Technical Condition Research Articles

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЗАЛЕЖНОСТІ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ВИКОНАННЯ ВОГНЕВОГО ЗАВДАННЯ ВІД ТЕХНІЧНОГО СТАНУ КАНАЛУ СТВОЛА ВОГНЕПАЛЬНОЇ ЗБРОЇ

The work is devoted to the substantiation of a methodical approach to the quantitative assessment of the influence of the technical state of the bore on the effectiveness of the fire mission. Also, there was carried out the analysis of sources of information, which shed light on the issue of assessing the influence of deviations in the ballistic characteristics of weapons on the probability of hitting a target. It was established that, despite a significant number of works in this direction, there is no systematic exposition of the methodical foundations of taking into account the influence of the characteristics of the defects (damages) of the bore on the effectiveness of fire missions in the publications. A methodical approach to research and, in particular, quantitative assessment of the influence of the technical condition of the bore on the effectiveness of the fire mission (probability of hitting the target) is proposed. The dependence of the reduction of the initial speed of the projectile element on the degree of wear of the barrel, the deviation of the point of impact of the projectile element from the reduction of its initial speed, as well as the effectiveness of the fire mission from the deviation of the point of impact of the projectile element are considered. A study of the dependence of the effectiveness of the fire mission on individual indicators characterizing the technical state of the bore was conducted. Examples of the application of the proposed methodical approach for some samples of firearms are given. The specifics of the quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of fire mission for several of their varieties are determined. It has been established that the wear of the elements of the barrel leads to a significant decrease in the effectiveness of fire mission in the absence of fire correction during subsequent shots.

DECOMPOSITION OF FAILURE STATES OF GRAIN HARVESTING COMBINERS

The article discloses methodological approaches to the formation of the validity of the application of the simulation model of the decomposition of failure-free states of combine harvesters. The authors reproduce the functional decomposition of the reliability of grain harvesters obtained through the analysis of system functions. The authors reveal analytical approaches to the question of what the system does, regardless of how it works. As a basis, the authors formed a division into functional subsystems in the community of functions performed by groups of elements. When conducting the experiment, a set of random events that occur with the module under consideration is first generated - the event of failure of the blocked module, the event of activation of the blocking of the module and the event of the transmission of the module. Then, by assigning the corresponding probabilities, states are defined and logical dependencies between them are found. The experiment consisted in the sequential generation of events and obtaining the final states of the functional module. This experiment was repeated several times, then it was calculated, in several cases the functional module of the grain harvester was in good condition. The ratio of the number of experiment results in which the functional module was found to be working to all results shows the possibility of the functioning of the functional module. By performing a certain number of calculations of each state, summing the results of each calculation, taking the true value as one and the false value as zero, and then dividing the result by the length of the set, we obtain the value of the probability of blocked failure calculated by the Monte Carlo method.When performing the calculations and with the original data, it was equal to 0.885. The similarity of the result to the result accepted as true proves the truth. The method given in the article allows to improve the quality of work of the fail-safe system of grain harvesters, providing more accurate failure-free accounting, expanding the list of analyzed reliability parameters and making fuller use of technical means of monitoring technical condition parameters.

Improving the efficiency of the maintenance and monitoring system for mine degassing pipelines

Degassing pipelines in mine workings frequently change position, causing leaks and joint failures due to geomechanical processes and floor rock heaving, which lead to fatigue and corrosion. This paper reviews maintenance and renovation methods for these pipelines, aiming to develop innovative solutions to enhance operational performance. Research focuses on assessing current maintenance techniques, improving reliability, and implementing new technical solutions under real mine conditions. The proposed technological complex aims to enhance the safety and quality of pipeline maintenance and renovation. Typical production scenarios and monitoring methods for effective control of the technical state of mine degassing systems are considered. Continuous control of degassing wells and pipelines using structural modules of the Automated Mine Degassing Control System (AMDCS) is emphasized. Implementing these modules allows for automatic monitoring of the methane-air mixture and measurement of pressure drops, absolute pressure, temperature, and gas flow volume, thereby providing critical data to operational personnel.

Assessment of the quality of the technical state monitoring system special purpose telecommunication networks

Assessment of the quality of the technical state monitoring system special purpose telecommunication networks

Розробка моделі моніторингу технічного стану будівель та споруд поверхневого комплексу гірничодобувних підприємств на основі ланцюга Маркова

Розробка моделі моніторингу технічного стану будівель та споруд поверхневого комплексу гірничодобувних підприємств на основі ланцюга Маркова

Planning of operation of technical systems of complex objects when using flexible strategies on the set of states of functioning

Verbal and formal models and methods of solving the problem of optimal planning of operation of technical systems of complex objects using flexible strategies on the set of states of functioning are presented. Technical systems fulfill the functions of providing the required conditions of functioning of technological equipment of complex objects. In complex multilevel objects technical systems occupy the lowest hierarchical level, which imposes some restrictions on the development of long-term plans for their operation, the timing and volume of preventive maintenance. Taking into account the differences and peculiarities of technical systems, we have developed mathematical models of quality indicators of the elements' functioning taking into account the implementation of preventive measures, and set the task of optimal long-term operation planning at the verbal and formal levels. The coefficients of readiness and operational readiness of system elements are taken as indicators of optimality under the constraints of specified terms, costs and duration of preventive maintenance. When planning control actions on the technical state of systems, not only the scope of preventive maintenance, but also the degree of utilization of redundant elements for their intended purpose are determined. To solve the optimization problem, an algorithm based on the random search method is developed. As a result of the performed research the following results are obtained: - mathematical models of complex indicators of reliability of elements of technical systems; - mathematical model of long-term planning of operation of technical systems; - an algorithm for finding an optimal solution based on the random search method.

OLTC Fault detection Based on Acoustic Emission and Supported by Machine Learning

Power transformers are an essential part of the power grid. They have a relatively low rate of failure, but removing the consequences is costly when it occurs. One of the elements of power transformers that are often the reason for shutting down the unit is the on-load tap changer (OLTC). Many methods have been developed to assess the technical condition of OLTCs. However, they require the transformer to be taken out of service for the duration of the diagnostics, or they do not enable precise diagnostics. Acoustic emission (AE) signals are widely used in industrial diagnostics. The generated signals are difficult to interpret for complex systems, so artificial intelligence tools are becoming more widely used to simplify the diagnostic process. This article presents the results of research on the possibility of creating an online OLTC diagnostics method based on AE signals. An extensive measurement database containing many frequently occurring OLTC defects was created for this research. A method of feature extraction from AE signals based on wavelet decomposition was developed. Several machine learning models were created to select the most effective one for classifying OLTC defects. The presented method achieved 96% efficiency in OLTC defect classification.

CHARACTERISATION AND ALGORITHMS FOR MONITORING THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF BUSES BY RGB SYSTEM PARAMETERS

The algorithms of pre-trip control of buses’ technical condition under the conditions of hypothetical application of an automated system based on video registration in ATP are considered. The authors analyse the regularities of changes in the parameters of the technical condition of buses as a function of their appearance estimated by the RGB colour system parameters. Typical examples of processing and analysing static and time-varying images are given. Initial, permissible and limit values of diagnostic parameters in RGB system are defined for separate systems of buses (external lights, tyres, windscreen).
 Purpose. Determination of regularities of changes in the parameters of the technical condition of buses as a function of their appearance assessed by the parameters of the RGB color system.
 Method or methodology of the work. The method of estimating the RGB colour parameters of the reference and actual bus images in the Adobe Photoshop software environment and their subsequent mathematical analysis was used in this work.
 Results. Initial values of diagnostic parameters, limits and acceptable ranges are obtained.
 Scope of the results. The obtained results are expedient for application at creation of the automatic system of control of technical condition of the vehicle before the trip on the basis of video registration.

Ventilated façade retrofit problems

Ventilated facades are one of the most commonly used facade solutions. However, like any other building product, they deteriorate and become damaged over time. When the technical condition of a ventilated façade deteriorates, the building owner has to make a decision about its fate: can the ventilated façade be repaired or does it need to be demolished? This article discusses the key technical and functional factors that influence the classification of a ventilated façade for continued use, repair or demolition.

Ensuring the Safety of Buildings and Structures Damaged as a Result of Military Man-Made Actions

A significant number of destroyed buildings and structures during the military aggression of the Russian Fed-eration in Ukraine make it necessary for scientific organizations to solve new problems in the restoration of residential and public buildings. After explosive devices have hit the building, the first task is to identify the possibility of its further operation. Technical assessment of the damage level should be justified by using ex-perimental data on changes in the physical and mechanical parameters of construction materials and structures, which are strength, deformability, crack resistance, etc., as a result of the blast waves and fires that accompany explosions in the premises. An urgent task is to develop a methodology that takes into account the impact of explosions and fires caused by them so that structures can be calculated and their residual life estimated. For many decades, the State Research Institute of Building Constructions has been solving problems of assessing the technical condition of damaged buildings and structures as a result of man-made disasters and actions, fol-lowed by the development of technical solutions that ensure the necessary operational characteristics of these objects can be restored.

Review and analysis of damage and existing systems of protecting tower cranes under the influence of a blast wave

Problem. The problem of assessing the technical condition of stationary tower cranes of various types by expert organizations in order to determine the possibility of their further operation and the methods of capital repair is relevant. At the same time, one should take into account the nature of the consequences of damage to metal structures and the type of repair, if it is at all possible. The topic of the article is of a practical nature. An attempt was made to have an initial representation and visual analysis of the condition of different types of tower cranes under the conditions of explosive air shock waves depending on the distance to the cranes. The article attempts to substantiate the consequences of the destruction of metal structures, mechanisms or protection systems and to point out some regularities that require close attention during the operation of tower cranes and their further research. Goal. The purpose of the work was to make a damage survey of the different types of tower cranes that have been damaged and their existing protection systems and to provide assumptions for further research on the stability of tower cranes in the conditions of air shock waves. Methodology. The approaches adopted in the work to solve the set goal are based on the conditional division into categories of damage to stationary tower cranes under the action of air shock waves. The results. The analysis of damage to tower cranes will make it possible to take into account in the future the development of typical projects in accordance with the technical documentation regarding their disassembly-assembly, types of repairs, etc. Originality. The study of the stability of tower cranes under the conditions of air shock waves is a rare and specific direction in the field of engineering research. Therefore, the results of this study will fill the gaps in scientific literature and engineering practice. Practical meaning. The results of the study can lead to the development of new approaches and recommendations for the design of tower cranes taking into account possible air shock waves. This will allow engineers to create safer and more reliable designs for working in hazardous environments

Salinization of irrigated agricultural lands in the Altai Territory

Introduction. The Altai Territory is the leader among the subjects of the Siberian Federal District in terms of the area of arable land, of which more than 80% is located in the zone of unstable moisture. Irrigation predominates among agricultural hydrotechnical land reclamation in the region. The area of irrigated land is 69 thousand hectares, of which almost 10 % have varying degrees of salinity in the root layer. Prolonged irrigation of land and non-compliance with irrigation technologies can lead to salinization of lands in irrigation systems. The purpose of the research: spatio-temporal assessment and clustering of salinization of irrigated lands in the context of municipal districts and agrochemical zones: steppe, forest-steppe and foothills. Material and methods. In Russia, all irrigation systems have uniform rules for collecting data on the state of land, conducting soil-salt surveys and laboratory processing of their results. The research material was observational data on the salt regime of lands in irrigation systems of the Altai Territory for 2013-2022, data from annual state monitoring of lands, information on irrigated lands and the technical condition of reclamation systems from the reclamation cadastre. The research methods were general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis), applied mathematical methods (regression and cluster analysis), scientific methods of hydraulic engineering agricultural reclamation. Results and discussion. Based on the reclamation cadastre data, an analysis of the state of irrigated agricultural land was carried out according to the degree of salinization. A model of the dynamics of the area of highly and very highly saline lands was constructed, statistical assessments of the quality of the model were checked, and the average rate of annual increase in the area of lands subject to salinity was determined. An analysis has been made of the most possible causes of salinization on irrigated lands, which include high levels and salinity of groundwater, high salinity of water used for irrigation. Calculations were carried out, among other things, for agrochemical zones: steppe, forest-steppe and foothills. The dynamics of areas with different groundwater levels, groundwater salinity and irrigation water were assessed. Based on data for the beginning of 2015 and 2022, a cluster analysis of the regions of the Altai Territory was carried out according to the degree of salinization of irrigated agricultural lands. The dynamics of changes in the number of regions and the area of irrigated land in clusters is analyzed. In conclusion, the calculation results are summarized and general conclusions are drawn about the dynamics and possible reasons for changes in the studied indicators. The results can be directly used by government authorities and organizations of the reclamation complex of the Altai Territory.

PRACTICAL APPLICABILITY OF TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CASING PIPES USED IN THE PRESENCE OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE IN THE FORMATION FLUID

The optimal ratio of the level of manufacturability of the applied solutions and their cost is one of the key tasks in planning and designing well construction. According to [1] as well as the Casing Design Instructions, in the presence of hydrogen sulfide in the formation fluid, depending on the amount of its content and partial pressure, the well design must provide for casing pipes in a hydrogen sulfide-resistant design. However, the construction of wells in the Volga-Ural region, where most of the fields with H2S content are carried out for about 100 years, and at the same time there were no serious incidents or accidents associated with the destruction of casing pipes from the impact of the mechanism of sulfide-corrosion cracking under stress. In addition, based on the results of analysis of the results of well logging to determine the technical condition of the production strings, it was established that there is no relationship between the cases of revealed casing leaks in the wells and the level of hydrogen sulfide content. In this regard, it became necessary to update the requirements for calculating the design of wells in the presence of a small amount of hydrogen sulfide in the formation fluid. In this case, when calculating casing strings, the level of stress in casing strings arising from tensile loads and overpressures is limited due to the introduction of a factor for reducing the bearing capacity. In other words, this factor corresponds to the ratio of threshold (test) stresses during tests of samples for sulfide-corrosion cracking under stress to the value of the standard minimum yield strength of steel of the corresponding strength group. Based on this, an analysis of the production loads on the casing strings in the wells of the Volga-Ural region was carried out, and the potential for reducing the threshold stress was identified during laboratory tests of samples from casing strings for sulfide-corrosion cracking under stress. Based on the results of analysis of the results of laboratory tests of samples for sulfide cracking under stress in a model medium, it was determined by operating conditions that for seamless casing pipes of strength groups N80Q and R95, the threshold stress can be set to 60% of the minimum yield strength. This article is a follow-up to the publication of the casing specification.

Modern methods and means of technical diagnostics of artillery weapons and prospects for their development

The analysis of full-scale military operations in the east of Ukraine indicates an increase in the variety of firing tasks for artillery weapons and the intensity of their execution. This, in turn, requires the maintenance of artillery weapons and systems that ensure their proper operation in a serviceable and ready-to-use condition, as well as the prevention of sudden breakdowns and failures during combat missions.
 Taking into account the influence of the technical condition on the effectiveness and safety of the combat use of artillery weapons, there is a need to improve the methods and means of its diagnosis.
 This article analyzes the available domestic and foreign studies devoted to the development and improvement of methods for diagnosing the technical condition of artillery weapons. Existing devices for measuring, inspecting, evaluating and controlling the technical condition are considered. The existing systematization was expanded, generalization and addition of known methods and tools was carried out. The main possibilities, advantages and disadvantages of known methods, as well as promising directions for further research are determined.
 It has been established that the majority of studies of possible methods of diagnosing the technical condition of artillery weapons are focused mainly on the analysis of the parameters of only the gun barrel and do not consider the ability of the studied methods to assess the technical condition of artillery weapons comprehensively.
 The analysis also showed that despite the large number of existing techniques for diagnosing the technical condition (determining the degree of wear), most of them are not suitable for use directly in field conditions, morally outdated or very expensive.
 In addition, it was determined that the application of the analysis of acoustic and vibration signals that occur during a shot is a promising direction for diagnosing the technical condition of artillery weapons, which potentially has the ability to detect more malfunctions, breakdowns and deviations of technical parameters.

New method of assessment of technical condition of vehicle internal combustion engines in the course of their long-term operationх длительной эксплуатации

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). Modern control over the vehicle engine technical condition is performed by measuring the coolant temperature and oil temperature.The purpose of the study is to examine the regularities of engine oil aging with determination of the causes of change of oil performance indicators, assessment of its admissible state and identification of optimal timing for its replacement according to the actual condition.Methodology and research methods. The results of bench and operational tests of three modern engine oils at long-term run in the KAMAZ family engines were analysed. Scientific novelty and results. The article presents the justification of usage of blow-by, which characterizes the rate of wear of the main friction surfaces inside the cylinder-piston and valve train group of parts, as an objective indicator of the engine technical condition.Practical significance. For further research, the problematic issues regarding technical condition quality control and service life increase for the vehicle internal combustion engine have been outlined.

Vibration diagnostics of the main power plant of vessels: improvement and integration of methods

The study is devoted to the development of a comprehensive approach to vibration diagnostics of the main power plant of water transport vehicles. The method of automatic processing of narrowband spectra is being improved. The method of automatic adaptation of threshold values for timely detection of changes in technical condition against the background of natural monotonous changes in vibration parameters characteristic of ship conditions is being improved. In the course of the study, the peculiarities of the spectra of vibration signals of rotary equipment were formulated and their analysis was carried out from the point of view of evaluating the parameters of diagnostically significant components. Automatic systems of centralized control and management are traditionally used to assess the current performance of SEU on ships. Their main purpose is to assess the quality of the SEU performance of the specified operating modes. But these systems do not allow solving the task of early prediction of the loss of performance of the most loaded and failure-prone SEU elements - rotary machines, because the controlled parameters of technological processes are either inertial and do not change synchronously with the development of faults, or do not react to the development of a number of dangerous defects until the onset irreversible consequences. The method of automatic diagnostics was further developed based on the results of monitoring vibration parameters of various nature and the assessment of the diagnostic significance of their changes against the background of natural monotonous fluctuations

THE PLACE OF INSULATION COATINGS IN ENSURING RELIABILITY STEEL UNDERGROUND GAS PIPELINES

The article examines the issue of the place and role of insulating coatings in ensuring the reliability of steel underground gas pipelines. It has been shown that insulation is the main, basic means of protection against corrosion. A reliability model has been proposed for a linear section of a steel underground gas pipeline as a complex technical system consisting of unequal elements: a steel pipe as the main element that determines the operability/inoperability state of the system, and auxiliary protective elements – insulation and electrochemical protection, which reduce the level of corrosive effects of soil on the main element. This increases the degree of similarity of the reliability model to a real technical object, and also makes it possible to build a hierarchical structure of faults of various elements, taking into account their impact on the overall technical condition of the gas pipeline. It is proposed to consider its integrity as the determining physical parameter of the protective coating; the degree of preservation (loss) of integrity and the onset of the limiting state of the insulation should be assessed by the number (density) of defects.

TECHNICAL CONDITION OF THE FORMER LINEN SPINNING FACTORY AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20th CENTURY IN VITEBSK

The analysis of space-planning and constructive solution of woven carpet products manufacturing building which was built at the beginning of the 20th century in Vitebsk was performed. On the basis of visual and instrumental examinations of building constructions, calibration calculations and obtained results the conclusions about technical condition of constructions were made. The recommendations for its further reconstruction and reliable operation are given. The reconstruction of the historical building of industrial architecture will help to preserve it for future generations.

Peculiarities of algorithms for monitoring vehicle performance

Efficient operation of vehicles and systems is crucial for smooth transportation of passengers and cargo. However, the increasing complexity and size of transportation networks create problems related to vehicle operation. Challenges faced by advanced algorithms for monitoring vehicle performance include analyzing large amounts of data, unstable real-time indicators, and the need for accurate and automated methods to predict the technical condition of vehicles. This article reviews modern approaches to monitoring, identifying factors that affect the technical condition of vehicles, and implementing advanced analysis and forecasting methods in modern information and analytical systems. Thus, this article aims to examine the characteristics of algorithms used to monitor vehicle performance indicators and identify ways to improve their efficiency and accuracy. This can be achieved by utilizing the latest methods of data analysis and forecasting. This article investigates algorithms for monitoring vehicle operation indicators and aims to develop algorithms for an information system to monitor vehicle performance. The article discusses different methods for monitoring technical conditions of vehicles, such as time series analysis, forecasting, and fault detection. It describes the process of creating models and using them to predict the condition of vehicles. The article concludes by evaluating the effectiveness of current monitoring methods and suggesting areas for further research. The study's results have practical applications and can improve vehicle monitoring systems, increasing their safety and efficiency. The authors are confident that the results of the study will help improve monitoring systems and increase the overall level of safety and efficiency of vehicles and transport systems

Управление работоспособностью транспортного средства при эксплуатации

The issues of vehicle performance management under operating conditions are considered. The mechanism of changing the technical condition of the unit, the connection of parts, and the vehicle as a whole is given. The physical substantiation of the laws of failures with energy consumption is shown. The criterion of performance management during the operation of the vehicle is given, the significance of the tightness of the connection between failures and with energy consumption by fuel consumption using the Pearson statistical criterion