Technical Concepts Research Articles

중기 구석기시대 석기 제작기술과 내재적 발달에 대하여

One of the controversial issues in Korean Paleolithic research is establishing the technical concept of the Middle Paleolithic. In this regard, the manufacturing technique of a 65,000-year-old lithic industry excavated from the first cultural layer of the Dosan site was analyzed. As a result, a technique of selecting appropriate pebble and manufacturing flakes for blank without pre-adjustment, a technique for producing sharp rectangular flakes by hitting at the corner of raw material, a technique for making tools by precisely calculating the strike point and order and a knapping technique of large flakes were identified. While the technical elements of the Lower Paleolithic remain, it is different from the blade technique representing the Upper Paleolithic. Therefore, it can be recognized as a distinct and characteristic lithic technology of the Middle Paleolithic. However, the three techniques except the knapping technique of large flakes, contain technical elements and concepts that are common or related to the blade technique. Therefore, we cannot rule out the possibility that Upper Paleolithic inhabitants invented the blade technique by choosing and combining the essential elements from lithic technology of the previous period and also by adopting new raw materials. Thus, 65,000 years ago, lithic technology was clearly different from those of the Lower and Upper Paleolithic, but there were elements related to manufacturing techniques of both ages. In addition, considering the research results showing that the emergence of the blade technique goes up to 42,000 years ago, and that the microblade technique appeared more than 30,000 years ago, it is interpreted that the lithic technology of the Korean Peninsula has undergone a continuous and internal development process since MIS 4 stage.

EMC Research Efforts in the IEEJ Technical Committee and State‐of‐the‐Art Case Studies on ESD Found in its Technical Papers

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) has been known to cause electromagnetic noise against electronic equipment and devices even before the technical concept of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) was established 68 years ago in the United States and 48 years ago in Japan, while the ESD still continues to be studied as one of the most significant issues that should be solved in EMC areas. This is largely because the underlying nature of ESD has yet to be essentially elucidated from an EMC perspective. On the other hand, as an academic research organization on EMC in Japan, a Technical Committee named ‘EMCJ’ on ‘Environmental Electromagnetic Engineering’ was founded in 1976 in both the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan (IEEJ) and the Institute of Electronics and Communication Engineers or the present IEICE (Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers) to address EMC concerns. Since then, the EMCJ has been jointly conducting EMC research activities under the IEICE as the nominating body and the IEEJ as the associative body, whereas the EMCJ of IEEJ was dissolved in 1999 to form a new Technical Committee on EMC (TC‐EMC) in order to deal with EMC issues appropriate to the IEEJ. In this review, to mark the 25th anniversary of the IEEJ Technical Committee on EMC (TC‐EMC) in 2024, the EMC research efforts and activities that the TC‐EMC has conducted over the past 25 years from January 2000 to March 2024 are surveyed from 1272 technical papers presented at the technical meetings. Furthermore, among the ESD issues identified in these technical papers, the latest case studies utilizing ‘spark resistance laws’ that allow the analysis of the initial behavior of sparks, in which a spark is the essence of ESD and is the key to open the door to elucidate the phenomenon, particularly from an EMC perspective, are reviewed. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Enabling environmental sustainability and circularity assessment in technology development: The Value-Impact Scanner

The development of new technologies by manufacturing companies can enable more environmentally sustainable and circular solutions. However, there is a lack of tools to assess the sustainability potential of these technologies during research and development. This paper proposes a novel framework to structure and make sense of sustainability and circularity in technology development projects, relating to both value and environmental impacts. The framework was developed into a tool following the Design Research Methodology, in collaboration with a manufacturing company. The tool was tested in three case studies in manufacturing companies, indicating its broad usefulness. The technology assessment tool enables (1) a quick screening of technical solutions or concepts, (2) the definition of decision-making criteria, and (3) the detection of potential negative environmental consequences of innovative technology, especially trade-offs related to circular economy. It was shown to help technology developers to make informed decisions about the environmental sustainability potential of their innovation projects, and to identify areas for improvement.

A carnival learning party: crossing cultural borders through coding literacy

This experience report aims to describe the conceptual and logistical features of Coding Carnival, a Brazilian-American collaboration on teaching computer programming as literacy. It is a descriptive study, with a qualitative inquiry into the Eisner methodology approach (2017). In the fall of 2019, through a sponsorship from the Brazilian government, Corrêa came to study concepts of coding literacy with Vee, an English professor at the University of Pittsburgh. They elected to design a reading group focused on teaching coding in K12[1] contexts. Readings included Brazilian and American scholars of literacy and coding, alongside hands-on activities. The culmination of the reading group was a "Coding Carnival," two public all-ages events with a theme of Brazilian carnival to demonstrate hands-on coding activities and to help families learn coding literacy together. The power and identity relationships inherent to literacy, as well as its symbolic and technological features, connected "coding literacy" with Brazilian literacy theory--in particular, the potential of individual transformation and emancipation described by P. Freire (1981). D’Ambrosio's "ethnomathematics" helped us to see how cultural, physical, and social conditions shape the mathematical thinking embedded in coding practices (D’Ambrosio, 2002). The coding literacy theory, presented by Vee (2017), in conversation with Bers’ ideas of teaching coding as a second language, helped us to bridge the gap between teaching in the humanities and understanding technical concepts in programming through a carnival learning party.[2] [1] K–12 is an abbreviation of kindergarten (K) for 5– 6-year-olds through twelfth grade (12) for 17–18-year-olds, corresponding to the first and last grades, respectively, of free basic education in the USA. [2] This study was approved by the University of Pittsburgh Institutional Review Board under the number STUDY19100176.

Approaches, advantages, and challenges to photon counting detector and multi-energy CT.

Photon counting detector CT (PCD-CT) is the newest major development in CT technology and has been commercially available since 2021. It offers major technological advantages over current standard-of-care energy integrating detector CT (EID-CT) including improved spatial resolution, improved iodine contrast to noise ratio, multi-energy imaging, and reduced noise. This article serves as a foundational basis to the technical approaches and concepts of PCD-CT technology with primary emphasis on detector technology in direct comparison to EID-CT. The article also addresses current technological challenges to PCD-CT with particular attention to cross talk and its causes (e.g., Compton scattering, fluorescence, charge sharing, K-escape) as well as pile-up.

Me, us and IT

The adoption and pedagogical use of technologies such as virtual worlds to support teaching and learning, and research in higher education involves a complex interplay of technical, organisational and personal factors. In this paper, eighteen educators and researchers provide an overview of how they perceive a virtual world can be used in education from the perspective of themselves as individuals ‘me’, their educational organisations and as members of the Australian and New Zealand Virtual Worlds Working Group (VWWG) community of practice ‘us’, as well as the complex technology that underpins this learning environment ‘IT’. Drawing on Linstone’s (1981, 1984) Technical, Organisational and Personal (TOP) multiple perspective concept as the framework for analysis, the authors discuss their perspectives of how the personal, organisational and technical aspects of teaching through the use of virtual worlds have impacted on their teaching and research in higher education. The potential of employing the TOP framework to inform future research into the use of technologies such as virtual worlds in teaching and learning is explored.

Rapid determination of seismic influence field based on mobile communication big data-A case study of the Luding Ms 6.8 earthquake in Sichuan, China.

Smartphone location data provide the most direct field disaster distribution data with low cost and high coverage. The large-scale continuous sampling of mobile device location data provides a new way to estimate the distribution of disasters with high temporal-spatial resolution. On September 5, 2022, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake struck Luding County, Sichuan Province, China. We quantitatively analyzed the Ms 6.8 earthquake from both temporal and geographic dimensions by combining 1,806,100 smartphone location records and 4,856 spatial grid locations collected through communication big data with the smartphone data under 24-hour continuous positioning. In this study, the deviation of multidimensional mobile terminal location data is estimated, and a methodology to estimate the distribution of out-of-service communication base stations in the disaster area by excluding micro error data users is explored. Finally, the mathematical relationship between the seismic intensity and the corresponding out-of-service rate of communication base stations is established, which provides a new technical concept and means for the rapid assessment of post-earthquake disaster distribution.

THE STRATEGIC VALUE OF BUSINESS ANALYSTS IN ENHANCING ORGANIZATIONAL EFFICIENCY AND OPERATIONS

Business analysts play a crucial role in enhancing organizational efficiency and operations by bridging the gap between business needs and technological solutions. This review explores the strategic value of business analysts in driving organizational success through effective analysis, communication, and stakeholder engagement. Business analysts act as key facilitators in organizations, translating business objectives into actionable requirements for technology solutions. By conducting thorough analysis of business processes, systems, and data, business analysts identify opportunities for improvement and recommend strategic solutions to enhance operational efficiency. Their role extends beyond mere problem-solving; they also play a pivotal role in aligning business goals with technology initiatives, ensuring that projects deliver tangible value to the organization. Furthermore, business analysts excel in communication and stakeholder engagement, acting as liaisons between business units, IT teams, and external vendors. Their ability to translate complex technical concepts into clear, understandable language enables them to facilitate collaboration and consensus among diverse stakeholders. This skill is particularly valuable in Agile environments, where collaboration and communication are key principles. Moreover, business analysts are instrumental in driving organizational change and transformation. By conducting impact assessments, developing change management strategies, and providing training and support, business analysts ensure that technology implementations are successful and sustainable. Their holistic approach to problem-solving and their focus on delivering value make them invaluable assets to organizations seeking to improve efficiency and operations. In conclusion, the strategic value of business analysts in enhancing organizational efficiency and operations cannot be overstated. Their unique blend of analytical skills, communication prowess, and stakeholder engagement abilities make them indispensable in driving organizational success. By leveraging the expertise of business analysts, organizations can streamline processes, improve decision-making, and achieve their strategic objectives with greater efficiency and effectiveness. Keywords: Strategic Value, Business Analysts, Enhancing, Organizational Efficiency, Operations.

ADVANCEMENTS AND CHALLENGES IN AI INTEGRATION FOR TECHNICAL LITERACY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

This systematic review explores the advancements and challenges associated with the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in promoting technical literacy. Technical literacy is increasingly important in today's digital age, where understanding and utilizing technology are essential skills. AI has the potential to enhance technical literacy by providing personalized learning experiences, facilitating hands-on learning, and offering innovative tools and resources. However, the integration of AI in education also presents challenges, such as ensuring equitable access, addressing ethical considerations, and overcoming technical barriers. The review examines a range of studies and literature related to AI integration for technical literacy, focusing on key themes such as personalized learning, hands-on learning, and innovative tools. It highlights the potential of AI to transform technical education by providing tailored learning experiences that cater to individual needs and preferences. AI-driven tools, such as simulations, virtual laboratories, and intelligent tutoring systems, have been shown to enhance student engagement and understanding of technical concepts. Despite the benefits, the review also identifies challenges associated with AI integration, including the need for teacher training, concerns about data privacy, and the risk of reinforcing existing inequalities. Addressing these challenges requires careful planning, collaboration between educators and technology developers, and a commitment to ensuring equitable access to AI-driven educational resources. Overall, this review provides insights into the current state of AI integration for technical literacy and highlights the opportunities and challenges associated with this approach. By addressing these challenges and leveraging the potential of AI, educators can enhance technical literacy and prepare students for success in a technology-driven world.
 Keywords: Advancement, Challenges, AI, Integration, Technical Literacy.

Inflection of Beating Transformation by Routing Point on Vitreous Chamber

Moist skin on the wild surface is a roll alteration that transports droplets like a superconductor in a single or multi-layer multi-block module. Coruscating-individualization realization level (CIRL) within the skin used a technique of messaging with a roll realization level function in the stiff swell-repercussion status and mixing with pulse changes. In the swell-repercussion status, the roll messaging function within the skin was calculated as the roll value found as a peel-stick-wall-dot by the superstructure being observed. The roll repercussion function shown in the dermis layer consisted of an alteration signal as a realization level based on the coruscating-individualization level, and was measured using the technical concept of pulse change of the diffusion repercussion function and converted to the value of CIRL by the maximum average. The degree of pulse change was expressed as the degree of water distribution within the skin, and a value was formed according to the realization level of the repercussion function. In Ro-RG-FA-ΦMAX-MIN, the roll far alteration value due to roll peel-stick-wall-dot repercussion was shown as 19.77±4.36 units. In roll convenient alteration value, Ro-RG-CO-ΦMAX-MIN was found to be 6.68±1.33. In roll flank alteration value, Ro-RG-RO-ΦMAX-MIN was found to be 1.64±0.01 units. In roll vicinage alteration value, Ro-RG-VI-ΦMAX-MIN was found to be 0.42±0.15 units. In the dermis layer, swell repercussion by CIRL is evaluated by the degree of peel-stick-wall-dot diffusion function shown at the roll realization level of porous matter, and the dermis layer shown at the messaging level system is expressed as a differentiated function and can be used. You can. The function of the porous in the dermis layer is a concept that suppresses differential signals in diffusion realizationl systems and could be utilized as a promising key tool to utilize the data from a nanotechnology perspective and for basic applications for analyzing surfaces.

Design and Implementation of SRAM Using Verilog

Abstract: This comprehensive review delves into the intricate realm of the Static Random-Access Memory (SRAM) design and implementation, elucidating its pivotal role in shaping the performance, efficiency, and reliability of contemporary electronic systems, involving applications in ASIC devices. With a primary focus on the integration of Verilog, a hardware description language (HDL), the paper provides an in-depth background on SRAM, meticulously detailing its architecture, operation, and overall significance in electronic systems. The review meticulously addresses challenges inherent in SRAM design, encompassing considerations such as power consumption, speed, and area efficiency. Significantly, it underscores the crucial role of Verilog by delving into its syntax, modules, and procedural constructs, showcasing its application in modeling key SRAM components. The discussion extends to design trade-offs, including size, speed, and power consumption, illustrating how Verilog plays a pivotal role in facilitating optimal parameter optimization. The review seamlessly integrates technical concepts like RTL (Register Transfer Level), and procedural assignments, ensuring a comprehensive exploration of SRAM design intricacies. Additionally, it introduces terms such as testbench, bitcell and power reduction, further enhancing the reader's understanding of the complex interplay between Verilog and SRAM design.

ANALYSIS ON OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY OF SMART UNIVERSITY GYMNASIUM IN CHINA

Introduction. With the continuous development of science and technology and the progress of society, the operation and management of smart sports venues has become an important topic in the new era. Smart sports stadium operation and management uses advanced technical means and management concepts, improve the operational efficiency and user experience of the stadium, to achieve sustainable development. Purpose. This paper will discuss the background and importance of the operation and management of smart sports venues, introduce the concept and characteristics of smart sports venues, put forward corresponding operation and management strategies, and analyze the challenges faced and solutions. Through in-depth research on the operation and management of smart sports venues, it can provide useful reference and guidance for the development of China's sports industry. Methods. Nowadays, the technical difficulties of mass sports are becoming more and more difficult, and the requirements for the quality level of sports services are becoming higher and higher, but the traditional sports infrastructure is difficult to provide the public with scientific and accurate technical guidance and high-quality sports services. Results. This leads to a certain contradiction between supply and demand in China's sports industry market, which restricts the development of mass sports. Such as table tennis, badminton, basketball, football and running are widely loved by the masses of sports, in fact, have higher technical requirements, if the technology is not in place, the action is not standard, not standard, it will not only affect the masses of sports exercise effect, but also may cause sports safety accidents. Conclusion. Through the construction of smart sports venues and the information upgrade of traditional sports infrastructure, it can accurately collect the relevant data information of public fitness, such as sports items, sports consumption, exercise time, and even the health indicators of people in the process of exercise. These data information can be shared by non-governmental sports organizations, sports enterprises, local sports departments and medical and health units through networking.

Academician V.N. Boltinsky’s Scientific article Legacy in Agricultural Engineering Education and Science (Commemorating the 120th Anniversary of the Birth)

The article delves into the scientific contributions and advancements of the eminent Russian scientist in agricultural tractor construction, Vasily Nikolaevich Boltinsky. (Research purpose) The paper aims to shape and consolidate historical, scientific, engineering and technical concepts regarding the establishment and development of scientific and pedagogical institutions focused on the study of tractor engine operation and machine-tractor units in unsteady modes. It also seeks to underscore the contributions made by Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, and Member of VASKHNIL, V.N. Boltinsky. (Materials and methods) The study employs a chronological approach, utilizing historical, scientific, and informational resources, including publications by prominent scientists and original works by the academician himself. The paper also analyzes and summarizes historical facts detailing the role of V.N. Boltinsky in enhancing the design and efficiency of Soviet tractors and machinery units. (Results and discussions) Throughout his career, from assistant to associate professor to vice-president of VASKHNIL, V.N. Boltinsky dedicated himself to developing and testing new models of both foreign and domestic tractor equipment. His extensive experience and years of research culminated in the publication of the monograph «Operation of a tractor engine under unsteady load», which extensively explores the impact of varying loads on engine performance. V.N. Boltinsky successfully solved problems related to enhancing the operational speed of machine and tractor units, as well as innovating the design of agricultural machinery. (Conclusions) The life and professional endeavors of V.N. Boltinsky serve as a shining example of dedication to science, education, and the professional advancement of engineering and scientific professionals. To honor his legacy, an annual scientific and practical seminar entitled «Academician V.N. Boltinsky Readings» is held in Russia, ensuring his contributions continue to be celebrated and remembered.

Data Statements: From Technical Concept to Community Practice

Responsible computing ultimately requires that technical communities develop and adopt tools, processes, and practices that mitigate harms and support human flourishing. Prior efforts toward the responsible development and use of datasets, machine learning models, and other technical systems have led to the creation of documentation toolkits to facilitate transparency, diagnosis, and inclusion. This work takes the next step: to catalyze community uptake, alongside toolkit improvement. Specifically, starting from one such proposed toolkit specialized for language datasets, data statements for natural language processing, we explore how to improve the toolkit in three senses: (1) the content of the toolkit itself, (2) engagement with professional practice, and (3) moving from a conceptual proposal to a tested schema that the intended community of use may readily adopt. To achieve these goals, we first conducted a workshop with natural language processing practitioners to identify gaps and limitations of the toolkit as well as to develop best practices for writing data statements, yielding an interim improved toolkit. Then we conducted an analytic comparison between the interim toolkit and another documentation toolkit, datasheets for datasets. Based on these two integrated processes, we present our revised Version 2 schema and best practices in a guide for writing data statements. Our findings more generally provide integrated processes for co-evolving both technology and practice to address ethical concerns within situated technical communities.

“The power imbalance was blown out the window”: developing and implementing creative workshops to enhance communication of statistics in patient and public involvement in clinical trials

BackgroundDespite the importance of statistical and numerical aspects in key decisions related to clinical trials and their impact in patient’s care, patient and public involvement remains underdeveloped in this field. Communication is a barrier to enable successful involvement of patients and the public in numerical aspects. Treatment important differences, a crucial numerical aspect in trials, is considered a priority for patient and public involvement. Creative methods have been proposed to improve communication of technical concepts with members of the public; and to democratise and improve inclusivity in patient and public involvement in health research.MethodsWorking with creative professionals, public partners, and statisticians, we aimed to develop, pilot and implement creative workshops to promote a shared understanding of treatment important differences; and co-develop creative prototypes that could be used to communicate the statistical concept to a wider audience in the future. Three 2 to 4 h creative workshops based in the UK were delivered. The first two workshops included 22 participants. They were online and worked as pilots to refine the final in-person workshop via participant feedback and discussion. The final workshop focused on treatment important differences, and we collected information from participants on expectations, subjective numeracy, and experience.ResultsThe final workshop included 13 participants (5 creative professionals, 4 public partners, and 4 clinical trial statisticians). Participants reported creative workshops helped improve communication of treatment important differences between stakeholders reaching a common understanding of their meaning; and helped democratise knowledge exchange. Each group developed a creative prototype to communicate about treatment important differences with a wider audience, including a song, game, and a cartoon. Participants recommended the format to improve communication of other statistical or complex concepts between stakeholders.ConclusionsCreative workshops can promote shared understanding of complex, statistical concepts and co-development of creative outputs amongst stakeholders. Future work should explore generalisability of the intervention, and what outcomes might be important to consider when implementing creative workshops in patient and public involvement practice.

Recent advances in the treatment of renal stones using flexible ureteroscopys.

Upper urinary tract stones are a common urological disease that can be treated by flexible ureteroscopy (FURS) through the natural urinary tract, in addition to extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy. The advantages of FURS are less trauma, faster recovery, and fewer complications, while its disadvantages include poor results of lithotripsy and stone extraction when dealing with larger stones, and prolonged operation time. Over the last two decades, the emergence of new technologies such as FURS combined with negative pressure suction, robot-assisted FURS, and artificially intelligent FURS, coupled with improvements in laser technology (the use of thulium fiber lasers and the invention of single-use flexible ureteroscopes (su-fURS) suitable for primary level application, have significantly increased the global adoption of FURS. This surge in usage holds a promising future in clinical application, benefiting a growing number of patients with renal calculi. Accompanied by changes in technical concepts and therapeutic modalities, the scope of indications for FURS is broadening, positioning it as a potential primary choice for urolithiasis treatment in the future. This review outlines the progress in employing FURS for the treatment of renal calculi in order to generate insights for further research.

Beatboxing: Teaching technical acoustical concepts through pop culture

The motivation for this presentation is to demonstrate that vocal percussion, or “beatboxing,” can be a rich method of teaching and demonstrating various introductory acoustical concepts. Beatboxing can be an entertaining way to demonstrate the different acoustical sources of energy—namely burst, noise, and voice—and how they can be combined to create familiar and unfamiliar phonemes, such as the “PF” snare. It also provides an engaging way to introduce the anatomy of the vocal tract as the students can see and hear how vibrating different parts of the mouth and throat (e.g., vocal cords, epiglottis, vestibular folds, lips, etc.) alter the sound. Finally, beatboxing can be used to demonstrate the source-filter model of speech production through altering the sound source in the throat and displaying how to change your mouth shape to produce different formant-altering effects, such as the rapid formant shifting that gives a record scratch its characteristic sound. Beatboxing provides an entertaining and effective way to demonstrate technical concepts to students in an artistic format which captures the attention, especially of younger audiences. [Undergraduate research supported by the College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, at Brigham Young University.]

Investigating How Social Justice Framing for Assessments Impacts Technical Learning

Multiple studies call for engineering education to integrate social justice into classroom instruction. Yet, there is uncertainty regarding whether integrating these social topics into engineering curriculum will support or detract from the learning of technical concepts. This study focuses on evaluating how reframing technical assessments to include social justice concepts impacts student learning and investigates how well students integrate social justice into engineering decision making. Using a within-subject design, in which students were exposed to both conditions (questions with and without social justice context), we evaluate how social justice framing impacts overall student learning of technical topics. Social justice prompts are added to homework questions, and we assess students’ demonstration of knowledge of original technical content of the course, as well as their ability to consider social justice implications of engineering design. In the earlier homework assignment, the experimental group showed a significant decrease in learning when technical concepts were framed to include social justice. As the students became more familiar with social justice considerations, their learning of technical concepts became comparable to that of students who did not have the social justice components in their assignment. Their evaluation of the social implications of technical decisions also improved. History: This paper has been accepted for the INFORMS Transactions on Education Special Issue on DEI in ORMS Classrooms. Funding: This work was supported by the Carnegie Mellon University’s Wimmer Faculty Fellowship and the National Science Foundation [Grant 2053856]. D. Nock also acknowledges support from the Wilton E. Scott Institute for Energy Innovation, where she is an energy fellow. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ited.2022.0030 .

Ultra-High-Frequency ECG in Cardiac Pacing and Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: From Technical Concept to Clinical Application.

Identifying electrical dyssynchrony is crucial for cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). The ultra-high-frequency electrocardiography (UHF-ECG) technique allows instantaneous dyssynchrony analyses with real-time visualization. This review explores the physiological background of higher frequencies in ventricular conduction and the translational evolution of UHF-ECG in cardiac pacing and CRT. Although high-frequency components were studied half a century ago, their exploration in the dyssynchrony context is rare. UHF-ECG records ECG signals from eight precordial leads over multiple beats in time. After initial conceptual studies, the implementation of an instant visualization of ventricular activation led to clinical implementation with minimal patient burden. UHF-ECG aids patient selection in biventricular CRT and evaluates ventricular activation during various forms of conduction system pacing (CSP). UHF-ECG ventricular electrical dyssynchrony has been associated with clinical outcomes in a large retrospective CRT cohort and has been used to study the electrophysiological differences between CSP methods, including His bundle pacing, left bundle branch (area) pacing, left ventricular septal pacing and conventional biventricular pacing. UHF-ECG can potentially be used to determine a tailored resynchronization approach (CRT through biventricular pacing or CSP) based on the electrical substrate (true LBBB vs. non-specified intraventricular conduction delay with more distal left ventricular conduction disease), for the optimization of CRT and holds promise beyond CRT for the risk stratification of ventricular arrhythmias.

Propulsion and Suspension Concept of the Technical University of Munich Hyperloop Full-Scale Demonstrator

The hyperloop concept envisions a low pressure tube and capsules, called pods, traveling at the speed of commercial aircraft as a sustainable, future-proof mass transportation system between cities. However, in contrast to the use case of such a system, the detailed technical concept is still under development. One challenging difference in comparison to other modes of transportation lies in the technical concept of the infrastructure, which is hard to change in the long term and therefore allows a few iterations only. This study’s key contribution is to showcase the conceptual design decisions of the 24 m full-scale Hyperloop Demonstrator at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) for the propulsion and suspension system, featuring the design decision tree (DDT) method as a framework to visualize and explain the technical design decisions and dependencies of complex hardware systems. The construction of the full-scale demonstrator not only proved the feasibility of the concept but also provided valuable concept-level experiences, which are shared within this work. Compared to existing maglev and hyperloop concepts, the presented concept features a separated air-cored long stator propulsion system and a homopolar electromagnetic suspension at the bottom with the track wrapping around the vehicle, revealing promising advantages like the structural simplification of the infrastructure and the independence of the guideway and tube.