Team Sports Games Research Articles

USING ACTIVE AND PASSIVE BREAKS DURING HANDBALL GAMES ACCORDING TO SPECIALISTS

In most team sports games, only a few of the players enter the starting line of the match, and the others are bound by regulation to sit on the bench and remain inactive. The first objective of our research was to obtain an informed opinion from the coaches in Romania regarding the role of passive and active breaks in the possible evolution of reserve players in the match. In addition, we wanted to know whether specialists use programs to preserve the optimal capacity for effort during sports activities. As a research tool, we used the opinion questionnaire with 24 respondents. We analysed the data for normality and then expressed it by mean, minimum and maximum values. We appreciated the degree of correlation (rho) between the studied parameters by calculating the Spearman correlation coefficient. A value of the coefficient of statistical significance p <0,05 was considered significant. At the same time, we determined the internal consistency of the research tools by using the Alfa Cronbach coefficient for the Likert scale applied to our questionnaire. We have analysed the relationship between the „effects of passive” breaks and „opportunity of using active” breaks to see if coaches' opinion on the effects of passive breaks is correlated with their appreciation of the appropriateness of using active breaks. The conclusion of our study is that we cannot appreciate that the opinion of Romanian coaches on the effects of passive breaks on the players on the sidelines is consistent with the actual use of some pause programs active, focused on maintaining the optimal functioning capacity of the body of the player.

The Social Intellect and its relationship with some Technical Skills in Football Young Players

The relationship between the mental side and skillful performance is one of the important concept in team sport games such as football. Social intellect is considered important and one of the technical requirements in the players' personality because it is connected with the player's ability to deal with others and build good social relations among the team so that they will be a coherent group for doing the sport achievement. Therefore, the importance of conducting this research lies in knowing the relationship between the social intellect and the performance of some technical skills by football young players. It must be taken into consideration that the psychological and social sides are not paid sufficient attention by the coaches and specialists in Iraqi football affairs. Also, there is a rarity of studies conducted on the players' social intellect in Iraqi sport teams. This research aims at knowing the nature of the relationship between social intellect and the performance of some technical skills by the football young players. The researcher used the descriptive approach in surveying manner. The sample consisted of some league youth clubs of premier level. Also, he used social intellect measurement for players and consequently he concluded that there is significant correlation between the players' social intellect and the performance of some technical in the young players.

SYSTEM OF TRAINING CONTROL ELEMENTS IN TEAM SPORTS GAMES BASED ON A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH

Introduction. The formation of a system of control elements in team sports based on modern trends in training and competitive activities and the specific conditions of the players in the team will allow to increase the effectiveness of control and further correction of the training process and competitive activities, taking into account the tasks of the stages of the multi-year training of athletes who specialize in game sports. Therefore, this direction of research is relevant. The aim of the study is to scientifically substantiate the system of control elements in team sports games based on the analysis of modern trends in the theory of sports games, features of competitive activity, monitoring of managerial actions of coaches regarding the implementation of control in the practice of training athletes in game sports. Material and methods: analysis of special, scientific and methodical literature, survey, pedagogical observation, generalization of practical experience of trainers, system method. Results. Our proposed system of elements of monitoring the readiness of athletes who specialize in team sports differs from its predecessors in that at each stage of multi-year training the means of control have distinctive features, contain group and team tasks, which are based on consideration of the object of control, such as "sum", when each test participant performs the same task and as "synergy", when each player has his own task for the overall result. In our opinion, this approach will allow coaches to save time on various control measures with a large number of players in teams, as well as increase the motivational significance of control results for each player as a member of a team – a single system. Conclusions. The elements of a hierarchical system of knowledge about control elements at the levels of a player, a group of players, a team, which are different in comparison with the general theory of sports and in comparison with individual sports, are defined. In the course of the study, the variants of the object of control of the sides of the athletes’ preparation in team sports games were scientifically substantiated.

The influence of sports games on the state of health and level of physical fitness in the applicants of the higher education institutions

One of the important components of the student education system is physical education.
 The main task of physical education in higher education institutions is to preserve and strengthen the health of students during their studies while ensuring an adequate level of their psychophysical readiness for future professional activities.
 Physical education classes in higher education institutions address the task of preserving and improving health, increasing the level of physical fitness and performance, and forming a sustainable motivation for systematic physical exercise among students.
 Among the wide variety of physical education tools used for the comprehensive and harmonious development of the applicants of the higher education sports games are one of the leading ones.
 Sports games include many different team and individual sports games. The most popular of these in Ukraine are volleyball, basketball, football, tennis, bowling, billiards, handball, badminton, and table tennis.
 Sports games such as football, volleyball, basketball, handball, table tennis, badminton, and tennis play an important role in the system of physical education of the applicants of the higher education The article examines the impact of systematic training in badminton, basketball, volleyball, handball, table tennis, tennis and football on the health and physical fitness in the applicants of the higher education institutions.
 It is established that the use of sports games: badminton, basketball, volleyball, handball, table tennis, tennis, football in physical education classes in the applicants of the higher education institutions contributes to improving health and increasing the level of physical fitness.
 The variety of sports games and knowledge of their focus allow the applicants of the higher education institutions to choose which sports game to attend according to their preferences and goals.

Gender-specific issues for sport preparedness of elite female athletes in team sport games

Purpose. The goal of this study was to identify gender-specific issues of sports training to assist in the planning of training and competition loads of female elite athletes in team sport games.
 Material and methods. Bibliometric techniques were applied in this study to gather highly cited papers in sport sciences published during 2005-2022. The method of expert evaluations was used to determine the modern problems of female elite sports. To determine the model characteristics of the optimal psychophysiological state and balance function of elite male versus female athletes during physical exercises, two independent groups 17 women and 24 men were compared, elite athletes from such sport games, as: basketball (women, n=10 and men, n=14), handball (women, n=3 and men, n=5) and volleyball (women, n=4 and men, n=5). Mathematical and statistical processing and data analysis were carried out using the computing and graphic capabilities of the computer programs "Statistica" and Microsoft Excel 2010.
 Results. The analysis of sports scientific literature regarding gender-specific issues and the experts' analytical notes allowed us to obtain information about the main problems, such as: using male models of physical preparation at the training process for women. We determined that the psychophysiological functions for men and women have very particular gender-specific characteristics. For men, it is a predominance of attention, and for women, mobility and strength of nervous processes, respectively. As for the ratio of the quality of the equilibrium function of elite athletes without and with visual control, significantly higher indicators are observed for women (0,98 ± 0,02, p<0,05) compared to the group of men (0,78 ± 0,06, p<0,05).
 Conclusions. The research results obtained by us when comparing the psychophysiological and biomechanical indicators of elite athletes of different gender groups provide reliable information about the need to build different approaches in planning special physical loads for female and male athletes in sport games.

Individual Locating of Soccer Players from a Single Moving View.

Positional data in team sports is key in evaluating the players' individual and collective performances. When the sole source of data is a broadcast-like video of the game, an efficient video tracking method is required to generate this data. This article describes a framework that extracts individual soccer player positions on the field. It is based on two main components. As in broadcast-like videos of team sport games, the camera view moves to follow the action and a sport field registration method estimates the homography between the pitch and the frame space. Our method estimates the positions of key points sampled on the pitch thanks to an encoder-decoder architecture. The attention mechanisms of the encoder, based on a vision transformer, captures characteristic pitch features globally in the frames. A multiple person tracker generates tracklets in the frame space by associating, with bipartite matching, the player detections between the current and the previous frames thanks to Intersection-Over-Union and distance criteria. Tracklets are then iteratively merged with appearance criteria thanks to a re-identification model. This model is fine-tuned in a self-supervised way on the player thumbnails of the video sample to specifically recognize the fine identification details of each player. The player positions in the frames projected by the homographies allow the obtaining of the real position of the players on the pitch at every moment of the video. We experimentally evaluate our sport field registration method and our 2D player tracker on public datasets. We demonstrate that they both outperform previous works for most metrics. Our 2D player tracker was also awarded first place at the SoccerNet tracking challenge in 2022 and 2023.

Approaches to assessing competitive activity in team sports games

The article analyzes the state of the problem of using different approaches to the assessment of competitive activity in team sports games. The purpose of the study is to analyze modern approaches to the assessment of competitive activity in team sports games based on scientific and methodological literature. Research methodology: analysis of special, scientific and methodological literature, analysis of computer programs for the analysis of competitive activity, systematic method, generalization and systematization of data. Research results. In the course of the analysis of the scientific and methodological literature, reserves for further scientific researches in this area were revealed, namely the development of a system for comprehensive control of the competitive activity of young basketball players, the basis of which should be: modern trends in the development of children's and youth basketball (changes in the rules of the game, special regulations of competitions taking into account age characteristics, the calendar of competitions during the annual cycle, the amount of games); inconsistency of the content of modern technical and tactical actions with control tests (the one is studied - the other is controlled); the absence of a differentiated approach to the selection of tests depending on the age and stage of preparation, the period of the annual cycle; lack of a comprehensive assessment of special abilities affecting the effectiveness of competitive activity (assessment of theoretical preparedness, psychological state, special psychological preparation); lack of a program for evaluating technical and tactical actions during competitive activity, designed specifically to control the mastery of actions taking into account the tasks for the multi-year training stage of young basketball players and the specific features of team playing.
 Conclusion. In the study, the attempt to determine the basic elements of the system for evaluating competitive activity in team sports games, which, of course, can be improved and expanded in the future was made .

The Relationship Among Acceleration, Deceleration and Changes of Direction in Repeated Small Sided Games.

The change of direction (COD) ability is perhaps the most significant fitness component in team sport games. One of the best ways to develop COD as well as other components of the game in soccer is the regular inclusion of small sided games (SSGs) in the training process. Therefore, the aim of this research was to determine changes in physiological and kinematic variables in repeated SSGs in youth soccer players. Additionally, we investigated the relationship between selected IMA variables such as acceleration, deceleration and changes of direction. Participants included sixteen U17 soccer players from a 2nd league professional team with a high aerobic capacity. The study design involved six 3-min 4 × 4 SSGs with goalkeepers and with a 3-min rest interval between games, during two training sessions played on a field of 25 x 35 m. The results showed that the intervention protocol consisting of repeated SSGs generated an intensity below the anaerobic threshold. This allowed for the maintenance of all variables (Heart Rate, Total Distance Covered, Velocity, Acceleration, Deceleration, Change of Direction) at a similar level throughout the subsequent six SSGs. The analysis revealed that in the six SSGs, players performed the most Acc and Dec, then COD Right and the least COD Left. From the third game on, a decrease in the number of COD Right was noticed. We hypothesized that progressive neuromuscular fatigue on the dominant side caused a more symmetrical trend in COD.

Variations of explosive strength for the students of the faculty of physical education and sports depending on the type of sports activities

Explosive strength has a decisive role in the rapid execution of movements and in achieving sports performance. The purpose of the study is to identify the differences in the level of explosive force for the upper and lower body, depending on the involvement in curricular physical activities, leisure physical activities or physical efforts in various sports disciplines. The participants are students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport/bachelor’s degree: 147 men (age = 20.82 years old). The study was based on a transversal research, with the division of students into 3 distinct investigation groups (as an independent variable), according to sports majors: IS (individual sports), TSG (team sports games) and NA (non-athletes). 7 lower body explosive force evaluation tests and 6 upper body explosive force evaluation tests were applied. The use of ANOVA/Analysis of variance and the comparison on pairs of sports specializations indicate statistically significant differences for most of the tests, between the TSG and NA, respectively IS and NA groups, with the superiority of the athletes. No significant differences are reported between the TSG and IS groups, with 2 exceptions: in the 30s-Plyometric Push-Ups the IS group has significantly better values, respectively in the 30s-lateral hop for the TSG group (p ≤ 0.05). The results of our study are in line with the average performance values provided by other research in the field (although they are weaker than those of elite athletes). The superiority of the individual values of volleyball players and sprinters/Track and field for the power of the lower body, respectively of combat sports practitioners and practitioners of sports games—which use the muscle groups of the trunk and arms in training—for the power of the upper body is confirmed, so the specificity of the effort also influences the explosive force values.

COACHING STYLES AS A BASIS FOR MANAGEMENT IN SPORTS GAMES

Introduction. The efficiency of work, motivation, general atmosphere and building of professional relationships depend on the coach's management style in a sports team, which determines the complexity and versatility of the coaching process and depends on many psychological aspects. The combination of these components of coaching activity, complicated by the change of generations, modern features of perception and processing of information, individualization in team sports games, the existing need to correct the attitude to the communication "coach-athlete" through the general increase of self-esteem in society, sets up an understanding of the need to optimize the training and competitive process by finding ways to specify the style of coach management in sports games. Purpose: to identify, generalize and substantiate scientific approaches to the creation of a coaching management style for teams in sports games. Material and methods: analysis and generalization of data from scientific and methodical literature sources and informative data from the Internet, theoretical modeling. Results. The scientific approaches of psychologists and specialists in the field of physical culture and sports, who deal with the formation of the coach’s management style in sports games, are characterized and analyzed based on the available scientific and methodological material. The specific influencing factors are generalized and the algorithm for forming a team management style in sports games is substantiated, which determines modern approaches to the creation of a coaching style. Conclusions. Scientific approaches to the formation of the coach’s management style in sports games have undergone significant changes due to the peculiarities of the modern society development and the requirements of tolerant communication in the interaction "coach-athlete". We state that the analysis of the existing management styles requires qualitative clarification and description of the features that specify the individual style of coaching in the process of team management in sports games.

Psychological Femininity and Masculinity and Motivation in Team Sports

It is hypothesized that levels of femininity and masculinity may be relevant to specific types of engagement in action. For this reason, the aim of this study was to search for relationships between psychological dimensions of femininity and masculinity and different forms of motivation, as well as their specific parts, among women and male athletes practicing team sports games. We researched 49 women aged 19 to 32 years representing sports such as football, handball, hockey, volleyball, and basketball and 56 men aged 18 to 31 years practicing football, hockey, volleyball, basketball, and handball. The respondents completed the Inventory to Assess Psychological Gender (IPP) and the Polish adaptation of the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS). It was determined that the psychological dimension of femininity was (in the male group) positively related to the dimension of amotivation, i.e., the lack of perception of a relationship between one's action and the outcome. In turn, the psychological dimension of masculinity was positively related to the motivation to know, motivation to accomplish, and motivation to experience stimulation, as well as the overall level of intrinsic motivation and the overall dimension of extrinsic motivation. Furthermore, the masculinity dimension is, in male athletes, related to the level of the introjection motive, i.e., the process of integrating accepted patterns.

Technology of Formation of Psychological Climate in Team Sports Games (on the Material of Volleyball)

Purpose of the work – scientifically substantiate the technology of forming the optimal psychological climate in volleyball to increase the effectiveness of competitive activities of athletes. Material and methods. The experimental studies involved 25 qualified volleyball players - 13 athletes of VC “Orbita‑ZNU-RCYSS” (Zaporizhzhya), main group, and 12 athletes of VC “Polissya-SНSM-ZhDU (Zhytomyr), control group. Analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature and the Internet; method “Diagnosis of personality for motivation to succeed” (by T. Ehlers); method “Assessment of moral and psychological climate in the team” (according to L. Lutoshkin); method “Assessment of the psychological atmosphere in the team” (according to L. Zhedunova). Analysis and evaluation of competitive performance indicators. Pedagogical experiment. Statistical analysis. Results. The developed technology of optimization of psychological climate in volleyball contains the corresponding terms of application in a macrocycle of preparation: four consecutive developing complexes of psychological means (exercises, games and trainings). The technology of optimization of the psychological climate in the sports team of qualified volleyball players included specially developed psychological and pedagogical tasks, exercises, situational role-playing games. Interpretation and generalization of experimental research indicators allows us to state that the athletes of VC “Orbita-ZNU-RCYSS” (Zaporizhzhya) in 80% of cases have a tendency to correlate the indicators of optimizing the psychological climate and increase the effectiveness of competitive activities. Conclusions. The developed technology of optimization of psychological climate in volleyball contains the corresponding terms of application in a macrocycle of preparation: four consecutive developing complexes of psychological means (exercises, games and trainings). The technology of optimization of the psychological climate in the sports team of qualified volleyball players included specially developed psychological and pedagogical tasks, exercises, situational role-playing games. Interpretation and generalization of experimental research indicators allows us to state that the athletes of VC “Orbita-ZNU-RCYSS” (Zaporizhzhya) in 80% of cases have a tendency to correlate the indicators of optimizing the psychological climate and increase the effectiveness of competitive activities.

ДИНАМІКА РОЗВИТКУ КОМАНДНИХ СПОРТИВНИХ ІГОР ЯК ПІДҐРУНТЯ ФОРМУВАННЯ СУЧАСНОЇ СИСТЕМИ КОНТРОЛЮ У КОМАНДНИХ СПОРТИВНИХ ІГРАХ

Relevance of the research subject. Analysisof current trends in the development of teamsports, features of long-term training ofathletes who specialize in them and the latestresearch in the control system in Olympicsports shows the need for scientificsubstantiation of the control system, whichwould be consistent with the tasks and stagesof long-term training, peculiarities of teamgame. The purpose of the study: to analyzethe dynamics of the development of teamsports games as a groundwork for theformation of a control system in team sportsgames in the process of long-term training.Material and methods: the formation ofcontrol system in team sports games was doneon the basis of generalization of research onsports games, there was a combination ofmodern trends in team sports and the latesttrends in theoretical knowledge about controlin the training of athletes in Olympic sports. Inthe course of the research the followingmethods were used: analysis of special,scientific and methodological literature,analysis of documentary materials,pedagogical observation, system method,generalization and systematization of the data.The results of the study: the article analyzesthe development of team sports games,presents specific features of long-term trainingboth in classical and in the types of team gamesof Olympic, non-Olympic, Deaflympic andParalympic sports, outlines the basis for aunified control system in team sports games inthe process of long-term training.Conclusions: the formation of a controlsystem in team sports games in the process oflong-term training can improve the process ofmanaging the training process and competitiveactivities, taking into account the specifics of team playing and tasks of long-term trainingstage.

Acute effects of resisted and assisted locomotor activation on sprint performance.

Sprinting speed is one of the most significant motor abilities in team sport games and all sprint, hurdling and jumping events in athletics. Over the years numerous methods and devices have been developed to improve sprinting performance. One of the most effective methods of developing sprinting speed includes resisted sprinting with the use of different towing devices, parachutes, uphill running, and now intelligent drag technology. Resisted sprinting can be used for chronic changes in performance or for acute enhancement of running speed through locomotor post-activation. The other method of enhancing sprinting speed includes assisted sprinting in which the objective is to achieve supramaximal speed through high speed treadmill running, downhill sprinting, the use of elastic tubing or different towing mechanisms. The main objectives of this research were to determine the acute effects of resisted and assisted sprint activation on sprinting performance in male and female sprinters. Eleven, international and national level 200–400 m sprinters, 6 female and 5 male, participated in the study. The study protocol had a crossover design, with the activation protocol for both days consisting of either 3 × 30 m resisted sprints or 3 × 40 m assisted sprints. At baseline, and following the activation protocol, all athletes performed a 50 m maximum sprint, measured electronically with photocells from a crouched start. During particular trials, the SPRINT 1080 engine assisted measuring system was used with the load set individually to 10% BM. During the resisted and assisted PAP intervention the results of intragroup ANOVA revealed significant differences between resisted baseline results and resisted post activation results in the 10 m and 50 m test trials in men (respectively p = 0.002, η2 = 0.25; p = 0.001, η2 = 0.45), as well as in the group of female sprinters at these distances (10 m and 50 m) (respectively p = 0.002, η2 = 0.20; p = 0.001, η2 = 0.29). There were no statistically significant improvements in the 10 and 50 m test trials following assisted activation for both female and male sprinters. It was concluded that resisted sprint activation with a load of 10% BM enhances sprinting speed over 50 m in elite male and female sprinters.

FORMATION OF PRIMARY EDUCATION LEARNERS’ EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE LESSONS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION BRANCH DURING GAME AND COMPETITIVE ACTIVITIES

The article reveals the relevance of the competitive nature of physical education and stressful conditions, which are undoubted catalysts of various emotions that can affect sports performance, and each sport has special physical and technical characteristics that require special skills. The sensitivity and receptivity of primary education learners to this kind of emotional stimuli contribute to the development of emotional intelligence. Since «its main structural elements begin to develop in primary school age and do not disappear, but are improved during schooling, therefore, by the time of graduation, a young person has the opportunity to achieve such a level of development, including the development of emotional intelligence, that in adult life he can successfully to continue learning, to organize positive communication with new people in new social conditions, to engage in social relations during practical activities» (Zarytska, 2011). A large amount of research has highlighted the importance of emotional intelligence for prediction in all areas of life. Therefore, it is not surprising that interest in emotional intelligence in physical education lessons has also grown significantly. The article analyzes the influence of physical education classes on the development of primary education learners’ emotional intelligence, its features for this age category. Theoretical methods were used to write this article: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction. A significant relationship between primary education learners’ physical activity and various components of emotional intelligence was found. Age and gender are key moderators of this relationship: by gender, girls have higher emotional intelligence than boys. The analysis of indicators of their emotional intelligence showed certain differences in the level of children’s emotional intelligence during individual and team sports and sports games. A teacher who is able to regulate his own emotions perceives the motivations of his pupils, and this understanding affects their results. The analysis of scientific works generally proved the importance of emotional intelligence for achieving success and high results in physical education lessons during game and competitive activities by junior pupils and teachers, but taking into account the heterogeneity of research results, there is a need for further scientific research on this problem. At the same time, it is necessary to improve the methodology of these studies taking into account the specifics of various types of physical activity.

The Legal Implications of Korean Sports Violence

Korean national laws may have limited application in the sports sector. Sports rules that restrain government intervention have allowed organizations to exercise power as autonomous and private sectors at the global level (Kim, 2011). Despite these constraints, certain issues, including criminal problems, economic interests, and bodily integrity in sports, sometimes call for intervention from judicial powers (Park, 2016). As it is impossible to completely avoid physical contact in team sports games, acts of violence that have high chances of harming others naturally take place during games and competitive events. Thus, this paper seeks to define whether violence in sports is subject to criminal prosecution. After a descriptive exploration of pre-existing studies through a systematic literature review, qualitative research was conducted to examine the precedents in accordance with legal transition and flow. Legal concepts in Korea were first established, and key points of previous works and studies were examined thoroughly (Sohn, 2011). It is critical to judge the intentionality of such actions for a legal interpretation to see whether they can be deemed offensive (Sohn, 2011). As the concept of violence is defined as a physical assault on bodies, illegally exercised physical coercion, and invasion of other people’s bodies, thus validating such action as a crime, the benefit and protection of law to be honored in such incidents are bodily integrity and its physiological functions (Oh, 2019). In order to decide criminality under penal law, each case consists of the “component validity-illegality-obligation” (Yeon et al., 2018).

Team Sports for Game AI Benchmarking Revisited

Sport games are among the oldest and best established genres of computer games. Sport-inspired environments, such as RoboCup, have been used for AI benchmarking for years. We argue that, in spite of the rise of increasingly more sophisticated game genres, team sport games will remain an important testbed for AI benchmarking due to two primary factors. First, there are several genre-specific challenges for AI systems that are neither present nor emphasized in other types of games, such as team AI and frequent replanning. Second, there are unmistakable nonskill-related goals of AI systems, contributing to player enjoyment, that are most easily observed and addressed within a context of a team sport, such as showing creative and emotional traits. We analyze these factors in detail and outline promising directions for future research for game AI benchmarking, within a team sport context.

Elements of the hierarchical structure of knowledge about control in team sports games from the standpoint of a systems approach

Due to the rapid development of sports theory, current trends in team sports and features of long-term training of athletes, building a hierarchical structure of knowledge about control in team sports in the process of long-term improvement from the standpoint of a systematic approach is an important area of research.
 The article is devoted to the substantiation of the hierarchical structure of knowledge about control in team sports games from the standpoint of a systematic approach. The aim of the study -. on the basis of generalization of theoretical data, best practices and own experimental research to formulate the main provisions that form the basis of knowledge about the control system.
 The main provisions of the formation of the system of knowledge about control in the process of long-term training in team sports games are presented, the specific features of control of the team as a whole, groups of players and individual players are indicated. The article identifies the following elements of a hierarchical system of knowledge about control: as the connection of control with the stages of long-term training; connection of control with stages of long-term preparation; control of readiness and control of competitive activity.
 Together, they individually allow us to consider the control system as a complex, dynamic structure, the existence of which is due to the influence of a number of factors.

Physical therapy of athletes with diaphysis shin bone fractures after intramedullary osteosynthesis (based on team sports games)

The aim of the work was to evaluate the effectiveness of a physical therapy program for athletes specializing in team sports games with diaphysis fractures of the shin after intramedullary osteosynthesis.Materials and methods. Experimental studies were conducted with athletes in game sports (n = 58) with diaphyseal fractures of the tibia, who were treated in the Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics of the Clinical Hospital № 7, Kyiv, SI “Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics NAMS of Ukraine”, sports clinic injuries of NUFVSU during 2014–2019. Methods of analysis and generalization of literature sources were used; method of anthropometric measurements to determine the comprehensiveness of a healthy and injured limb; goniometry method for measuring the available range of motion in the knee joint of a healthy and injured limb; myotonometry method to determine the tone of the quadriceps femoris; testing to calculate the symmetry index of the lower extremities (LSI ‒ Lower Extremity Symmetry Index); methods of mathematical statistics.Results. The developed complex program of physical therapy is a cycle of restorative measures that meet the achievement of previous functionality, meets the requirements for the level of motor skills, general and special physical performance of athletes, and meets their personal ideas about the quality of life. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the physical therapy program allows us to state that in BG the normative values were reached by 25 out of 29 athletes (86.21 %), in CG ‒ 19 athletes out of 29 (65.52 %), which indicates the high efficiency of the proposed physical therapy program.Conclusions. In the process of forming physical therapy programs for patients ‒ athletes with diaphysis fractures of the tibia after intramedullary osteosynthesis, therapeutic exercises should be grouped depending on the specific objectives of rehabilitation measures and their predominant focus: to restore motor function; to restore general physical fitness; to restore special physical fitness; to restore basic motor skills and abilities; to restore special motor skills and abilities in accordance with the specifics of training and competitive activities in sports games.

PEDAGOGIA DO ESPORTE E EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA: A CONVERGÊNCIA NA BUSCA DA AUTONOMIA EM RELAÇÃO AOS SIGNIFICADOS CULTURAIS DO ESPORTE

Este artigo destaca uma bifurcação no movimento renovador da Educação Física: a corrente mais conhecida questiona a abordagem tradicional no ensino dos esportes quanto à função social da Educação/EF e a reprodução social. Mas é a corrente ancorada nas teorias da aprendizagem (construtivista e desenvolvimentista) que alcança desdobramentos importantes ao incrementar as possibilidades dos métodos de ensino dos Jogos Esportivos Coletivos (JECs), alegando a insuficiência do ensino centrado na técnica, descolado da essência tática desses jogos. Nesse sentido, salienta a convergência dessas duas correntes: a busca da autonomia do sujeito quanto a sua própria prática esportiva. Mostra que o avanço na questão da reprodução social só pode ser dado pelos conceitos que transformaram os modelos de ensino dos JECs. Conclui que a solução se basearia nos modelos de ensino que possibilitaram retomar o sentido dos jogos mostrando o entrelaçamento dos JECs na trama social, permitindo equivaler diversas formas de movimento.