offers recommendations for intensifying the efforts aimed at implementation of this promising information technology into routine instrumental measurements, data collection and processing, as well as delivery of services to users. The recommendations present solutions to a number of technological, organizational and legal problems. Transition to a new technology should be carried out in stages and in the course of sensors and devices improvement, increase of speed and a reliability of communication channels. The most optimum solution may include a program-target approach based on a comprehensive program of development of the Hydrometeorological Service for the period of up to 5 years. This approach will make it possible to consider development of information technologies in a close relation with development of other activities of the Hydrometeorological Service: technical re-equipment of observation networks, improvement of the Hydrometeorological Service management as a whole and with regard to its separate units; strengthening its material and technical base, personnel potential etc.

Economic aspects of energy efficiency in Ukrainian agricultural enterprises` dairy farming

It was established that material and technical support of milk production process in agricultural enterprises is an important reserve for increasing economic stability on the basis of creation of high-tech and energy-efficient production management system. The directions of innovative provision of technological processes in dairy farming are outlined: forage conservation; keeping and feeding animals; creation of farms with waste heat utilization, mechanized feeding, milking, waste management (robotic farms); computerization of milk production accounting processes and the prediction of the genetic value of animals; milk quality control by means of electronic means for testing of fat and protein content in milk; systems of cooling and milk storage. It has been proved that energy expenditure in dairy farming depends on a large number of factors, in particular the methods of keeping farm animals and their productivity, the level of mechanization and automation of technological processes on the farm, etc. It is established that in determining the energy costs, energy expenditure is taken into account only for individual, often final, technological operations, resulting in an assessment of the efficiency of milk production that is incomplete, which does not allow to objectively determine the efficiency of technological solutions. Summarizing the aforementioned, it will be grounded that the reduction of energy consumption in the milk production is possible not only on the basis of technical re-equipment of equipment, reconstruction and replacement on the new, but also due to the formation of rational consumer behavior and the development of a sound management policy for the use of energy resources at all stages of production dairy products. It is proposed to create at the agricultural enterprises an appropriate unit for ensuring energy efficiency and the appointment of a manager. Moreover, the responsibility of the manager should be clearly regulated and controlled by the business owners to fulfill all the requirements of energy saving, which should result in the reduction of energy consumption. It is proved that the reduction of energy consumption for milk production is achieved on the basis of providing the microclimate by utilizing the heat that is in the air and is removed from the premises. Key words: dairy farming, agricultural enterprise, energy efficiency, energy resources, energy management.

Dynamics of general, occupational morbidity and industrial injuries of Kuzbass miners under the infl uence of technological changes and technical re-equipment of coal mines

Long-term statistical observations record the highest occupational morbidity in the Kemerovo region in comparison with the data for the Russian Federation as a whole. The article deals with the problems of General and occupational diseases, as well as industrial injuries of miners of coal mines of the Kemerovo region. Hypothesis of the study: technical re-equipment and technological improvements in the coal enterprises of the Kemerovo region will reduce the rates of General and occupational morbidity, as well as reduce injuries in the workplace. The aim of the study was to identify the relationship of General, occupational morbidity and occupational injuries with working conditions in coal enterprises.For statistical analysis, data on General, occupational morbidity, domestic and industrial injuries in the Coal company «Kuzbassrazrezugol» were used. Five groups of harmful production factors were studied: geological, technological, economic, environmental and social. Spearman correlation analysis was used to study the relationship. The extrapolation method was used to determine the stability of the identified dynamics. The interrelation of these parameters with harmful conditions of the production environment is revealed. The forecast of changes in the studied indicators under the influence of technical re-equipment and modernization of production is constructed. Statistical methods of extrapolation and correlation are applied. The Spearman coefficient for each pair of indicators is calculated and the forecast is constructed using a polynomial trend line.The following harmful production factors act on workers engaged in technological processes when conducting open-pit mining: increased levels of noise and vibration, infrasound, pollution of the atmosphere with coal dust and aerosols, unfavorable operating conditions. Th ese factors contribute to the formation of occupational diseases. Th ere is a reliable feedback between these features, and the increase in investment in the modernization of production will re duce the adverse impact on workers of environmental conditions.

FARM HOUSEHOLDS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY SECTOR

FARM HOUSEHOLDS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY SECTOR

Fuzzy evaluation of the technical re-equipment project efficiency

The article describes the computer implementation of an objective assessment and selection of the best project for the technical re-equipment of an industrial enterprise. Based on the opinions of experts, it is established that the efficiency of the technical re-equipment project is an integral indicator consisting of four aggregated characteristics: economic efficiency, technical and technological efficiency, social efficiency and environmental efficiency. Each of these characteristics consists of individual indicators, expressed in different units of measurement. Different perceptions by individuals of the importance of each of these indicators, as well as a wide variation in understanding how an effective technical re-equipment project should look, make the development of such an appraisal model relevant. The model of estimation is based on the ideas of the theory of fuzzy logic and fuzzy sets. The model is developed in the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox package of the MATLAB software environment.

The development strategy of the environmental safety of the electric power complex

Consideration of the environmental policy of the electric power complex is becoming relevant at the present time, since most of the power plants were commissioned more than 40-50 years ago, while technological modernization and updating of production capacity did not occur. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that the growth in the production of electric energy is practically not observed, while the volumes of consumption of coal and gas in the production of electric energy do not change, the use of fixed production assets is increased, as a result of which the standard period of use of the equipment is exceeded. Emissions of pollutants are slightly reduced only by categories of solid waste and sulfur dioxide, emissions of nitrogen oxides do not change, and emissions of carbon oxides increase. The work proposed a mechanism for the development of environmental safety of the electric power complex, containing directions for monitoring the technical condition of power equipment, introducing technical and technological re-equipment of generation facilities, assessing the level of reproduction of fixed production assets, determining the resource dependence of generation facilities and measures for organizing and managing the production process.

ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ГНУЧКОСТІ СИСТЕМИ ГОСПОДАРЮВАННЯ ЗАЛІЗОРУДНОГО ПІДПРИЄМСТВА ЗА УМОВ НЕСТАБІЛЬНОСТІ ПАРАМЕТРІВ ЙОГО РИНКОВОГО ПРОСТОРУ


 
 
 In crisis conditions of entrepreneurial activity and in the conditions of instability of the market environment, the issue of providing flexibility to the iron and steel enterprises management system becomes of paramount importance in order to optimize their production programs and maximize profitability. The article generates a generalized sequence of phases of the life cycle of iron ore production for specific periods of its operation in certain sectors of the market space. The phases of the life cycle of iron ore products are planned, which are planned to be implemented on priority and, to some extent, unpredictable sectors of the market space.The conceptual provisions of the system of monitoring the situation in the strategic zones of management of the iron ore enterprise have been developed, which allows solving the cardinal issues related to long-term forecasting taking into account adjustment of strategic goals and ways of their achievement in the field of modernization, technical re-equipment, reconstruction, reengineering, reorganization, reforming, restructuring of the iron ore enterprise.
 
 

ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING WORKPLACE NOISE LEVELS IN THE INDUSTRIAL PREMISES AND OVERVIEW OF THE OPTIONS FOR REDUCING THEM

The paper deals with the problem of excessive workplace noise levels of the production facilities, the existing levels at workplaces of the typical production facilities are assessed on the basis of the statistical data obtained as a result of in situ measurements. Typical technical measures which do not require technical re-equipment of the production facilities and enable reducing noise levels are considered.

Тенденції розвитку військово-морських сил країн-сусідів України за Чорноморським регіоном

During the last decade, events occurred that directly affected the countries of theBlack Searegion. The membership ofBulgariaandRomaniain the North Atlantic Alliance (NATO), the Georgian-Russian conflict, the illegal annexation of theCrimeanPeninsulaby the Russian Federation (RF) and changes in the political vectors of some states led to certain shifts in the balance of forces in the region. The military-political interests of all these countries directly intersect in theBlack Sea, and their naval forces (Navy) are part of the armed forces. That is why the analysis of the development plans of this type of armed forces of the countries of the specified region may reflect their interests and intentions for the future. The most informative indicator of the prospects for the development of the Navy is the process of re-equipping combat ships, which directly affects the effectiveness of this type of armed forces. The purpose of the article is to compile information on the technical re-equipment of the naval personnel of theBlack Sea region, to identify trends in the development of the Navy and to formulate recommendations on how to use them. The general trends in the re-equipment of the naval forces of theBlack Searegion are the predominance of universal specialization of modernized and new ships over ships of narrow specialization; focus on reconnaissance and surveillance, security and guard functions, as well as border functions, in particular, the fight against smuggling and manifestations of piracy. The article summarizes the program of updating the ship composition of the naval forces of the Black Sea region. The general tendencies of re-equipment of the naval personnel of the Navy are determined. The obtained results will be used in the future to determine the overall potential of the armed forces of the countries of the Black Sea region and to predict possible ways for the development of the military-political situation in the Black Sea region.

Модель організаційно-економічного механізму застосування ресурсозберігаючих технологій в молочному скотарстві

Further intensification of agricultural production should not occur due to extensive and intensive resource-intensive methods of production, but through the efficient use and preservation of existing production resources. Therefore, the strategic direction of effective domestic livestock breeding is resource conservation, which should become the basis of the strategy and tactics of the economic activity of a modern agricultural enterprise and state policy. This will satisfy the growing needs of consumption and use of livestock products, implement technical and technological re-equipment of the industry, maintain the existing natural potential of Ukraine and revive its economy. In combination with other agricultural innovations, resource-saving livestock breeding is the basis for the development of sustainable highly efficient agricultural production. A generalized characteristic of enterprises was developed according to the potential use of resource-saving technologies, the conditions for the application of modern technologies in animal husbandry at the level of an agricultural enterprise were determined, the study of which allows one to correctly evaluate the results of work, identify and use the reserves of growth, the economic potential of the enterprise, increase the efficiency of agricultural production and offer a model of organizational economic mechanism of resource use saving technologies and its effective functioning.

ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY AUTONOMY OF THE AIC DUE TO THE USE OF BIOFUELS

It has been substatiated in the article that renewable energy sources have recently become one of the important criteria for the sustainable development of rural areas. The emphasis is placed on the search for new and improved existing technologies for the production of alternative energy sources, expansion of their implementation areas. It is substantiated that the main reasons for such attention to the energy supply of rural territories are expected exhaustion of fossile fuels resourses, sharp increase in their prices, imperfections and low efficiency of their use technologies, harmful effects on the environment. It is shown that the situation of energy dependence can be changed by conducting the corresponding energy policy, improving the regulatory framework and attracting investment in the development of non-traditional and renewable energy sources. It is highlighted that Ukraine has sufficient opportunities to provide an adequate amount of biofuels, primarily through the use of biomass potential of agricultural crops and fast-growing energy crops. It is researched that in conditions of a complex socio-economic situation in Ukraine, a significant energy dependence on energy imports, the search for alternative energy sources is of particular relevance. It is estimated that Ukraine is among the dozens of countries - the largest consumers of energy resources, with a small share in the structure of the world's product. It is proved that energy saving today becomes one of the most important priorities of socio-economic development in the national and regional dimensions. The necessary condition for successful work in national and world agrarian markets is constant work on increasing the competitiveness of products, in particular, reducing its value by reducing the energy intensity of production. It is substantiated that agricultural producers are actively working on the issue of reducing energy consumption per unit of output. It is determined that the majority of these measures is aimed at increasing the productivity of agricultural crops, increasing productivity of the livestock sector, technical and technological re-equipment of the production process. It was emphasized that special attention should be paid to the branches of animal husbandry, because this industry is a serious source of alternative energy production. This applies not only the large live-stock producing agro-holdings but also the small households that operate in rural areas, for which live-stock production is subsidied by the state. Besides, it may become a source of energy supplies for their own needs as well. It was investigated that each year large livestock farms and poultry farms can receive environmentally friendly biofuels in an anaerobic way and significantly improve the quality of sewage. It is determined that thermal efficiency of cogeneration units of biogas production depends very much on equipment for electricity generation. For example, the use of gas-fired internal combustion engines has a thermal efficiency of 70% to 75%, while in the case of using gas turbines and boiler-wastes thermal efficiency can reach more than 90%. It is concluded that one of the ways to reduce the dependence on energy imports and to improve ecology in rural areas of Ukraine is to develop alternative energy generation in agro-industrial complex. Ukraine should create all opportunities for the development of innovative technologies for the implementation of renewable energy sources; to provide conditions for serial production and implementation of bioenergy facilities; to promote the formation of the equal competitive environment for different types of fuel. This will promote green energy production

Diamond core drilling process using intermittent flushing mode

Core drilling has been the main method for exploration of solid mineral deposits, also used widely for drilling engineering geological boreholes, hydrogeological wells, etc. But the efficiency of rock destruction during diamond drilling remains fairly low, especially in some difficult conditions. The main part of power on bottom-hole is wasted to heat generation. Diamond core drilling efficiency can be improved by using pulse flushing modes, particularly with pulse drilling fluid supply. A broad classification for possible drilling methods using pulse drilling fluid supply to the downhole has been presented herein. Among the wide variety of pulse flushing options, particular attention is paid to intermittent flush drilling with alternated on/off drilling fluid supply. Proposed technology is characterized by using standard diamond drilling bits and drilling equipment. Thus, transition to the proposed technology does not require significant technical re-equipment of the process and material costs. The results of bench drilling tests with intermittent flushing were presented. A criterion for drilling with intermittent flushing was introduced. Test results had shown that transition to intermittent flushing mode allows considerably improved penetration rate (by 1.18 to 2.2 times). Power on bottom-hole value and intermittency factor will affect drilling efficiency by using intermittent flushing. It is suggested that directional utilization of frictional heat energy in the bottom-hole used for rock destruction is one of physical principles that govern improving efficiency of drilling with intermittent flushing. The technology considered allows to utilize diamond drilling’s latent reserves and can become the key technologies to improvement of efficiency of the diamond core drilling.