Technical Policy Research Articles

IOT DEVICE SECURITY RISKS: A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES

The research paper delves into the intricate realm of IoT device security, unravelling the multifaceted risks and presenting a nuanced exploration of mitigation strategies. A comprehensive literature review unveils common security threads and the current state of IoT security measures. The subsequent analysis identifies security risks, including unauthorized access, encryption lapses, authentication weaknesses, physical vulnerabilities, and privacy concerns. Mitigation strategies encompass technical measures, policy frameworks, and user education, forming a holistic approach. The paper concludes by outlining recommendations for future research, emphasizing interdisciplinary collaboration, dynamic threat modelling, privacy-preserving technologies, standardization, certification, and blockchain integration. Envisioning a secure and connected future, the research underscores the pivotal role of manufacturers, policymakers, and users in shaping a resilient IoT landscape.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISE'S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY TO INCREASE ITS COMPETITIVENESS

The article examines the main elements of forming a strategy for the economic development of an agricultural enterprise. It is noted that in conditions of the market globalization and an unstable external and internal environment, in order to ensure the competitiveness of their own products, agricultural enterprises should use effective mechanisms of strategic management. Rapid changes in the market environment and the significant impact of scientific and technological development have increased the need for strategic management of agricultural business development. It was found that the systematicity and completeness of strategic planning are one of the important methodological elements in the process of scientific understanding, and the formation of a strategy for the economic development of an agricultural enterprise is a complex and multifaceted process. It is proved that the formation of the economic development strategy of the enterprises of the agrarian sector of the economy is a complex process that includes forecasting indicators of production intensification, which are based on the methods of economic analysis, in order to prevent possible threats, taking into account the need for resources, the evaluation of alternatives and high profitability. It was concluded that the strategy of economic development of an agricultural enterprise is one of the important prerequisites for increasing the level of its competitiveness. The use of new technologies, services, management methods for the purpose of qualitative changes in the technical and organizational policy of the enterprise is the basis of its economic development strategy, which creates competitive advantages. It is noted that increasing the quality of products and their attractiveness is one of the prerequisites for the formation of a modern strategy for the economic development of agrarian business structures. It was emphasized that expanding of own production and increasing of the market share, maintaining competitive advantages depends a lot on improving the quality of products. The basis for achieving sustainable financial results, profit maximization, and a good and reliable reputation among customers is solving the problem of improving product quality, which is an integral part of the company's development strategy. It is emphasized that the use of a balanced system of indicators in the strategic management system at the enterprise will allow to increase the effectiveness of strategic management at all its stages: starting from strategic analysis, strategy development, its implementation and ending with strategic control.

Smart Library Transformation Research Empowered by AIGC Technology

This paper investigates the role of Artificial Intelligence and Graph Computing (AIGC) in transforming traditional libraries into smart libraries. It discusses the background and current situation of smart libraries, including their definition, development history, and characteristics. The paper then explores the implementation of AIGC technology in the core operations and services of libraries. This includes automated book classification, intelligent retrieval, voice interaction, virtual reality, data integration and sharing. The paper further presents successful case studies of AIGC implementation in libraries across different sectors. It analyses the potential challenges and future prospects of AIGC in the library transformation process, such as technical challenges, information security, policy regulation, and user demand. Finally, the paper proposes strategic approaches for driving the transformation of libraries into smart libraries using AIGC, including the development of AIGC platforms, education of AIGC talent, enhancing collaboration between AIGC and libraries, and standardising smart library development.

PRELIMINARY TYPOLOGY OF AGROBIOLOGICAL FARMS IN THE SEMI-ARID REGION OF ALGERIA

Algeria has shown a delay in terms of organic agriculture, although this latter covers diverse agricultural practices and structural potential that have shown to be advantageous to the development of this sector. However, the aim of this Paper is to elaborate a typology of organic agriculture in the semi-arid regions of Algeria, for the purpose of presenting a reading grid so as to be acquainted with the size, distribution and diversity of the organic crops within the study area; in virtue of which, a survey was conducted on the conduct and the structure of organic farm. Visits had also been made to eighty plots of land. Consequently, the results of this survey allowed us to group organic agriculture into three types on the basis of structural and operational criteria: the first type is certified, often modern, small in number, following international specifications, and frequently located in the East; the second one is mixed, respecting the standards of organic agriculture, not certified but large in size; as for the third type, it is traditional, in other words natural, and more widespread. Subsequently, organic agriculture in Algeria is limited in terms of space and number, whilst the majority of practices have shown to be of traditional nature, poorly supervised and controlled due to the technical, socio-economic and agricultural policy constraints.

Passive House performance evaluation and key management factor analysis in the Sino-German Ecopark: A study through fieldwork and interdisciplinary joint research

In terms of eco-friendliness, China is far behind advanced western countries. Recently, however, several places in China have been collaborating with the German Passive House Institute to construct eco-friendly buildings on a large scale. This study intends to analyze the passive house construction technology being implemented in the eco-friendly buildings that have been completed or are under construction at the Sino-German Ecopark in Qingdao, among several other complexes, based on fieldwork and interdisciplinary joint research. This study compares the importance of key factors through analytic hierarchy process (AHP) analysis. This study aims to extract and present factors of high difficulty noted in the successful construction of passive houses by examining the fieldwork of three case projects at the Sino-German Ecopark. These factors were divided into three categories: technical factors, policy factors, and managerial factors. Through AHP analysis, it was determined that the policy factors were of higher importance than technical and managerial factors. Barrier-free facilities were the most important factor among all the policy factors, and the window system was the most important among the technical factors. In the case of management factors, project management ability proved to be the most important factor. The findings of this study are expected to serve as a guideline that should be considered in the future Passive House design and construction process.

Government Support in Zakat Management Comparative Study of Parepare City and Barru District

This study aims to determine the support of local governments in zakat management and whether there are differences in approaches, especially in collecting zakat using a comparative study between Barru Regency and Parepare City. The data used in the study were primary data obtained through interviews or direct consultations to both the leadership and employees of BAZNAS Barru Regency and Parepare City. The research was conducted to find out how the local government actually supports zakat management and how the methods used by each region in collecting zakat. Hypothesis testing is carried out by comparing Zakat Management by BAZNAS of Barru Regency with Parepare City, based on data and facts on the ground and from the results of research can conclude that zakat management in Parepare City can be said to have not received full local government support in contrast to Barru Regency which has full support from the local government by issuing Regional Regulation Number 9 of 2017 concerning Zakat Management with several regulations and technical policies governing the obligations of Muslim ASNs in withholding zakat 2.5 percent are the main points. a better method for zakat management.

Towards the use of robotic systems at nuclear facilities

Abstract The article addresses the matter of the mobile robotic systems (MRS) application at nuclear industry and nuclear energy facilities. Three main types of tasks solved with the help of MRS in order to ensure safety and reduce the radiation load on personnel are described. The scope of application and general requirements for such MRS, typical technological operations, control modes and human-robot interaction are discussed. It is shown that highly specialized robots are mainly used and that their design doesn’t imply a prompt replacement of the payload and adaptation to various tasks. It is noted that most of the modern MRS designed to operate at radiation-hazardous facilities are still teleoperated. The necessity of creating multifunctional modular reconfigurable MRS of various standard-size groups for use at nuclear facilities and increasing the level of their autonomy is substantiated. Key words Mobile robotic system, UGV, nuclear facility, teleoperation, supervisory control. Acknowledgements This work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia No. 075-00913-21-00 dated December 25, 2020 «Development of proposals for improving the state scientific, technical and industrial policy and popularizing achievements in the field of robotics based on an analysis of trends in the development of robotics in Russia and abroad».

Reflexive and role identity as an indicator and regulatory tool in educational interaction

The relevance of the publication is determined by the current global trends in the practical demand for effective, scientifically based modern methods and technologies of education, as well as innovations in the field of improving the organization of the educational process. The development of modern education as a service sector or as a key link of the scientific, technical and innovative policy of the state - these multidi-rectional, at first glance, trends characterize the current state of education in Ukraine and the world in general. What determines and influences the choice of one of these trends? Where among them is the main subject of the educational process - the student himself, the student of education? We will study the phenomenon of reflexive role identity of the student of education, as an indicator and a means of regulation in the modern educational process. The purpose of the article is to highlight the standardized and destructive reflexive and role identity of students with physical and sensory limitations.

Pengembangan Layanan Informasi Berbasis ILL (Inter Library Loan) di Lingkungan Perguruan Tinggi Negeri Kota Malang

This research is a research model that specifically examines the development of information and library services along with the development of technology and information that develops in the community using ILL (Inter Library Loan). The research method uses descriptive qualitative in analyzing and reviewing an ILL concept which is implemented in MILL (Malang Inter Library Loan). Libraries along with the development of information technology which is increasingly massive in its existence in the community are required to meet their various complex needs and want fast (instant) things. ILL (Inter Library Loan) offers a solution to overcome the library's efforts in meeting the needs of these users. MILL (Malang Inter Library Loan) is present as an innovation by adopting ILL, especially in the city of Malang in an effort to meet the various needs of increasingly complex library users. The technical efforts and MILL procedural policies are tried to be applied in the Malang city state university library under the legal umbrella of FKP2TN cooperation by holding the principle of information disclosure through sharing various resources owned by the users of each library

Achieving optimal heath data impact in rural African healthcare settings: measures to barriers in Bukomansimbi District, Central Uganda

BackgroundHealth data is one of the most valuable assets in health service delivery yet one of the most underutilized in especially low-income countries. Health data is postulated to improve health service delivery through availing avenues for optimal patient management, facility management, and public health surveillance and management. Advancements in information technology (IT) will further increase the value of data, but will also call for capacity readiness especially in rural health facilities.We aimed to understand the current knowledge, attitudes and practices of health workers towards health data management and utilization.MethodsWe conducted key informant interviews (KII) for health workers and data staff, and focus group discussions (FGD) for the village health teams (VHTs). We used both purposive and convenience sampling to recruit key informants, and convenience sampling to recruit village health teams. Interviews and discussions were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. We manually generated the codes and we used thematic analysis to identify the themes. We also developed a reflexivity journal.ResultsWe conducted a total of 6 key informant interviews and 3 focus group discussions of 29 participants. Our analysis identified 7 themes: One theme underscored the health workers’ enthusiasm towards an optimal health data management setting. The rest of the six themes resonated around working remedies to the systemic challenges that grapple health data management and utilization at facilities in rural areas. These include: Building human resource capacity; Equipping the facilities; Improved coordination with partners; Improved data quality assurance; Promotion of a pull supply system and Reducing information relay time.ConclusionOur findings reveal a plethora of systematic challenges that have persistently undercut optimal routine health data management and utilization in rural areas and suggest possible working remedies. Health care workers express enthusiasm towards an optimal health management system but this isn’t matched by their technical capacity, facility readiness, systems and policy willingness. There is an urgent need to build rural lower facilities’ capacity in health data management and utilization which will also lay a foundation for exploitation of information technology in health.

Code of Laws on Science and Innovations of the Russian Federation: Concept and Structure

The article analyzes the idea of separating scientific concepts aimed at studying the legal regulation of scientific activity, emphasizes the relevance of the ongoing research in that, as of today, there is no balanced legislative regulation of scientific and innovative activities. The research methodology is represented by general scientific methods and special legal methods of study. Thus, the logical method made it possible to highlight the prerequisites for the development of a code of laws on science and innovation. The historical method contributed to the historical and legal analysis of the development of the idea of forming a unified law on scientific and innovative activities. The modeling method made it possible to form the optimal structure of the draft code of laws on science and innovation. Using the formal legal method, the analysis of the current legislation and doctrinal approaches to the legal regulation of science and education was carried out. The authors identify the following prerequisites for the development of a code of laws on science and innovation: the multiplicity and inconsistency of existing regulatory legal acts on science and innovation; lack of a unified ideological basis for the legal regulation of science; increasing the level of scientific development of the scientific and legal sphere; taking into account the specifics of scientific and technical legal regulation; increasing the importance of the studied sphere of legal regulation; development of a mature state scientific and technical policy. In conclusion, the authors propose the structure of the code of laws on science and innovation, it is noted that the code can take its rightful place in the development of an ideology for the development and management of science in the Russian Federation.

Science city as municipality: problems of legal regulation

The subject of this study is the current municipal reform in the Russian Federation and an assessment of its impact on the legal status of science cities.The purpose of the article is to determine the theoretical approaches and practice of legislative regulation of the legal status of science towns, prospects for modern and future legal regulation of the peculiarities of local self-government in such a territory as a science city. The main hypothesis is that the blank method of regulating the peculiarities of local selfgovernment in science cities, perceived by the federal legislator, does not achieve its goal, which obviously requires a revision of approaches to legislative regulation of the status of such a special territory as a science city.The authors used both general research methods, including methods of analysis and synthesis, and industry methods, including the formal legal method.The main results. The authors note the inconsistency and inconsistency of the legislative regulation of the legal, organizational, economic and social foundations of science cities and the peculiarities of the implementation of local self-government in them. Foreign experience in the formation of analogues of Russian science cities demonstrates that, firstly, the creation and development of technopolises contributes to the formation of the most optimal forms of interaction between science and production. Secondly, foreign technopolises are usually formed at research centers and universities, without having a strict link to the territorial foundations of the functioning of municipalities.The authors claim that the science cities of the Russian Federation do not have a constitutional and legal status and are neither the subject of study of such a branch of Russian law as constitutional law, nor the subject of regulation of constitutional legislation. At the moment, the legal status of a science city in the Russian Federation has a dual nature: on the one hand, a science city is a municipal entity with the status of an urban district; on the other hand, it is a territory within which there is a scientific and production complex. At the same time, these two sides of the legal status of a science city in the Russian Federation are poorly interconnected at the level of regulatory regulation. It seems that a science city as a territory with a scientific and industrial complex obviously has a different legal nature than a science city – an urban district, as a territory within which the population and (or) local self-government bodies resolve issues of local importance.Conclusions. It is important to determine at the level of federal authorities the need for further consolidation of the status of municipalities or other legal status of the territory of a science city, which includes high-tech enterprises with a significant concentration of human and material scientific and technical resources, the use of which is aimed at the implementation of science and state scientific and technical policy. If the link "science city – municipal entity" is recognized as necessary and fundamental in the future, taking into account the provisions of Articles 12 and 132 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to establish, firstly, the legal features of the implementation of local self-government in science cities, and secondly, the basic principles of interaction of local self-government of science cities with public authorities as the solution of issues of local importance in the interests of the population living in the territory of the science city, and the forms and order of participation of the organization.

Transplantation in Pediatrics Liver Failure Associated with Acute Hepatitis of Unknown Etiology

Introduction. On 5th April 2022, some cases of severe acute hepatitis of unknown etiology in children were reported in the United Kingdom. Since then, the number has increased rapidly, with 650 probable cases identified worldwide. This review focuses on available information about managing acute liver failure (ALF) in pediatrics with acute hepatitis of unknown etiology through the perspective of hepatobiliary surgery. Method. A literature review proceeded on some databases, namely PubMed and Google Scholar. Epidemiological data and technical policy were obtained from World Health Organization and some government institutions. Results. Severe acute hepatitis can progressively develop into acute liver failure, thus requiring a liver transplantation procedure immediately. There are about 30 patients have received a liver transplant. Fourteen patients reported had died. Liver transplantation is necessary to treat acute liver failure in children with acute hepatitis of unknown etiology. The need for a liver transplant can be avoided if ALF is prevented. Conclusion. The decision to perform or not to perform a liver transplant procedure may consider indications, contraindications, possible outcomes, patient status, availability of donors, and access to transplant centers' facilities and resources.

СОСТОЯНИЕ И ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ НА ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНОМ ТРАНСПОРТЕ

The state of technical policy in the field of railway transport in developed countries is considered. The main tendencies of its evolution are revealed. The possibilities of using foreign practice of conducting a technical policy in the railway transport of the Russian Federation are assessed.

An Evaluation of a Training Management System Adoption in A Public Sector: A Case Study

Information systems is evaluated to determine its success in fulfilling organization requirements and intended purposes. Information systems is meant to improve work process effectiveness; however, various problems result in user dissatisfaction and low system acceptance. The problems include system inability to fulfill user requirements, process inconsistency, unintuitive user interface, data entry, lack of user involvement in system development, and insufficient training. Therefore, we identified factors that influence the information systems adoption and the related aspects that need to be improved in order to optimize the system potentials. We evaluated a training management system in Malaysia's public sector from the user and socio-technical perspectives using the human-organisation-technology-fit (HOT-fit) framework. We performed a case study evaluation using interview, observation, and document analysis methods. The structured and specific measures in the HOT-fit framework facilitated the system evaluation. Positive factors include ease of use, information relevancy, good technical and management support, effective communication and strong relationships. In contrast, factors such as slow system access, user attitude, shortage of technical staff, task constraint, and leadership or policy changes affect system adoption negatively. System net benefits motivated users to use the system.

TRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN VISUALISASI DESAIN KEMASAN KOPI ARABIKA GAYO UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PREFERENSI MINAT KONSUMEN

Gayo Arabica coffee is a high-quality specialty coffee with a distinctive, complex aroma and a fairly strong viscosity. By developing a visualization of the Gayo Arabica coffee packaging design, the coffee product is expected to be more accepted in the market according to consumer preferences. This study aimed to formulate a strategy for developing visualization of the Gayo Arabica coffee packaging design. Factors that cover the problem of packaging design visualization included colour, shape, brand, illustration/image, information/labeling, and local and cultural wisdom. The formulation strategy for packaging design visualization development could be completed using the soft systems methodology (SSM). The use of the SSM method providds two recommended activities, namely technical activities and policy activities. The results of this study can be used as a reference or reference for the industry or interested parties in considering the visualization of designs related to the packaging of Gayo Arabica coffee products. Keywords: Aceh, conceptual model, Gayo arabica, rich picture, soft systems methodology

MERN Stack Web-Based Education Management Information Systems for Pacific Island Countries.

Generation of quality data to aid planning, assessing the education performance, monitoring programs implementation and learning outcomes are the basic functions of the Education Management Information System (EMIS). This study examines the existing EMIS in the Pacific Island Countries PICs and proffers solution. A SWOT analysis on the selected PICs EMIS through the published technical reports and policy documents from government and donors' between years 2000 and 2021, revealed that EMIS in PICs have not progressed beyond the stages of collecting demographic data and generating basic indicators. Fiji EMIS which has prospect of leading other PICs EMIS could only generate few indicators manually, and the findings indicate that these indicators are not being considered in decision making. To solve these defects, we proposed data-driven microservices architecture developed with MERN (MongoDB, ExpressJS, ReactJS, and NodeJS) stack on 13 NoSQL collections, tested with pseudonymised data from Fiji Ministry of Education (consisting of 98.6% Learners, 100.2% Schools and 99.5% Teachers in post). Our solution renders dynamic visualized production-ready education data and 28 UNESCO standard indicators to guide decision making and this may serve as a model for PICs EMIS.

The capability imperative: Theorizing ableism in medical education

Medical education programs profess commitments to justice, equity, and inclusion, seeking to diversify the profession and better serve patient populations. Although disability has more recently joined recognized categories of valued diversity, significant barriers remain for disabled learners in medicine. This paper develops the concept of the capability imperative, derived from a constructivist grounded theory study examining disability inclusion at four U.S. medical schools that analyzed technical standards policies and interviews with 19 disabled students and 27 school officials (faculty and administrators). Through three motifs (the selfless superhuman; the “real world” of medicine; and the malleable student), the capability imperative enforces the characteristics of a good physician, justifies institutional arrangements, and seeks to produce a learner who can conform to these expectations. Drawing on critical disability theories of ableism and crip theory, the paper argues that the capability imperative represents a context-specific manifestation of ableism that upholds a cultural logic of compulsory hyper-ablebodiedness and mindedness. This logic is antithetical to inclusive goals. Exploration of what constitutes a physician and whom this vision serves may help to shift the professional culture towards justice and unroot disabled peoples’ ongoing marginalization in the medical profession.

Detecting Multilevel Poverty-Causing Factors of Farmer Households in Fugong County: A Hierarchical Spatial–Temporal Regressive Model

Accurate examination of poverty-causing factors and their mechanisms of poverty-stricken farmer households from a fine scale is conducive to policy implementation and long-term effective poverty reduction. The spatial effects in most previous studies are not fully considered, resulting in less reliability of detection results. Therefore, by fully considering background effects and spatial–temporal effects, this study designs a hierarchical spatial–temporal regressive model (HSTRM) to accurately identify the factors as well as mechanisms that cause poverty more reasonably. The empirical study of Fugong County, Yunnan Province, China, shows that: (1) There has been a certain degree of spatial effects in the study area over the years; therefore, spatial effects should be considered. (2) The poverty degree of farmer households in the study area is affected by individual factors and background factors. Therefore, poverty-causing factors should be observed at different levels. (3) Poverty-causing factors feature different action mechanisms. The influence of the village-level factors on poverty is greater than that of the household level. In addition, the village-level factors have a certain impact on the contribution of household-level factors to poverty. This study offers technical support and policy guidance for sustainable poverty reduction and development of poor farmer households.

Research on financial risk management and control of agricultural products supply chain—A case study of Jiangsu Province of China

Agriculture has always been the focus of all countries, the rapid development of agriculture is inseparable from the strong support of finance. As a new financial model, agricultural product supply chain finance has attracted much attention. Through the analysis of the agricultural product supply chain finance model, we find that the core problem of agricultural supply chain finance is the management and control of supply chain financial risks. Based on the identification of financial risk categories of agricultural products supply chain, this paper constructs tan evaluation index system. Taking Jiangsu Province of China as the research object, this research collects relevant data of financial institutions, logistics enterprises, agricultural product production, and processing enterprises and farmers in southern and northern Jiangsu Province in 2021. The structural equation is used to establish the model. This statistical method can handle multiple potential variables at the same time, and allows observation variables and potential variables to contain measurement errors. The application of statistical methods that can handle multiple potential variables at the same time and allow observation variables and potential variables to contain measurement errors to build a model. By using the Amos calculation model, this research found that the factors affecting the financial risks of the agricultural product supply chain in Jiangsu Province from high to low are: the agricultural product pledge risks, the credit risks, the supply chain operation risks, the technical risks, the legal and policy risk. We hope this research can play a theoretical guiding role for the effective development of agricultural product supply chain finance business.