Information security in the system of measures to prevent criminal offences in the field of information technology: еxperience of EU and United States countries

Abstract

The article is devoted to the problems of prevention of crimes in the field of information technology. To achieve this goal, the author used general scientific and special scientific research methods: formal-logical, systemic, comparative legal, etc. A review of scientific research in the field of information security is carried out. It is noted that the study of measures to prevent criminal offences in the field of information technology is becoming increasingly relevant and requires an objective criminological analysis in the context of martial law and post-war reconstruction. The author analyses modern threats in the field of information technology. Among the threats, the author singles out the negative information and psychological impact on the public consciousness of Ukrainian citizens. This impact is due to the systematic dissemination of disinformation, incomplete or biased information about political, economic and social processes taking place in Ukraine. The unsatisfactory state of information security causes a distorted view of the processes taking place in Ukraine; destructive changes in the behaviour and communication of individuals; and contributes to the formation of deformed moral attitudes. The author presents an analysis of modern foreign programmes aimed at preventing crimes in the field of information technology. These programmes are effective in the EU and the USA. The programmes are characterised according to the following algorithm: the purpose of the programme; the main areas of activity; the amount of funding; involvement of governmental and non- governmentalorganisations; therangeof specialists, etc. A significant number of the established projects operate as independent international institutions, with virtually no support from government funding. Funds for project implementation come in the form of non-governmental funding, grant contributions or donations from member and associated organisations. The target audience of the projects is civil society rather than the general population, which is explained by the more active role of civil society in Western countries and the passivity of the majority of the public. The author concludes that international cooperation and coordination of efforts of the national and international community to prevent criminal offences in the field of information technology is expedient. The importance of raising public awareness and literacy about disinformation and its methods through information and explanatory work is proved. The importance of developing a national model for the balanced and responsible use of the digital environment is emphasised. The main idea of the model is a combination of criminal law, regulatory, technical, organisational and managerial measures.