Technical Concepts Research Articles

IoT based sensor enabled vehicle parking system

Along with the development of society and the country, the development of cities also occurs. People use technology to facilitate the work of the community. Some of them are the Internet of Things (IoT). This technical concept solves some of the issues like traffic system, parking lots, and operating electronic devices at home when the user is away. The Internet of things provides wireless access to this system and allows users to maintain one-track parking space availability in the crowded area and on the busy lanes, with the increase in Vehicle population, road congestion in big cities is one of the major consequences. The system majorly focuses on the concept of a parking space detection mechanism that uses sensors in combination with the use of Internet of Things. i.e., it sends parking status to the internet web page. This allows users to see which parking spaces are free and where to park. This is achieved by sending the sensor's data to an IoT platform via the ESP8266 WiFi module, which displays data using HTTP. These types of systems make the user find parking slots easier than creating a mess this process saves the user time as well as improves the easy being by tracking the charges of the vehicle.

Current-Ready Indonesian Engineer in The Industry 4.0 Era

The Indonesian construction industry provides qualified regional infrastructure and human settlements. However, the disparity between the quality of infrastructure products and the competence of construction professionals to meet this, particularly in the Industry 4.0 era, still needs to be addressed. This paper reviews the existing government regulations on the construction engineer profession, who are leaders and managers to ensure the execution of construction project activities meet certain specifications, overcome all obstacles and problems from global changes and further contribute to the progress and independence of the nation. A relook at existing regulations in terms of (1) engineer professional programs, (2) engineer registration, (3) engineer institution, (4) engineer professional organization, and (5) rights and responsibility is necessary to help the construction industry in improving the roles and competitiveness of Indonesian engineers in this current 4.0 era. The outcome of this review can serve as an approach to developing a technical concept for the Indonesian engineer to take critical roles in effective quality control and management and create sustainable development in Indonesia.

An overview of Eulerian video motion magnification methods

The concept of video motion magnification has become increasingly relevant due to its ability to detect small and invisible motions that can be of great value in a variety of applications. A variety of approaches have been developed to magnify these motions and variations. While both Eulerian and Lagrangian processing methods are widely used for motion magnification, Eulerian approaches are more commonly employed due to their lower computational cost. This paper provides an overview of the powerful Eulerian motion magnification techniques. We begin with a brief introduction to technical concepts associated with Eulerian motion techniques such as pyramids and filters in image processing. Additionally, we provide a comparison between the Lagrangian and Eulerian perspectives, followed by a comprehensive overview of the various Eulerian motion magnification (EVM) techniques available. Finally, we present implementation results and a comparative analysis of some of the Eulerian motion techniques.

KRISIS METAFISIKA DAN FILSAFAT SEBAGAI TUGAS BERPIKIR: PERSPEKTIF HEIDEGGER

This article aims to reflect further Heidegger's thought on the crisis of metaphysics and philosophy as a task of thinking. Philosophy since ancient times, even today, has been oriented to seek and formulate the essential and universal concept. Is it true that searching for the ontotheological nature is the most important task of philosophy? Is it true that these single principles can reflect the truth? By using the method of library researh and critical analysis of Heidegger's works and studies on the crisis of metaphysics, this article shows that philosophy essentially does not aim to formulate absolute, universal and single notion. Philosophy is also not a project of producing standard, abstract, sophisticated and technical concepts. The important task of philosophy is to encourage men to think, an art of understanding. Thinking is not a calculative thinking (instrumental-technical rationality) but meditative and reflective thinking. Under philosophy as the task of thinking, Being, namely the totality of reality, is responded with amazement, humility and simplicity. Philosophy must liberate itself from the metaphysical trap of totalitarian power which tends to hegemonize others in the name of a single truth, to philosophy that celebrates the plurality of truths with humility dan simplicity. That is the real meaning of philosophy as philo-sophia, the love of wisdom.

Physical Touch in the Voice Studio: A Closer Look

Physical touch as a teaching methodology for voice teachers is a subject that must be confronted. The issue is a timely one considering recent social movements that are shedding light on systems of power that lead to abusive practices within society. Furthermore, there is a lack of information and consensus in recently published vocal pedagogy and music education literature regarding the effectiveness of physical touch as a teaching modality. Some voice teachers feel physical touch is necessary for quickly correcting a technical problem, while others feel that physical touch is the only way to demonstrate certain technical concepts. Currently, voice pedagogy literature that advocates for the use of physical touch in a private voice lesson is predominately supported anecdotally rather than by research, and significantly lacks the perspective of the student. The field of motor learning research can be useful in informing voice pedagogy in specific areas of intersection. Additionally, when considering other factors (such as trauma and power dynamics in the voice studio), other equally viable teaching options must be considered. Given the current state of the field of voice pedagogy, it is of the opinion of the author that physical touch as a pedagogical technique in a voice lesson should be abandoned.

A Study on how Relaxed Technical Approaches affect Perceived Tension and Performance in Pianists

The pianoforte is one of the most popular musical instruments that has attracted by any individuals at any age in any part of the world. Much of the music that had been composed for various keyboard instruments in different periods of history is often performed in the present-day acoustic piano. As a result, many music students who enroll in piano study are regularly at risk of acquiring poor technical approaches at the keyboard, which often leads to physical tension, continuous pain, injuries and a slower rate of progress. Therefore, this pilot study explored relaxed technical concepts which may help pianists to be more efficient technically in their performances. The purpose of this research study was to examine how the application of an appropriate technical concept to a technically challenging extract of a piece of music affects the perceived physical tension of piano students. It also sought to determine whether the implementation of physically relaxed approaches aids in diminishing physical tension and increasing the performance level of piano students. 26 undergraduates studying piano at the University of Visual and Performing Arts, Colombo, Sri Lanka participated in this research study. The technical approach termed ‘the underwave and overwave motion’, a relaxed technical approach of Ortmann and Taubman was applied to minimize physical tension. Participants of this research study were required to perform and record their playing for two days and the music tracks were adjudicated by five judges. The collected data were statistically analyzed by the Shapiro-Wilk test to verify the relationship between the use of piano technique, performance, and perceived tension. The perceived tension difference was computed based on the collected data as ‘performance difference = day one performance minus day two performance; and perceived tension difference = day two perceived tension minus day one perceived tension’. Based on the results, the application of appropriate technical approaches to technically challenging extracts of music minimized the perceived physical tension and also improved the tone quality of the performance.

Turing and von Neumann machines: Completing the new mechanism

Turing (1937) introduces a model of code that is followed by other pioneers of computing machines (such as Flowers 1983, Eckert, Mauchly, Brainerd 1945 and others). One of them is John von Neumann, who defines the concept of optimal code in the context of the conception of EDVAC. He later uses it to build on in his theoretical considerations of the universal constructor (von Neumann 1966). Von Neumann (1963) further presents one of the first neural network models, in relation to the work of McCulloch and Pitts (1943), for both theoretical purposes (von Neumann probe) and practical applications (computer architecture of EDVAC).The aim of this paper is (1) to describe the differences between Turingʼs and von Neumannʼs conceptualizations of code and the mechanical computing model. Between von Neumann's abstract technical conception (von Neumann 1963 and 1966) and Turingʼs more concrete biochemical conception (Turing 1952). Furthermore, (2) we want to answer the question why these influential models of mechanisms (predominantly in computer science) have so far been ignored by philosophers of the new mechanism (Machamer, Darden, Craver 2000, Glennan 2017). We will show that these classical models of machines are not only compatible with the new mechanism, but moreover complement it, since they represent a completely separate type of model of mechanism, alongside producing, maintaining and underlying (Zámečník 2021). The final (3) and main goal of our paper will be an attempt to relate von Neumannʼs and Turingʼs notion of mechanism to Barbieriʼs notion of extended mechanism (Barbieri 2015).

Technological Advancements in Field Investigations of Marine Microorganisms: From Sampling Strategies to Molecular Analyses

The special characteristics of ocean ecosystems, such as the high salinity and pressure, low temperature, and nutrition, makes marine microorganisms diverse in species, gene composition, and ecological functions. Recent advances in molecular biology techniques, together with the ongoing developments in bioinformatic and automatic technologies, have highlighted the scientific studies on marine microbial ecology, eliminating the total reliance on classical cultivation-based techniques. This review systematically summarizes the innovative aspects of a field investigation of marine microorganisms. It covers various cutting-edge sampling approaches employed in the field, highlighting the in situ high-fidelity sampling strategies with practical applications. Particular emphasis is placed on the molecular analyses for marine ecology based on recently developed omics technologies. The key technical issues and substantial contribution of the contemporary instrumental analyses are discussed accordingly. It provides references for the in situ surveys of complex biogeochemical processes from marine microorganisms to ecosystems, relying on the development of new technical concepts and scientific methodologies in field investigations.

Towards a comprehensive understanding and assessment of Offshore Energy Hubs with a hydrogen focus: An evolutionary perspective

Climate change has necessitated the reduction of CO2 emissions, particularly in hard-to-abate sectors. Offshore Energy Hubs (OEHs), powered by renewable sources, have been proposed as a potential solution for renewable build-out and cross-sectoral integration. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review examining the technical concept and assessment mechanisms of OEHs from multiple perspectives, including chronological, design, and assessment principles. The review reveals a shift in the technical concept and evaluation assessments, evolving from cost-driven to economically driven, with a trend towards harmonized assessments that incorporate both economic and societal values, such as environmental impact. The importance of societal assessments is emphasized, addressing a research gap, where further investigation is needed for a successful implementation of future large-scale OEH projects. The paper highlights the need to develop comprehensive and inclusive evaluation frameworks to ensure the sustainable implementation of OEHs for the ongoing energy transition.

Measuring Circularity in Cities: A Review of the Scholarly and Grey Literature in Search of Evidence-Based, Measurable and Actionable Indicators

Circularity in cities is key to Earth’s sustainable and resource-efficient future. In contrast to the broad framework of circular economy, circularity is a technical concept associated with avoiding disposal and prolonging the useful life of products and materials, and thereby extracting fewer resources. In search of metrics and indicators to measure the impacts of circular processes in cities in real time, the authors reviewed the literature on the circular economy and circularity, in search of evidence-based circularity indicators suitable for cities to use to benchmark the environmental and climate benefits of six waste prevention cascades. This paper reports on a systematic literature review using the PRISMA protocol to screen, evaluate, and review published and grey literature sources. From more than 15,000 papers screened, after application of criteria, fewer than 25 papers were found that presented evidence-based, measurable, and actionable indicators or indicator sets for benchmarking the performance of circular processes in cities. The authors concluded that the practical commitment to evidence-based tracking of circularity (in cities) is weak. Practical progress towards a circular economy and physical and economic circularity will require stakeholders to strengthen and test the very small number of indicators and indicator sets that are relevant and useful for cities and regions to use for measuring their progress towards becoming more circular, and increase evidence-based monitoring for circularity and the circular economy.

How auditors identify and report key audit matters - An organizational routines perspective

Despite the volume of auditing research over the last decade, relatively little is known about how auditors apply specific codified requirements. We use organisational routines as a schematic and Power's (2003) distinction between the front and backstage of an audit to explore the link between the broad prescriptions in ISA 701 and the micro-level performances of individual auditors to report key audit matters (KAMs). Interviews with 42 senior staff from large and mid-tier audit firms reveal how the ostensive elements of auditing routines result in coercive, normative and mimetic forces. These forces regulate and coordinate how audit procedures are executed to yield a frontstage representation of technical and procedural rigour. Yet, at the performative level experience, professional judgement and dynamic operating environments counter isomorphic forces. The messier backstage of activities provides an opportunity for minor modifications to audit procedures which can accumulate and impact the routine at the ostensive level. That the responsibility for the reporting KAMs vests with engagement leaders increases the opportunity for variability as they exercise professional judgement to modify the routine. Overall, our paper adds to the literature on how auditing is socially constructed and reveals how technical concepts are “transmitted” among individual practitioners to illuminate an understudied aspect of auditing. The study provides an original action-orientated perspective of how routines work in professional settings. It complements the largely inferential work on KAM determinants and should be relevant for standard-setters conducting a post-implementation review of ISA 701 and regulators monitoring KAM reporting.

Evaluation of retrieval concepts for high-level radioactive waste from a deep geological disposal in operation

Abstract. This research project evaluates retrieval concepts. For this purpose, an evaluation method for assessing retrieval concepts is developed. Safety-relevant criteria for the evaluation of individual retrieval measures and the technically necessary components have to be identified. The criteria are developed on the basis of generic, host-rock-specific concepts. Different national and international retrieval concepts are considered. Different repository concepts (host rocks and technical concepts) require different retrieval concepts. The influences and effects of implementing the requirement for retrievability must already be identified and evaluated in the scope of the representative preliminary safety assessment (rvSU) included in the site selection procedure in Germany. This requires a suitable evaluation method that facilitates an assessment and classification of the different concepts, based on their measures for retrievability and their safety-related impacts. Both host-rock-specific requirements and different emplacement concepts (borehole and drift emplacement) must be considered. The BASE (German Federal Office for the Safety of Nuclear Waste Management) research project “Evaluation of Retrieval Concepts” (BeRK) addresses the following research questions: how could different retrievability measures and specific retrieval concepts be comparatively evaluated? How can measures for implementing and optimising retrievability be assessed in terms of their safety significance? How can trade-offs be reconstructed? The criteria to be developed and their derivation are to be presented in a comprehensible manner and are compiled in a criteria catalogue. The research project contributes to a better understanding of the repository designs with regard to a possible retrievability and allows for better assessments regarding the preliminary safety assessments.

Implementasi Augmented Reality dalam Mata Pelajaran Pekerjaan Dasar Teknik Mesin di SMK Negeri 1 Sumatera Barat

Students' understanding of science is limited because the teacher's lecturing teaching method. This method makes students uninterested in following the learning process. This research is aiming to see what extent the Augmented Reality(AR) applicationcan influence students' learning perceptions. In this research, total sampling method was used with a case study approach. Data was collected through classroom observations, interviews with students, and content analysis of student responses to the use of AR as a learning media. The collected data was analyzed thematically to identify patterns of students' perceptions regarding the benefits, constraints, and responses to using AR. Results from 35 students showed that the use of AR in Mechanical Engineering Basic Work subject received positive responses with 92.5% in scores. Students report that using AR increases interest and engagement in learning, and helps them understand technical concepts better. However, several obstacles such as device limitations and initial training in the use of the technology were also identified. This research emphasizes the importance of integrating AR technology in mechanical engineering education at the vocational school level. These findings provide a vision of the impact of using AR in practical and technical learning, and provide a basis for the development of more better learning strategies. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into students' perceptions of using AR in the context of mechanical engineering education. The implications of these findings can help educators and curriculum developers to design learning experiences that are more engaging and effective in preparing students for future technical challenges.

Numerical Simulation Study on Vibration Reduction Effect of Flexible Cutting-Tooth Unit

Under the conditions of drilling in gravel-bearing and heterogeneous stratas, the movement and force of the PDC bit during drilling are highly unstable. Irregular impact loads often cause fatigue failures such as tooth fracture, tooth breakage and delamination of the composite sheet. Dynamic impact load is the main cause of fatigue failure of cutting-tooth, which seriously affects the rock-breaking performance of PDC bits. This paper proposes a flexible cutting tooth unit consisting of a central tooth, an elastic element, and a base. The technical concept of flexible-cutting rock breaking is to reduce the impact load amplitude suffered during the cutting process to a certain threshold range by setting elastic elements or reducing the support stiffness of the cutting tooth, so as to inhibit the expansion of micro defects caused by the impact dynamic load of cutting teeth and prolong the service life of drill bits. The finite-element models of flexible cutting teeth for rock cutting were established. The influence of cutting depth, front rake angle and stiffness of elastic elements on the cushioning and vibration-absorption effect of flexible cutting was analysed. The results show that flexible cutting can reduce the peak and average value of von Mises stress at the cutting edge. Under different cutting-depth conditions, the decline rates were 21.45–49.02% and 9.42–17.8%, respectively. Then, under different front-rake-angle conditions, the decline rates were 20.51–24.02% and 9.41–17.8%, respectively. There is a suitable stiffness of the elastic element, which makes the peak and average value of von Mises stress at the cutting edge of the flexible cutting-tooth unit perform better and the effect of improving the uneven stress distribution at the cutting edge better. Flexible cutting technology can effectively improve the adaptability of the PDC bit in heterogeneous formations and reduce the occurrence of abnormal failure of cutting teeth. The research results of this paper can provide theoretical support for the drilling speed of PDC bits in hard formations.

Methods for Analysis and Quantification of Power System Resilience

This paper summarizes the report prepared by an IEEE PES Task Force. Resilience is a fairly new technical concept for power systems, and it is important to precisely delineate this concept for actual applications. As a critical infrastructure, power systems have to be prepared to survive rare but extreme incidents (natural catastrophes, extreme weather events, physical/cyber-attacks, equipment failure cascades, etc.) to guarantee power supply to the electricity-dependent economy and society. Thus, resilience needs to be integrated into planning and operational assessment to design and operate adequately resilient power systems. Quantification of resilience as a key performance indicator is important, together with costs and reliability. Quantification can analyze existing power systems and identify resilience improvements in future power systems. Given that a 100% resilient system is not economic (or even technically achievable), the degree of resilience should be transparent and comprehensible. Several gaps are identified to indicate further needs for research and development.

Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation Sources from Dense Plasmas

The concept of dense and hot plasmas can be used to build up powerful and brilliant radiation sources in the soft X-ray and extreme ultraviolet spectral range. Such sources are used for nanoscale imaging and structuring applications, such as EUV lithography in the semiconductor industry. An understanding of light-generating atomic processes and radiation transport within the plasma is mandatory for optimization. The basic principles and technical concepts using either a pulsed laser or a gas discharge for plasma generation are presented, and critical aspects in the ionization dynamics are outlined within the framework of a simplified atomic physics model.

Деривационно-динамическая аспектность терминологического кластера «Техника и технологии»

The paper discusses the functional aspects of the processes of derivation in the terminological cluster “Technics and Technology”, taking into account the evolutionary processes of the language system that affect a certain derivational and motivational potential of language units. The consideration of technical concepts in the terminological system is actualized by discussing the basic model (concept-term) taking into account the principle of conceptual conditionality of derivation, the forming component is highlighted, the dominant role of the formant as the central concept in the process of suffix derivation participating in the formation of new terminological nominations is identified. The aim of the study is to determine the specifics of derivational processes in the cluster “Technics and Technology” as a special continuum of concepts and terms. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the definition of the terminological, cognitive-semiotic types of derivations, the interest in which is explained by the fact that being the basis of the evolution of the terminological system, derivation determines the terminological semiosis as a whole. The results of the study make it possible to consider technical terminology as the verbal-semiotic basis of the modern terminological cluster “Technics and Technology”.

Training evaluation for nurses and midwives using the Kirkpatrick model

Evaluation of training implementation is a form of evaluation of training that has been carried out as a basis for further training development. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the implementation of training for nurses and midwives. This study used a qualitative study design by adopting the Kirkpatrick evaluation model. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The stages of data analysis were carried out by content analysis using thematic coding, analytical induction, and technical concept mapping. A total of 12 people were involved in this study with 75% nurses and 25% midwives. The results of the FGDs and interviews found that the expected form of training was mixed training, learning media that supported time and place flexibility, evaluation of results based on significant pretest and posttest scores, no visible changes in behavior, and training provided increased knowledge, attitudes, and skills. The implementation of training planning is a systematic process starting from implementation and evaluation. Evaluation of training implementation using the Kirkpatrick model can be the basis for improving training delivery such as the form of training, training venues, training time, meeting learning needs.

Evaluating the representation of disaster hazards in SNOMED CT: gaps and opportunities.

Climate change, an underlying risk driver of natural disasters, threatens the environmental sustainability, planetary health, and sustainable development goals. Incorporating disaster-related health impacts into electronic health records helps to comprehend their impact on populations, clinicians, and healthcare systems. This study aims to: (1) map the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction and International Science Council (UNDRR-ISC) Hazard Information Profiles to SNOMED CT International, a clinical terminology used by clinicians, to manage patients and provide healthcare services; and (2) to determine the extent of clinical terminologies available to capture disaster-related events. Concepts related to disasters were extracted from the UNDRR-ISC's Hazard Information Profiles and mapped to a health terminology using a procedural framework for standardized clinical terminology mapping. The mapping process involved evaluating candidate matches and creating a final list of matches to determine concept coverage. A total of 226 disaster hazard concepts were identified to adversely impact human health. Chemical and biological disaster hazard concepts had better representation than meteorological, hydrological, extraterrestrial, geohazards, environmental, technical, and societal hazard concepts in SNOMED CT. Heatwave, drought, and geographically unique disaster hazards were not found in SNOMED CT. To enhance clinical reporting of disaster hazards and climate-sensitive health outcomes, the poorly represented and missing concepts in SNOMED CT must be included. Documenting the impacts of climate change on public health using standardized clinical terminology provides the necessary real time data to capture climate-sensitive outcomes. These data are crucial for building climate-resilient healthcare systems, enhanced public health disaster responses and workflows, tracking individual health outcomes, supporting disaster risk reduction modeling, and aiding in disaster preparedness, response, and recovery efforts.

BHiveSense: An integrated information system architecture for sustainable remote monitoring and management of apiaries based on IoT and microservices

Precision Beekeeping, a field of Precision Agriculture, is an apiary management strategy based on monitoring honeybee colonies to promote more sustainable resource usage and maximise productivity. The approach related to Precision Beekeeping is based on methodologies to mitigate the stress associated with human intervention in the colonies and the waste of resources. These goals are achieved by supporting the intervention and managing the beekeeper's timely and appropriate action at the colony's level. In recent years, the growth of IoT (Internet-of-Things) in Precision Agriculture has spurred several proposals to contribute to the paradigm of Precision Beekeeping, built on different technical concepts and with different production costs. This work proposes and describes an information systems architecture concept named BHiveSense, based on IoT and microservices, and different artefacts to demonstrate its concept: (1) a low-cost COTS (Commercial Off-The-Shelf) hive sensing prototype, (2) a REST backend API, (3) a Web application, and (4) a Mobile application. This project delivers a solution for a more integrated and sustainable beekeeping activity. Our approach stresses that by adopting microservices and a REST architecture, it is possible to deal with long-standing problems concerning interoperability, scalability, agility, and maintenance issues, delivering an efficient beehive monitoring system.