Technical Measures Research Articles

Geoecological analysis of the state of forest park plantations in the Dnipro city using Landsat satellite images


 
 
 The importance of the number and viability of green areas for creating a com- fortable and safe life for residents of urbanized areas is increasing with the growth of cities, which has not stopped since the first half of the 20th century. Dnipro is a city with progressive air pollution, therefore the effective use of its green areas in this aspect – the selection of tree species, regular assessment of their condition and timely response to changes in vegetative activity – becomes especially relevant. To solve the research task, a combination of on-site and remote methods of assessing the vital state of green areas of the city was chosen. First, spatial and statistical information about the city’s green areas was defined and summarized, and a cartographic and statistical base of raw data was created, potential anthropogenic factors of influence were determined, and reference areas were selected. At the second stage, a systematic survey and assessment of the vital state of the trees of selected areas was carried out for seven years: morphometric indicators of trees of certain species and assessment of the state of their morphological elements (roots, trunk, crown, leaves). According to the degree of damage, trees were classified as: healthy, weakened (damaged), severely weakened; dying and dead. At the third stage of the study, the correlation of the vital state indicator (Ln) and the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) was determined, based on images from Landsat sensors 8 and 9 of the L1 processing level, pre-processing of the images was performed using the SCP (Semi-automatic Classification Plugin) module integrated in QGIS. According to the results of on-site research, it was found that for the period 2015-2021, most parks and squares of the control group belong to the second category (weakened), three to the first (healthy) and one to the third (severely weakened). The main types of damage have been identified as well as species of trees that are most susceptible to damage. The dynamics of vegetation activity indicators reflect the general tendency to increase the vegetation cover of the city for six years. According to the results of the correlation analysis of NDVI and Ln values, a stable dependence between the index of vital state and the normalized vegetation index was revealed. The correlation between the specified indicators for each particular year is direct and varies from 0.5 to 0.9. The vital state of forest park plantations in Dnipro city is at a satisfactory level. The average Ln for the entire city is 65.6%. It was concluded that the exploitation of the gas-absorbing capacity of plants must be carried out in combination with technical measures in order to activate the processes of improving the environment.
 
 

PROPANE-BUTANE SUPPLY FOR COKE OVEN AND BLAST FURNACE GAS ENRICHMENT IN REHEATING FURNACES

This article proposes organizational and technical measures to reduce energy consumption of re-heating furnacessection of hot rolling mill 1700 in hot rolling shop No.1 of “ArcelorMittal Temirtau” JSC, such as fuel combustionquality management, performed and presented calculation of energy consumption per unit of production. The industrial experiment was performed there. As it is known, one of the features of re-heating furnaces is the fact that the minimum specific fuel consumption takes place when burning it with the maximum possible pyrometric effect. To solve the research tasks, a fundamentally new 3D model of combustion products motion with the possibility of parameters correction to calculate and optimize the energy-efficient operation of the furnace was applied. Experimental data were obtained on high-precision stationary and portable equipment, metering devices passed state inspection, which excludes the unreliability of the data obtained.

Prospects for the use of advanced computer modeling systems in planning geological and technical activities

In this paper, the authors conducted a theoretical study devoted to assessing the prospects for using modern computer modeling systems to solve one of the key tasks of oil field development – planning effective geological and technical measures. At the moment, operations to increase the productivity of wells play a crucial role in achieving project targets for the extraction and rational use of natural resources. Significant interest in digital support of geological and technical activities is due to the increase in the number of software and hardware complexes used in the field of oil production and the positive results of their application. Using the example of repair and insulation works, the methodology of developing a system that allows reasonably selecting candidate wells based on the analysis of geological and field data is presented. The conclusion is made about the most important factors influencing the effectiveness of geological and technical measures.

Modeling of geological and technical measures based on drilling a well with modified valve assembly parameters

In the course of the research, an analysis of the development of geological and technical measures at various fields was carried out. The justified application of these measures has been studied, and recommendations have been made to increase the efficiency of oil recovery based on drilling wells with modified valve assembly parameters. The conducted research allows us to obtain optimal performance indicators of pumping equipment associated with such parameters as pressure, flow, taking into account the lowest cost of repair work. For this purpose, modeling of geological and technical measures based on drilling a well with modified parameters of the hydraulic assembly of the drilling pump has been developed. This design solution allows you to obtain optimal performance of the drilling pump, taking into account the lowest costs for current and major repairs. These studies aimed at finding optimal geological and technical measures (GTM) related to increasing the productivity of drilling pumps and oil recovery in general are very promising and relevant.

ОГЛЯД МЕХАНІЗМІВ ROOT CAUSE АНАЛІЗУ ТЕЛЕКОМУНІКАЦІЙНИХ МЕРЕЖ

Telecommunication networks are an integral part of modern information society, providing data transmission and communication among millions of users worldwide. The complexity and scale of these networks are constantly growing, which increases the demands on their reliability and stability. One of the key tasks in ensuring the efficient operation of telecommunication networks is the identification and elimination of the root causes of failures and anomalies that can significantly affect the quality of service for end users. Root cause analysis (RCA) is a powerful tool for identifying the primary causes of problems, preventing their recurrence, and enhancing the overall reliability of networks. The article provides a detailed review of contemporary methods and tools of RCA used in telecommunication networks. In particular, methods such as fishbone diagram analysis, the «five whys» method, fault tree analysis, and the application of machine learning for big data analysis are considered. Each of these approaches has its advantages and disadvantages, and their comprehensive use allows for higher accuracy and efficiency in identifying the root causes of problems. Practical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of applying various RCA methods to solve specific problems in telecommunication networks. For instance, the use of fishbone diagram analysis and the «five whys» method allows for the identification of the primary causes of network delays and equipment issues at base stations. The implementation of failure prediction systems based on machine learning significantly enhances network reliability by allowing for the early detection of potential problems and the necessary technical measures. The prospects for the development of RCA in telecommunication networks are outlined. The primary focus is on the development of adaptive and self-learning systems capable of dynamically responding to changing network conditions. The use of more complex artificial intelligence algorithms and tools for predicting potential problems will significantly improve the effectiveness of RCA and ensure high-quality telecommunication services.

Анализ несчастных случаев в электросетевых компаниях

The problem of accidents occurring during the operation of electric power facilities has remained relevant for a long time. The analysis of accidents makes it possible to develop measures to improve industrial safety at agricultural facilities and electrical networks that supply electricity to agricultural facilities and enterprises. For this purpose, the authors considered accidents that occurred in power grid companies of the Russian Federation in 2014‑2022. To conduct the research, they used data from Rosseti PJSC on accidents in power grid companies obtained with the Synergy Center software package. The program included data on the investigation of accidents in Form No. 1 in accordance with the order of the Russian Ministry of Labor dated April 20, 2022, No.223. The software package included 191 accidents, in which 200 people were injured for the period between 2014 and 2022. The analysis revealed 58% of fatal outcomes. The most common damaging factor, which caused 65 accidents (34%), is a breakdown of the dielectric air gap due to violation of the permissible distance to live parts by operational personnel of electric grid companies. The cause of 53 accidents (28%) was the violation of labor safety rules when working with electrical installations. The maximum number of accidents occurred from 8 am to 4 pm during the periods March-May and July-August. Of the 191 injured employees, 114 were (57%) operational personnel (electricians), 108 of them (54%) having work experience from 3 to 10 years. Conclusions are drawn about the need to introduce signaling devices and reverse transformation blocking, improve the qualifications of personnel and train them using virtual reality technology on digital twins of power grid facilities. The proposed organizational and technical measures will reduce the number of accidents in power grid companies in the Russian Federation

Countering Hate Speech on Social Media in Cameroon: Legal and Technical Measures

Countering Hate Speech on Social Media in Cameroon: Legal and Technical Measures

Application and Analysis of Social Media Data in Economic Research

As Internet technology enters a new era, social media has become an essential platform for people to obtain information and express their views, which has profoundly impacted economic research. This paper focuses on the application of social media data in economic research. First, this paper analyzes the essential performance and characteristics of social media data, such as user engagement, the speed of information diffusion, and content diversity. Second, it explores the expression of emotions on social media, including immediate reactions to economic events, analysis of the acceptability of economic policies, and the social psychology of economic issues. In addition, we analyze the reasons why social media data affects the economy, including the recommendation mechanism of algorithms, changes in social phenomena due to economic globalization, economic inequality and differentiation of public opinion among social classes, and distortion of economic opinions caused by information bubbles. Finally, we propose strategies to prevent social media data bias, including data cleaning and analysis, multi-dimensional information integration strategies, laws, regulations and technical measures, and education guidance. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive framework for analyzing social media data for economic research so as to promote the high- quality development of economic research.

Assessment of road pavement conditions using Surface Distress Index (SDI) and Pavement Condition Index (PCI) methods

Road pavement is an important element in transportation infrastructure that affects the comfort and safety of road users. It is important to carry out regular assessments of the condition of the road pavement. This study aims to evaluate the condition of the road pavement using the Surface Distress Index (SDI) and Pavement Condition Index (PCI) methods. It is collecting field data regarding the condition of the road pavement, including the type and extent of existing damage. This data is then analyzed using the formula that has been determined in the SDI and PCI methods. In the research that has been done, the average SDI value for flexible pavement for Jalan Gunung Agung is 18 (Good) and the average PCI value is 63.8 (Good). The technical measures that can be applied to the flexible pavement of Jalan Gunung Agung are P2 (Asphalt), P4 (Filling cracks), P5 (Filling holes), and P6 (Gravelling).

Air Quality in Fitness Centers: Status and Improvement Strategies

As a place where people do physical activity for health, the indoor air quality of fitness center has a significant impact on human health. To systematically understand the current state of indoor air quality in fitness centers, this study reviews recent literature on the indoor environment of fitness centers, analyzes factors that affect air quality, and proposes a series of technical strategies to improve it. The analysis reveals: 1) Significant pollution issues with the indoor air quality in fitness centers; 2) Notable variations in air quality across different functional areas and time periods; 3) Air quality can be improved by adopting appropriate technical measures. This paper recommends that future air quality management strategies should consider factors such as the intensity of physical activity and crowd density to develop ventilation strategies, aiming for targeted air quality management that varies by area and time.

Digital support and evaluation of the effectiveness of geological and technical measures based on artificial intelligence systems

In this paper, the authors present the approbation of an artificial intelligence algorithm for digital support and evaluation of the effectiveness of the implementation of geological and technical measures in various mining and geological conditions. The object of the study was the deposits of deposit N, characterized by significant variability of parameters reflecting the filtration and capacitance properties of productive formations and their saturating fluids. With the help of the created system, maintenance of repair and insulation works at one of the wells of the object under study was successfully carried out. The presented main stages of the algorithm are universal and can be used in other fields to solve a wide range of problems in the development of deposits. The conclusion is made about the prospects of the direction «digitalization in oil production» and the relevance of the development of this topic in the context of the need to increase the pace of extraction of reserves.

Problematics of protection of information resources of the enterprise

In the modern era of societal advancement, there is a notable reliance on information and communication technologies within engineering centers. This reliance underscores the importance of implementing effective organizational and technical measures to safeguard information resources. Ensuring compliance with necessary security standards and employing certified protective measures is imperative. Protecting the Engineering Center's information involves continuous monitoring and prompt response to any breaches compromising integrity, confidentiality, and availability. Identifying specific vulnerabilities that directly jeopardize these resources is essential. Moreover, safeguarding resources necessitates a comprehensive protection strategy encompassing software, technical, cryptographic, and organizational measures to uphold information security consistently.

Анализ разработки Южно-Осташковичского месторождения нефти

The article presents the results of the development of inter-salt and intra-salt oil deposits of the South-Ostashkovichskoye oil field from the moment of commissioning. The main problem revealed for the field development is a high water cutting of well production that made necessary to systematically carrying out a number of geological and technical measures. The most effective measures used to stabilize and increase oil production are highlighted. In order to meet the established environmental standards during the development of the deposit, proposals for the application of the specific environmental protection measures have been introduced.

Efficience of multistage fracturing in horizontal wells of the Kashiro-Podolsk deposits

The article is devoted to the methods of extracting reserves from complex carbonate reservoirs based on a complex of geological and technical measures. The parameters influencing the technological efficiency and the increase in oil production are analyzed. These include geological and filtration-capacitive heterogeneity, as well as technological parameters. The division of carbonate rocks into petrotypes is considered in order to assess their impact on input technological indicators – water content, oil flow rate. Geological conditions have been studied, as well as geological and technical parameters that have a significant impact on oil production and reservoir flooding during the multistage acid fracturing. The studied relationships allow for a detailed analysis of the success of events and a detailed approach to the selection of candidate wells.

Features of localization of remaining oil in terrigenous reservoirs and potential for their recovery at the final stage of field development

The paper considers one of the unique fields in terms of geological reserves. The paper also analyzes the development of the D3ps formation sections of the Devonian terrigenous layer of the studied field. A detailed geological and hydrodynamic model was constructed based on the consolidation of all available information. An integrated analysis of actual well performance data, field geophysical tests, geological and technical measures, results of infill drilling, as well as geological and hydrodynamic modeling confirmed the localization of reserves primarily in the upper bed of D3ps.1. The analysis of all performed studies revealed higher values of current oil saturation in the upper bed – up to 0.8 unit fractions and lower values in the lower bed – up to 0.68 unit fractions. Similar results were obtained from 87 sidetracks. Drilling of wells and sidetracks is proposed in areas with no well stock. Despite the final stage and high degree of field development, the proposed strategy will support oil production levels, increase remaining recoverable reserves, increase the efficiency of reserve recovery and improve the economic performance of field development. The introduction of modern development technologies, approaches to the analysis and monitoring of development will increase the target value of the final recovery factor from 0.608 to 0.613 unit fractions, which, with a significant amount of in-place reserves, made it possible to increase the remaining recoverable reserves by 35%. The strategy will make it possible to achieve higher oil recovery rates. The approaches used to solve the tasks set in the study can be applied to the fields of the Volga region.

Climate Change Mitigation Strategies: A Review of Recent Advances and Debates

Recent developments in climate change mitigation strategies are thoroughly examined in this systematic review, which focusses on technological innovations, policy frameworks, economic instruments, and equity considerations. Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, and JSTOR were among the key databases systematically searched to compile the review, which encompasses studies published from 2010 to 2024. A mix of terms like "climate change mitigation," "renewable energy," "carbon pricing," "technological advancements," "policy frameworks," and "equity" were employed to detect relevant studies. We started with 345 records found through database searching and finally, 89 studies were selected for the review. Studies that did not offer empirical data or that were opinion pieces were not considered for inclusion; instead, we examined peer-reviewed research that assessed the efficacy of climate mitigation strategies. Standardized instruments for evaluating the potential for bias in both randomised controlled trials and non-randomized studies were utilised for this purpose. According to findings solar photovoltaic costs have dropped by 82% and wind power by 39% due to technical advancements highlighted in the review. As a consequence, these renewable energy sources are becoming more competitive with fossil fuels. To achieve coordinated global climate action, the results also highlight the significance of strong policy execution, especially international accords. Carbon pricing mechanisms, including carbon taxes and cap-and-trade systems, are essential economic tools for encouraging sustainable behaviour and investing in low-carbon technology; they currently affect about 22% of worldwide emissions. Important results show that renewable energy is vital to lowering GHG emissions, carbon pricing works to motivate climate action, and that a fair transition requires attention to equity concerns. Additionally, the review points out that present mitigation efforts are lacking, especially when it comes to the scalability of new technologies like hydrogen production and carbon capture and storage (CCS). Achieving global climate goals and securing a sustainable future requires a holistic strategy that incorporates technical, policy, and economic measures, with a heavy emphasis on fairness.

Comparison of 2D and 3D multichannel audio rendering methods for hearing research applications using technical and perceptual measures

Virtual reality with multichannel audio playback is increasingly used in hearing aid research. The purpose of this study is to compare horizontal (2D) and periphonic (3D) rendering methods in terms of localization, minimum audible angle, and perceptual ratings related to spatial quality. Higher Order Ambisonics, Vector-Base Amplitude Panning, and Nearest Speaker Selection were used, with playback through 16, 29 and 45 speakers. The results show that an improvement in vertical localization can be obtained by using periphonic rendering instead of horizontal rendering. The perceptual advantage of periphonic rendering depends on the spatial complexity of the scene; it disappears in complex acoustic environments. Scenes with low acoustic complexity, such as a single primary sound source in a room, benefit from Nearest Speaker Selection rendering. For more complex scenes with multiple sound sources, such as a symphony orchestra in a concert hall with many primary sources, or traffic on a road with moving sources, horizontal rendering methods such as 2D Higher Order Ambisonics will provide similar or better performance.

Dependency of beam diameter on the resistance time of laser guards

Laser manufacturers and users of material processing machines must implement technical protective measures. The assessment of the protective effect of laser guards for use in laser machines with respect to the accessible laser parameters (e.g. beam diameter and irradiance) is currently problematic, as extensive individual resistance time tests are often required. The aim and focus of the project is to determine mathematically representable relationships between beam diameter, irradiance and resistance time for commercially available laser safety shield materials. The functional relationships found should enable the manufacturers and users of lasers to determine the appropriate shielding for the respective application solely on the basis of existing standard tests and without further time-consuming, case-specific tests. A standardized test setup (test box) is being developed to ensure globally uniform laser resistance time tests of shielding materials.

A complex of technical tools and measures designed for conducting operational-search measures in the communication networks of ministeral affairs bodies

The article discusses current issues of a holistic understanding of the system of technical means to support the functions of operational investigative measures (SORM), the possibilities of its use in various areas of operational investigative activities of the internal affairs department, as well as problems of application. The effective use of special hardware and software solutions designed to collect information from technical communication channels will greatly improve the efficiency of operational investigative activities and the detection of crimes committed using information and telecommunication technologies.

АНАЛІЗ НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВОЇ БАЗИ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-АНАЛІТИЧНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СИЛ БЕЗПЕКИ УКРАЇНИ: АСПЕКТИ ДЕРЖАВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ

The article analyzes the current legal framework for information and analytical support of the security forces of Ukraine, as well as foreign experience in legislative approaches to information and analytical support of law enforcement agencies and special services. Improving the regulatory framework for information and analytical support of the security forces of Ukraine is key to increasing the effectiveness of national defense and security, and therefore requires a comprehensive approach, taking into account many factors that affect the security component. This is a comprehensive approach that includes legislative, technical and organizational measures. The problematic aspects of the regulatory framework for information and analytical support of the security forces of Ukraine and ways to overcome them are identified.