Technical Measures Research Articles

The Effect of Tucaresol on Translational MRI Estimates of Cerebral Physiology in Townes SCD Mice

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is characterized by severe hemolytic anemia and low Hct. This contributes to elevated cerebral cerebrometabolic strain, as evidenced by increased cerebral blood flow (CBF), increased blood oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and increased incidence of silent cerebral infarct. Recent reports have shown that approved and experimental therapies ameliorate these physiological indicators of strain in SCD patients using advanced MRI-based techniques (Fields, et al., Blood, 2019; Hulbert, et al., Blood 2022), but the effect on these same MRI endpoints has not been demonstrated in animal models of SCD. The purpose of this work was to perform these same measurements in Townes SCD mice treated with tucaresol, which is known to increase the oxygen affinity hemoglobin, thus building a translational platform for non-invasive assessment of these endpoints to support characterization of novel therapies and their relationship to cerebrometabolic strain that leads to end organ damage in the brain. All animal procedures were performed under an IACUC-approved protocol. Forty-three male Townes SCD mice were assigned to two treatment groups (n=21 / 22, mean age = 8.1±0.8 / 8.4 ±0.6 weeks, mean weight = 26±2 / 26±2 g). Animals were anesthetized and scanned on a 9.4 T Bruker MRI scanner at MGH. CBF was measured using a pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling sequence (pCASL) (Hirschler, et al., NMR in Biomedicine, 2018), and OEF was estimated from a T2 measurement in the superior sagittal sinus using a TRUST sequence (Wei, et al., Magn. Reson. Med., 2018) and a hematocrit measure which was taken from a tail vein bleed immediately following the scan. Following anesthesia recovery from the first imaging timepoint, animals were placed in cages according to group assignment and drinking water was replaced by one of two masked dosing solutions. prepared off-site by an independent team, containing either 1.14 mM tucaresol or pH and color-matched water. The tucaresol concentration was chosen to approximate an oral dose of 60 mg/kg/day comparable to a clinical dose and be consistent with previous studies. After two weeks of ad lib exposure to the dosing solutions, the scanning and blood sampling procedure was repeated. A terminal cardiac punch was also performed under anesthesia to assess tucaresol blood exposure. Due to technical challenges Hct measures were not performed in the first five animals from each group, and two animals had Hct measures at only the second timepoint. CBF is reported in whole bilateral striatum. Whole blood analysis revealed tucaresol exposures of 0.1-0.6 mM in the active arm. While still within the range for hemoglobin modification, the exposures were similar but somewhat lower than the exposures of 0.5-1.6 mM reported from oral gavage at 30 mg/kg twice per day in SCD mice (Knee et al. Blood, 2016). Table 1 shows CBF, Hct, and OEF values at baseline and after two weeks of dosing for each group. OEF values assume arterial oxygen saturation of 1. Spaghetti plots in figure 1 display changes in these values for individual animals. CBF elevations are observed very early in clinical SCD populations and begin to plateau as the disease progresses, but OEF has been shown to increase as the disease progresses (Juttukunda, et al., J. Magn. Reson. Imaging, 2019). As a result, therapeutic interventions in advanced disease may be expected to first affect OEF, with decreases in CBF to follow. That may, in part explain why a treatment effect was observed with OEF and not with CBF. Additionally, the proximity of the labeling plane of inflowing arterial blood to the brain tissue being perfused and the high carotid artery flow rate in these animals means that the CBF measure by pCASL MRI is considerably more challenging in mice than in humans. The sensitivity of MRI-derived OEF to therapeutic intervention in mice is similar to what has been reported in SCD patients, where elevated OEF is particularly associated with regions of the brain at highest risk for developing silent infarct. CBF and OEF are currently being evaluating for an approved HbS modifier (NCT05228821). The ability to use the same techniques in both mice and humans to non-invasively and quantitatively demonstrate the amelioration of the cerebrophysiological compensatory measures that precede end CNS organ damage is a valuable step in characterizing potential benefit of novel therapeutics beyond standard regulatory endpoints associated with pain crises.

Need for intensive care? A socio-technical systems perspective on water supply failure preparedness in German health care facilities

Health care facilities play a crucial role in the well-being of society. They are heavily dependent on other critical infrastructures including water supply for their daily operations and failure of water supply can have severe consequences. However, health care facilities are often underprepared for this scenario. The study investigates the emergency preparedness of German health care facilities to water supply failures, utilizing a socio-technical system approach. Data from interviews with experts and a survey among German hospitals were evaluated to determine the social and technical preparedness measures, in order to identify barriers and potential approaches for solutions. The findings show that there are still many gaps and needs for improvement. In particular, the social components of emergency preparedness are often given insufficient attention, with a lack of awareness about vulnerabilities to water failures being a shortcoming. The results were used to develop a framework linking social and technical components of critical infrastructure systems. The framework demonstrates that although the technical infrastructure components form the basis of preparedness, preparedness levels depend on the functioning of social infrastructure. The results underline the necessity of understanding the interlinkages between social and technical components, which can help identify potential vulnerabilities to infrastructure failures and risks. The study highlights the urgent need to comprehend health care facilities as socio-technical systems.

Biosecurity measures to prevent African swine fever in pig fattening farms

Biosecurity is ensured in a pig fattening farm by implementing a set of organizational and technical measures in order to prevent the introduction, persistence and spread of pathogens, as well as in order to protect animal and public health. This paper describes the main objectives of biosecurity in a pig fattening farm to prevent the risk of introducing and spreading of African swine fever.

Region oriented and integrated approach to reduce emissions of nutrients and greenhouse gases from agriculture in the Netherlands

Agricultural practices are causing a variety of environmental impacts such as emissions of ammonia (NH3) and greenhouse gases (GHG), and leaching and runoff of nutrients to groundwater and surface water. Measures need to be taken to achieve environmental targets set in European agreements and directives, such as the Birds and Habitats Directives, Nitrates Directive, Water Framework Directive and Fit for 55 package. To explore solutions for these issues an integral approach is needed, in which synergies between measures are included and pollution swapping is avoided. In addition, spatial interaction needs to be included because the environmental impacts are related to the spatial distribution of nature sites, farming systems, soil type and hydrology. We performed a regionalised approach for the Netherlands using a suite of models to simulate the effect of agricultural measures on manure and fertilizer distribution, emissions of NH3 and GHG, nitrogen (N) deposition on nature, nitrate (NO3−) leaching to groundwater, N and phosphorus (P) losses to surface waters, and soil carbon (C) sequestration. A mix of structural, technical and management measures was evaluated to achieve targets on both regional and national level for a regionalised approach and a more generic (national) approach. Results show that the regionalised approach is more beneficial, especially for water quality improvement and N deposition reduction and to a lesser extend for the mitigation of GHG emissions and NO3− leaching. When all measures are fully implemented, the 2030 targets for NO3− and N deposition can be attained, but the targets for surface water and climate mitigation cannot be met.

Information security in the system of measures to prevent criminal offences in the field of information technology: еxperience of EU and United States countries

The article is devoted to the problems of prevention of crimes in the field of information technology. To achieve this goal, the author used general scientific and special scientific research methods: formal-logical, systemic, comparative legal, etc. A review of scientific research in the field of information security is carried out. It is noted that the study of measures to prevent criminal offences in the field of information technology is becoming increasingly relevant and requires an objective criminological analysis in the context of martial law and post-war reconstruction. The author analyses modern threats in the field of information technology. Among the threats, the author singles out the negative information and psychological impact on the public consciousness of Ukrainian citizens. This impact is due to the systematic dissemination of disinformation, incomplete or biased information about political, economic and social processes taking place in Ukraine. The unsatisfactory state of information security causes a distorted view of the processes taking place in Ukraine; destructive changes in the behaviour and communication of individuals; and contributes to the formation of deformed moral attitudes. The author presents an analysis of modern foreign programmes aimed at preventing crimes in the field of information technology. These programmes are effective in the EU and the USA. The programmes are characterised according to the following algorithm: the purpose of the programme; the main areas of activity; the amount of funding; involvement of governmental and non- governmentalorganisations; therangeof specialists, etc. A significant number of the established projects operate as independent international institutions, with virtually no support from government funding. Funds for project implementation come in the form of non-governmental funding, grant contributions or donations from member and associated organisations. The target audience of the projects is civil society rather than the general population, which is explained by the more active role of civil society in Western countries and the passivity of the majority of the public. The author concludes that international cooperation and coordination of efforts of the national and international community to prevent criminal offences in the field of information technology is expedient. The importance of raising public awareness and literacy about disinformation and its methods through information and explanatory work is proved. The importance of developing a national model for the balanced and responsible use of the digital environment is emphasised. The main idea of the model is a combination of criminal law, regulatory, technical, organisational and managerial measures.

Enforcement of Online Gambling Laws

Background and Aim: Nowadays, technological evolution has developed greatly. The lives of the people in society are all dependent on technology, especially through the Internet. Whether searching for information communicating Various transactions or even for entertainment etc. The development of technology for transmitting information by multimedia media, such as the use of text, audio, images, videos, graphics moving graphics, etc., is a channel for more business services. It can be said that the Internet network, despite many advantages in Various conveniences but there are still has many disadvantages as well. One service that is currently popular in online society and will be studied to determine the issues is providing a service for playing or downloading online games or online social games. Whether through a web browser, such as games on Facebook, or through an application on a mobile phone which may be related to gambling on the Internet, also known as online game gambling. The paper aims to solve the problem of gambling which is considered a threat to peace and order and internal security. However, after the promulgation of the Gambling Act. The latest amendment was No. 8 in the year 1962 and is still in effect today. without any additional amendments made in any way Although there were attempts to revise the Gambling Act again in 2011, the Gambling Bill was eventually dropped. Because the parliament was dissolved that year. As a result, the Gambling Act B.E. 2478 has not been amended again. For a period of up to 58 years, the obsolescence of such laws resulted in inefficient enforcement. In addition, in terms of content in some sections, there are inconsistencies with social conditions. The economy and the current changing situation. Materials and Methods: The objective is to analyze the scope of the legal application of the Gambling Act B.E. 2478 in terms of definitions. Determination of offense bases and penalties Agencies with the authority to prevent and suppress gambling including various measures related to gambling Along with proposing appropriate ways to solve such problems, and in this research article, the author uses a method to analyze the meaning and characteristics of online social games in the form of gambling games. Analyzing which games are classified as an offense or not as an offense of gambling on the Internet, both in terms of Thai and foreign laws, as well as analyzing the determination of the offense base and penalties for those who organized it. To play and people who play online social games in the form of gambling. Including the establishment of an agency to control and inspect the types of online social games that may be considered gambling to inspect the content of online games. Especially online social games that can be played through websites. or downloaded through an application from a mobile phone or tablet, which is difficult to verify suitability. Results: From research, it was found that to make law enforcement more efficient and to amend gambling laws to be in line with current social conditions as much as possible. Conclusion: From the research results, it was found that The Gambling Act, gambling on the Internet gamblers Organizer of gambling and equipment used in gambling Amendment to the base of offenses and penalties of offenders about being a player The organizer of both gambling in general and gambling on the Internet. Enactment of a provision to protect children and young people from gambling. as well as the establishment of a specific regulatory body for gambling This is so that it can be adapted to the case of playing online social games that are similar to gambling. In addition, other measures have been set. including technical measures Government measures and social measures to effectively control and suppress gambling on the Internet.

From insight to compliance: Appropriate technical and organisational security measures through the lens of cybersecurity maturity models

Cybersecurity is a much-debated topic in both technical and legal scholarship. With contemporary business models hinging on highly performant information systems, there is increased awareness among entrepreneurs that security incidents often have devastating consequences on undertakings’ revenue streams, intellectual property, and brand reputation. As a result, there is an increased focus on the obligation to implement cybersecurity measures. In the context of the GDPR, cybersecurity obligations seem to converge on the requirement to deploy ‘appropriate technical and organisational measures’ in order to ensure a level of security commensurate with the risks posed to an organisation. Yet, given the complex and rapidly evolving nature of the subject matter, the precise meaning and scope of these obligations remain unclear. This contribution offers guidance on how to assess the concept of ‘appropriate technical and organisational measures’ by considering it through the lens of cybersecurity maturity models. Accordingly, this article provides anchorage to scholarly audiences when scrutinizing the extent to which privacy and security measures qualify as ‘appropriate’ in the context of liability claims and actions for damages, thereby creating an opportunity to move from technical insight to legal compliance.

Use of catch and effort data to monitor trends in economic performance in fisheries

Abstract In many low-valued fisheries, the quantity and types of data that might be available to support fisheries management are often limited. Generally, information on the economic performance of the fishery is low in priority in these fisheries. Basic catch and effort information, however, may contain implicit information about economic performance of the vessels. From these data, technical efficiency scores and measures of capacity utilization can be derived. The technical efficiency score can provide a proxy measure of the distribution of economic performance, while changes in capacity utilization theoretically reflect changes in the economic conditions in the fishery. Given this, changes in these measures over time should also reflect changes in economic outcomes and performance. To test this, we use data from a data-rich fishery, including catch and effort information as well as detailed economic information (i.e. vessel-level profitability). Key technical performance measures are estimated using data envelopment analysis and compared with the economic performance measures. We show that these technical performance measures can provide useful indicators of changes in economic performance when economic information is not available.

Dyplomacja klimatyczna Tajwanu – w drodze do neutralności klimatycznej

TAIWAN’S CLIMATE DIPLOMACY: ON THE WAY TO CLIMATE NEUTRALITYThe aim of this paper is to present the Taiwan’s policies and actions relating to climate change. Despite the exclusion from the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Taiwan has voluntarily ratified global climate conventions and has implemented a number of legislative, technical and organizational measures to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gasses and reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050. Tackling both climate change and minimizing its effects is a priority for Taiwan. In order to achieve the sustainable development goals Taiwan treats renewable energy as a critical solution in combating climate change and ensuring energy security by adding diversity to an overall electricity mix.

Artificial intelligence calculated global longitudinal strain and left ventricular ejection fraction predicts cardiac events and all-cause mortality in patients with chest pain.

Assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and myocardial deformation with global longitudinal strain (GLS) has shown promise in predicting adverse cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether artificial intelligence (AI) calculated LVEF and GLS is associated with major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and all-cause mortality in patients presenting with chest pain. We studied 296 patients presenting with chest pain, who underwent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Clinical data, downstream clinical investigations and patient outcomes were collected. Resting TTE images underwent AI contouring for automated calculation of LVEF and GLS with Ultromics EchoGo Core 2.0. Regression analysis was performed to identify clinical and AI calculated parameters associated with MACE and all-cause mortality. During a median follow-up period of 7.8 years (IQR 6.4, 8.8), MACE occurred in 34 (11.5%) patients and all-cause mortality in 60 (20%) patients. AI calculated LVEF (Odds Ratio [OR] .96; 95% CI .93-.99 and .96; 95% CI .93-.99) and GLS (1.11; 95% CI 1.01-1.21 and 1.08; 95% CI 1.00-1.16) were independently associated with MACE and all-cause mortality, respectively. According to Cox proportional hazards, a LVEF<50% was associated with a 3.7 times MACE and 2.8 times all-cause mortality hazard rate compared to those with a LVEF≥50%. Those with a GLS≥15% was associated with a 2.5 times MACE and 2.3 times all-cause mortality hazard rate compared to those with a GLS≤15. AI calculated resting LVEF and GLS is independently associated with MACE and all-cause mortality in high CVD risk patients. These results may have significant clinical implications through improved risk stratification of patients with chest pain, accelerated workflow of labour-intensive technical measures, and reduced healthcare costs.

Russian Pollock market: current state and ways of its development

The purpose of the work: to determine the main factors hindering the harmonious development of the domestic pollock market, and taking into account the assessment of the potential, the price of fish products, the demand for pollock, the results of monitoring preferences and other factors, to develop scientifically based proposals for its further development.Materials and methods: official data published by the Federal State Statistics Service, the Association of pollock miners (ADM) were used in the work. Diagnostics and monitoring of results were carried out, determinant and systematic approaches were applied. In some cases, content analysis was used.The results of the study consist in identifying factors of a motivational and demotivation nature that affect pollock market participants. Proposals have been developed to eliminate and mitigate the impact of extreme factors on the market. It has been established that the competitive advantages of the pollock market in Russia can be formed not only through access to cheap sources of raw materials, but also through the improvement of organization and management along the entire chain of movement of products from the place of fish catch to its consumption.The practical significance lies in the possibility of using the results of the study in the development of economic, financial, technical and technological measures, methods and mechanisms aimed at solving the problem of increasing the level of per capita consumption of fish products, indicated in the strategy for the development of the fishery complex until 2030.

How can outdoor sports protect themselves against climate change-related health risks? – A prevention model based on an expert Delphi study

ObjectivesTo systematically develop an adaptation model to reduce climate change-related health risks for outdoor athletes. DesignDelphi Method study. MethodsA classic asynchronous Delphi study was conducted with a total of three survey rounds. 24 experts from the eight largest outdoor sport associations by membership in the German Olympic Sports Confederation were included as well as 24 medical experts with expertise in sport medicine, internal medicine, allergology, dermatology, infectiology, or toxicology. Based on open-ended questions, panelists were asked to consider prevention measures for sport organizations and clubs. Free text responses were analyzed by qualitative content analysis according to Mayring. ResultsExperts recommended establishing the following eight fields of prevention measures: technical and structural measures; organizational measures; personalized measures; basic, advanced, and continuing education; concepts of action, warning concepts, and financial concepts; cooperation and coordination; campaigns; and evaluation measures. ConclusionsThe pyramid model presented in this study systematizes possible sport-specific adaptation measures on climate change by empirical aggregation of knowledge from scientists, sport organizations, clubs, trainers, and professional athletes. To assess the effectiveness of these prevention measures, sport organizations may incorporate them not only into broader operations but also everyday training routines.

Feasibility and challenges of multi-source coal-based solid waste (CSW) for underground backfilling − A case study

The multi-source CSW produced in coal mining, power generation and coal chemical industry has become a bottleneck that restricts the green, low-carbon and high-quality development of coal power and coal chemical bases (CPCCBs) in China due to its large stock, many increments and low utilization rate. Underground backfilling has opened up a new way for CPCCBs to dispose of multi-source CSW, and it is also the most practical way, which is conducive to solve the surface accumulation of CSW and reducing the environmental pollution risk. Based on the physicochemical properties and pollution, the feasibility of underground backfilling with multi-source CSW was systematically analyzed from four aspects: environment, technology, economy and policy. Most CSWs can be directly for underground backfilling; the high potential pollution risks of individual CSWs can reduce through technical measures such as heavy metal adsorption and complex passivation, then safely for underground backfilling. Although underground backfilling with multi-source CSWs is feasible, there are still some challenges before achieving large-scale engineering applications, such as potential risks of CGS, technical maturity, economic investment and administration. It requires the joint efforts and cooperation of research institutions, enterprises and governments to realize the harmless and large-scale underground backfilling with multi-source CSW.

Application of structural methods to assess the reliability of ship’s mechanical systems

At present, reliability indicators are of great importance at the design stages, during operation and in cases of extending the technical life. This is one of the reasons for choosing the research topic on the application of structural methods for evaluating the reliability of ship mechanical systems. The operational stage of the life cycle of ship’s mechanical systems is considered in the paper. Durability criteria such as service life, operating time, frequency of repairs are chosen as reliability indicators. In turn, work on the repair, maintenance or replacement of ship’s mechanical systems elements is carried out in accordance with the assigned regulations or in the case of an unforeseen failure. The comparison of event models of changes in the operating conditions of ship’s mechanical systems is carried out. To estimate the remaining resource in the form of graphs, events are shown by service life and operating hours, distributed by years. In order to improve the existing methods for assessing reliability, a set of elements of the average values of the residual resource and residual output is considered. The approach proposed by the authors for assessing both element by element and the entire ship mechanical system as a whole allows us to consider the residual resource from the moment of monitoring its technical condition to the transition to the limit state, to plan technical measures and prevent possible malfunctions. Three different time slices models corresponding to planned repairs and maintenance of systems, replacement of system elements and unforeseen accidents are considered in the study. The difference in the amplitudes of the calculated indicators of the ship’s mechanical systems reliability has shown that the closer the options between the maximum and minimum values are to the average, the more accurately the statistical indicators characterize this pattern. However, amplitude deviations can be used to apply fault risk assessment. This line of research seems to be important for ships in the Arctic navigation area, which are characterized by increased requirements for ship survivability.

MODELING TOOLS USED FOR OPERATIONAL FIELD DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT

The increase in the share of hard-to-recover reserves increases the need to use modern technologies in the development of oil fields to increase the efficiency of reserves development. One of the tools for identifying zones with hard-to-recover reserves is the geological and hydrodynamic model, which allows simulating various geological and technical measures carried out on production and injection wells. It is possible to lay down both predicted and already carried out measures for testing hypotheses and making decisions on field development. In this work, we have considered the area where the problem of premature water flooding of products has been identified from a certain period of time. After an analytical review of the site, a theory was put forward about the source of water flooding. In the analyzed area there is also a horizontal well, which is not currently in operation. The well was fractured immediately after drilling. The well was put into operation with a high water cut and shut down, and no crossflows were detected during additional field geophysical surveys. In terms of indirect parameters (properties of produced water, pressure, parameters during hydraulic fracturing), the created fracture overcame the clay bridge and created a hydrodynamic connection with the underlying aquifer. Based on the analysis, a theory was put forward that the formation water of the lower aquifer along the fracture of the frac migrated to the zone of extraction of the productive oil formation due to the large difference in the current formation pressure between the facilities. The hypothesis is confirmed by calculations on the hydrodynamic model. Several options were proposed at the end of the site to slow further water breakthrough to the production wells. Among them, the injection of various polymer-based compositions into a horizontal well is a «source».

On aggregation of technical and revenue efficiency measures

On aggregation of technical and revenue efficiency measures

Production cooked sausages with the addition of iodized salt

Iodine deficiency in the biosphere, mainly in the soil, leads to endemic goiter and other iodine deficiency disorders. As shown by numerous studies, this disease affects over 1 billion people in the world. Endemic goiter and much of the territory of Ukraine, including the Vinnytsia region. Presented current research study of recipes and technologies on system-cooked sausages. Currently, boiled sausage enjoys relatively high demand among the population because it is significant for most people, giving it an advantage. Innovation activity represents one of the most effective directions. It should facilitate the development of innovative activity that promotes penetration into new markets and production growth. Today, the most essential and effective innovative organizational and technical measures introduced in sausage production can be considered are the use of new recipes for manufacturing products and the installation of new equipment, which can significantly reduce the cost of manual labor and power inputs and improve product quality and reduce the share of marriage. Sausage production is seen as a thermochemical method of preserving meat products. For each type of sausage, set production process-approved technological instructions and recipes. Strict adherence to recipes, specialized instructions, and sanitary regimes is a prerequisite for obtaining high-quality links. Crucial in the production of sausages is raw. The primary raw materials are beef and pork. Occasionally, use lamb and horsemeat. Equally important is the creation of a new generation of products that have general strengthening and preventive action. The components of these products can protect the body from the harmful effects of the environment and the emergence of human diseased cells. The constant lack of iodine leads to a reduction in the synthesis and secretion of the primary thyroid hormone - thyroxine. The role of thyroid hormones in the body is extremely high, and most of the vital functions are performed by their participation. The main physiological effects of thyroid hormone are stimulating synthesis, growth, development, and differentiation of tissues. Developed products to include microorganisms that can synthesize biologically active structures (antibodies, receptors, hormones) that contribute to the removal or destruction of harmful decay and systems, thereby preventing human disease.

Scalable decarbonisation using automated operation optimisation

One of the biggest challenges in facing the climate crisis is the decarbonization of the large and diverse building stock. A reduction of carbon dioxide emissions can be achieved by technical measures and engaging the building occupants to adapt their behaviour. Among the technical measures, implementing predictive control as an upgrade of the existing heating, ventilation, air conditioning and cooling system is especially promising as it allows reductions at potentially low running cost. However, the effort for adapting, implementing and deploying these methods to fit specific buildings and scenarios is high and requires special domain knowledge, hindering the wide-spread application. In this paper, we present a highly automated and data-driven implementation process utilizing an open-source container orchestration system, and the results from real-life case studies in existing buildings in which predictive control was retrofitted. Additionally, occupant information systems were installed in the buildings for increasing transparency about the building performance and the effect of the occupants’ behaviour. The shown method is useful for reducing the time required and manual effort for implementing new control strategies, and thus reducing carbon dioxide emissions while simultaneously increasing thermal comfort and air quality.

Разработка мероприятий по устранению резонансных явлений на частотах высших гармоник на линии электропередачи 35 кВ

One of the problems to ensure the quality of electricity and reliability of the network is significant deviation of the voltage curve from sinusoidal in some active electricity transmission lines of the energy system of the Irkutsk region. The purpose of the research is to develop organizational and technical measures to eliminate resonance phenomena at higher harmonics that occur in the active 35 kV electrical line connected to a traction power substation. The object of the research is non-sinusoidal mode of the 35 kV electric power transmission line connected to the medium voltage winding of the three-winding traction transformer. The authors have used technological research methods of calculation using an equivalent circuit of the existing linear circuit of an electrical power system with a traction substation. The software “Calculation program of non-symmetric and non-sinusoidal modes of the electric power system” and Microsoft Excel are used for the research. The authors have developed a 110–35–10 kV “Consumer 1 – Consumer 2 – Consumer 3” model using the software “Calculation program of non-symmetric and non-sinusoidal modes of the electric power system”. The calculation results are processed using Microsoft Excel. Non-sinusoidal electrical modes of the equivalent circuit of the electrical power system and the power transmission lines are calculated. Calculation of non-sinusoidal modes of a 35 kV line is carried out to show the distribution of higher harmonic voltages along the line. It is established that the quality indicators of electricity in terms of non-sinusoidal voltages in most nodes of the 35 kV power transmission line do not comply with GOST 32144-2013. Calculation and analysis of non-symmetric and non-sinusoidal modes of the network have shown resonance voltage increase along the line on the odd harmonics frequencies and elimination of resonance factor when installing the compensation reactor at the beginning of the 35 kV line. Based on the calculation results, the diagrams of harmonics power-voltage curve from 3 to 39 are compiled. Based on the results obtained, the authors have proposed technical measures such as installation of a compensation reactor at the beginning of the electrical power system line to prevent resonance factor to improve the electrical power quality in terms of voltage unsinusoidality in the consumers busbars connected to the 35 kV line. The proposed measures will improve the electrical power quality in busbars of consumers and satisfy the requirements of GOST 32144-2013.

Pile Foundation Problems and Reinforcement Techniques in Highway Bridge Engineering

The construction of road and bridge pile foundations is a complex system engineering that involves many construction links. There are many common problems that can have a significant impact on the overall quality of road and bridge pile foundation construction. Therefore, it is necessary to face the quality issues of road and bridge pile foundations and take corresponding technical measures to strengthen the stability and safety of the bridge. The article discusses common pile foundation problems and reinforcement techniques in road and bridge engineering.