Magnetic Tape Research Articles

Acceptability and feasibility of video-based health education for maternal and infant health in Dirashe District, South Ethiopia: A qualitative study.

Evidence about innovative methods to facilitate nutrition education counseling and promote the intended behavior change at scale is limited. We assessed the acceptability and feasibility of a video-based health education intervention aiming to promote community care for pregnant women, mothers, and infants in the Dirashe District, Ethiopia. Using a phenomenological study design, the experiences of study participants in a trial testing the effectiveness of video-based health education on birth outcomes and nutritional status of mothers and their infants six months postpartum were assessed. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) were used to collect the data. The study was conducted in the Dirashe District, South Ethiopia. Five FGDs and 41 KII were conducted among video implementers, mothers, nurses, and health extension workers (HEWs) in eight intervention villages. All data were collected with a tape recorder. The tape-recorded data were transcribed and then translated into English. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. The videos delivered messages about nine themes on health, nutrition, and hygiene related to mothers and infants. Overall, the video-based health education interventions was acceptable and feasible. Messages delivered were found to be clear, easily understandable, culturally acceptable, and relevant to the needs of the mothers. Feasibility was affected by the nature of the work, lack of help, and overlapping duties of the HEWs. The video-based health education intervention was acceptable and feasible. It was suggested that determining a common location/venue to show the videos, involving husbands, and involving HEWs could improve the intervention. Trial registration: The effectiveness "parent" study was registered as a clinical trial with the U.S. National Institute of Health (www.ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT04414527). The qualitative study included recipients from the same cohort (participating mothers from the intervention group), in addition to video implementers, health extension workers the Health Development Army, and nurses from the intervention communities.

High-frequency Noise Removal of Vintage Songs in Audio Cassettes using Signal Processing Techniques


 From 1960 to the early 2000s, the audio cassette was one of the three most used storage devices for prerecorded music, alongside gramophone records (LPs) and compact discs (CDs). A compact cassette consists of two miniature spools, between which a magnetic tape is passed and wound. The tape head in tape recorders and cassette players is used to store and play audio tracks in these magnetic tapes by converting the electric signal to a magnetic fluctuation and vice versa. The sound quality of an audio track recorded on a compact cassette is decent. However, as these cassettes are stored in the Earth’s magnetic field for longer periods, the effect from it influences magnetic particles to change their orientation and distort the recorded audio signal. As a result, high-frequency noise is generated in the audio signal, resulting in a great disturbance when listening to songs and other audio recordings on vintage cassettes.
 168Therefore, the removal of such noises while minimizing the impact on the original audio signal will make sure the listener gets to enjoy the original quality of the vintage audio recordings. Fourier transform of a given distorted audio file (in “wav” format) was obtained to identify the high-frequency noise using Wolfram Mathematica 12.3. Then a variable “m” was introduced to the program to identify magnitudes of high-frequency components and remove their effect on the original audio recording. A trial-and-error approach was taken to identify the adequate “m" value for each channel of a given audio signal. Vintage songs were used to evaluate the accuracy of the developed method in this study. It was identified that the suitable “m” value changes for each channel in each song. Therefore, it is impossible to state a constant value for the variable “m”. However, the accuracy of the output also depends on the hearing frequency of the person, and the audio equipment being used. As an application, this technique can be used to conserve vintage songs that were originally stored in compact cassettes and spools, because it allows the user to control the number of high-frequency components removed from the distorted audio signal.
 Keywords: Signal Processing Techniques, Fourier Transforms, Mathematica, Noise Removing,Audio Cassettes

Knowledge and Practice of Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness among Healthcare Providers in Kaduna North Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria: A Qualitative Study

Background: Birth preparedness and complication readiness (BP&CR) are strategies to reduce the three levels of delays contributing to high maternal mortality and morbidity in developing countries. Knowledge of BP and CR among healthcare providers, especially in Primary Health Care (PHC), is poor, and counselling on BP and CR during antenatal care visits is not routinely done in most healthcare facilities in Northern Nigeria. It is, therefore, imperative to assess the current in-depth knowledge and practice gap regarding BP and CR among health workers in PHCs. Aim: To assess Healthcare providers` knowledge and practice of focused antenatal care in PHC centres in Kaduna North Local Government (KNLG) Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using in-depth interviews. The participants were the officers-in-charge (the heads) of health facilities purposively selected from the four selected PHCs in the state. The data were collected with a tape recorder and note-taking from May to June 2017. The data resulting from the IDI were transcribed verbatim and subjected to using content analysis. Results: Two themes [poor knowledge of FANC and poor practice of BP and CR] emerged from the interviews. Conclusions: This study revealed poor knowledge, awareness and practice of BP and CR among healthcare providers. Therefore, healthcare providers should be trained and retrained on FANC and the concept of BP and CR for sustained improvement in maternal survival.

Acupuncture and Static Multipolar Magnets: An Emerging Attraction?

Magnetism has been known for >4,000 years. Recently static multipolar magnets have demonstrated analgesic clinical usefulness. Local application of magnets may be beneficial in reducing musculoskeletal pain, particularly when other modalities have failed. A recent series of clinical cases demonstrates how multipolar magnets may be incorporated as an effective adjunctive treatment in an acupuncture clinic. PubMed database was searched using the key words: magnets, medical magnets, magnets and pain management, therapeutic magnets, multipolar magnets, and history of magnet therapy. In addition, clinical cases were submitted by 4 different medical acupuncturists as examples of how the use of multipolar magnets is incorporated into an acupuncture clinic. Over the past 20 years, 143 articles fulfilled the search criteria and unfortunately demonstrated considerable variability in research methodology. Magnetic tapes, needles, and beads of various magnetic strengths constituted the stimulating apparatus with durations ranging from minutes to years. This article highlights 10 cases, 9 of which reflected situations in which the use of 1 or more multipolar magnets provided an enhanced analgesic effect, often when traditional acupuncture had either failed to produce a satisfactory response or when the application of acupuncture needles needed to be limited. Despite the variability of the literature review, it appears that magnetism is related to pain reduction, and when properly employed, it can be an effective and safe modality as demonstrated by a recent series of cases submitted from the practices of 4 different medical acupuncturists. A clinical trial incorporating the latest technology of multipolar magnets with steep field gradients should be initiated for the more formal investigation of magnet-induced analgesia.

The Effect of Music Therapy on Improving Sleep Quality in Children During Hospitalization: Literature Review

Hospitalization is a crisis situation that occurs in children when they are treated at the hospital, one of the conditions experienced by children when they are sick is the reduced need for sleep. The quality of sleep in children is very necessary when sick to boost the immune system in a child's body so that it will help in the healing process of an illness that is experienced. To explore and look for the effect of music therapy on improving the quality of sleep in children during hospitalization. This study used the literature review method with article searches conducted on the Pubmed, Science Direct and Google Scholar electronic databases. There were 1,891 articles on PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar, but only 10 articles met all inclusion criteria and were reviewed. There is an effect of music therapy on improving sleep quality in children during hospitalization. it can be concluded that one of the non-pharmacological therapy programs in improving the quality of sleep in children while being treated at the hospital is using music therapy. This is evidenced by the results of several studies, namely the average quality of sleep in children who underwent hospitalization in the group before and after the administration of music therapy experienced an increase in the quality of children's sleep. Giving music therapy can be given through a tape recorder, MP3 which is usually given at a certain time. Music is received by the hearing organs which are then channeled to the center of the brain called the limbic system which regulates emotions in humans.

Comprehensive emergency management of obstetric and newborn care program implementation at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021: an evaluation study

BackgroundMaternal healthcare service is the care given for the woman during her gestation, delivery and postpartum period. The Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) was remains high and a public health problem in Ethiopia. Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries account two-thirds of the global total maternal deaths. To curb such high burden related with child births, comprehensive emergency obstetric care is designed as one of the strategies for maternal healthcare services. However, its implementation status was not well investigated. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of comprehensive emergency obstetric and new born care program in terms of Availability, compliance and acceptability dimensions at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.MethodsA single case study design was employed from 01 to 30 April 2021. A total of 265 mothers who gave birth at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (UoGCSH) during the data collection period for acceptability, 13 key informant interviews (KIIs), 49 non-participatory observations (25 observations during C/S performance and 24 assisted spontaneous vaginal deliver) and 320 retrospective document review were conducted. Availability, compliance and acceptability dimensions were evaluated using 32 indicators. Binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with acceptability of the services. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and p-value < 0.05 were also used to identify associated variables with acceptability. The qualitative data were recorded using tape recorder, transcribed in Amharic and translated to English language. Thematic analysis was done to supplement the quantitative findings.ResultsThe overall implementation of comprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn care (CEmONC) was 81.6%. Moreover, acceptability, availability and care provider’s compliance with the guideline accounted 81, 88.9 and 74.8%, respectively. There were stocked-out of some essential drugs, such as methyldopa, nifidipine, gentamycin and vitamin K injection. CEmONC training gaps, inadequate number of autoclaves, shortage of water supply and long-distance delivery ward to laboratory unit were also the barriers for the CEmONC service. Short waiting time of clients (AOR = 2.40; 95%CI: 1.16, 4.90) and maternal educational level (AOR = 5.50, 95%CI: 1.95, 15.60) were positively associated with acceptability of CEmONC services.ConclusionThe implementation status of CEmONC program was good as per our judgment parameter. Compliance of healthcare providers with the guideline was fair and needed improvement. Essential emergency drugs, equipment and supplies were stocked-out. The University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital was therefore had better to give great emphasis to expand maternity rooms/ units. The hospital had better to avail the resources and provide continuous capacity building for healthcare providers to enhance the program implementation.

Analysis of the Use of Learning Media in Early Childhood Education

The purpose of this study is to describe the use of instructional media in early childhood education. Learning media is considered very important in helping the learning process. This research was conducted using a descriptive research method using a qualitative research approach. The research techniques used are interviews, observation, and documentation studies. The research subjects were teachers at Perwari Kindergarten, Tasikmalaya City. The results of this study are the types of media used by the teacher, including textbooks, blackboards, pictures, swings, blocks, seesaws, catwalks, and tape recorders. The use of media in the classroom includes textbooks, blackboards, blocks, and pictures. And the use of learning media outside the classroom includes skyboards, swings, seesaws, and tape recorders. The learning media used can increase children's motivation to participate in learning.

Coupled 2-D FEM and 1-D Micromagnetic Model for Transverse Anisotropy Tape-Wound Magnetic Cores

We present a new approach for modeling high-frequency losses in transverse anisotropy magnetic tapes by solving a 1-D eddy-current problem coupled to a micromagnetic constitutive law. Contrary to earlier models, the model is derived using a magnetic flux-density conforming formulation. The model allows coupling the tape-level magnetization process to a 2-D finite element model for analyzing larger cores by homogenizing the tape layers. The developed model predicts the high-frequency losses in a good agreement with previously presented measured results and models, demonstrating potential for increased accuracy in the calculation of losses in tape-wound cores.

COVID-19 Tanısı Alan Yenidoğanların Bakım Süreci ve Annelerinin Deneyimleri: Fenomenolojik Bir Çalışma

Objective: This study was conducted to determine care process of newborns diagnosed with COVID-19 and experiences of their mothers diagnosed with COVID-19. &#x0D; Methods: This phenomenological study was conducted with qualitative design in the III-level neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital. A semi-structured interview form was used during the interview. The interview was recorded on a tape recorder. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. &#x0D; Results: Appropriate nursing interventions were applied according to the symptoms of the newborns. Three main themes were determined as “Emotions and thoughts about her newborn and her loved ones”, “Thoughts about the health sector” and “Thoughts about the future”. &#x0D; Conclusion: The mothers had negative emotions and thoughts such as trauma, fear of loss, sadness, helplessness, longing, social isolation, stigma and positive emotions and thoughts such as attachment, social support and value. The mothers had positive thoughts about the health sector such as value, satisfaction and trust. The mothers had negative thoughts about the future such as worry and social isolation and positive thoughts such as hope.

SCHOOL LIBRARY SERVICES AT UPT SMA NEGERI 5 ENREKANG DURING THE PANDEMIC PERIOD

The purpose of this study was to determine library services in this case circulation services, reference services, on-site reading services and ICT-based services as well as supporting and inhibiting factors in school library services. This research approach is qualitative with a type of description. Data collection techniques were carried out by interview, observation and documentations. Data analysis techniques using data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. Checking the validity of the data is done by trianggulation technique. The reserch results showed that : 1) the circulation service has a collection of 19,839 books, but does not yet have a non-book collection such as tape recorders, sound slides, video cassettes, sound films and many more. The system used in this library is an open service system. 2) The reference service has 587 collections consisting of dictionaries, encyclopedias, maps and others. In this service, users can obtain information and assistance regarding the existence of the collection needed. 3) on-site reading services, in this service the library provides 6 reading tebles placed in several corners of the room so that students get good lighting and air circulation. Howefer, this service is currently unvailable because students rarely use it. 4) ICT-based services, in the SMA Negeri 5 Enrekang library this service is not yet available because officers are still in the stage of entering library materials into the library application. While the supporting factors for library services are the personnel or the staff themselves, staff commitment and adequate books. While the inhibiting factors are the library collections which are still in hard copy form, lack of student interest and limited staff/librarians.

Reducing heat generation in a boost inductor using a magnetic tape

Increasing the switching frequency of direct current–direct current converters is effective in reducing the size of magnetic components used in converters. However, as the switching frequency increases, the loss and heat generated by the magnetic components increase. Therefore, in this study, a magnetic tape that bypasses the magnetic flux in the windings of magnetic components is proposed to reduce the loss and heat generation of these components. The effect of suppressing the temperature rise of magnetic components with a magnetic tape during the converter drive was investigated. The temperature rise of a 1-MHz 100-V/200-V 800-W boost inductor was reduced by 16.8 K by applying the magnetic tape. Additionally, applying the magnetic tape to the inductor reduced the heat generation.

Bibliometric analysis of holographic data storage literature

Objectives. Snapshots of data can be stored in a holographic medium at varying depths. Data can be written via a spiral data channel in spinning holographic media in the form of circular disks like CDs or DVDs. This data is then read by shining a reference beam through the refraction following writing. However, holographic storage is distinct from CD/DVD media in the sense that information is encoded in all three dimensions. Two-dimensional data is written using a single laser beam that spirals around the material. Prototype holographic storage solutions use minuscule cones formed by individual snapshots or pages to store one million pixels. As compared with magnetic disks and tapes, which have a finite lifespan of 50 years at most, the longevity and dependability of optical media storage is advantageous for long-term archiving. Holographic technology allows for the portability of data-intensive media such as broadcast or high-definition video. However, the shelf life of holographic media remains low due to its sensitivity to light. The primary goals of most storage devices are more storage space and faster data transport. Holographic storage devices have the potential to outperform traditional optical storage devices both in terms of capacity and performance. The present paper aims to evaluate the current international research trends in Holographic Data Storage (HDS) and produce a graphical mapping of co-authorship and countries.Methods. The major outputs of the dataset were authors, document type, publication, institution, nation, and citations. After exporting 1052 data sources, HistCite software was used to analyze the citations; visualization mapping was carried out using VOSviewer software and R programming language for the analysis of the authorcountry-title association on Holographic Storage Devices.Results. The most prominent authors, papers, journals, organizations, and nations in the field of HDS were identified in HistCite. Then, four clusters were investigated using VOSviewer based on author keywords, citation collaboration networks among different organizations, countries, and the HDS co-authorship network.Conclusions. During the study period from 2000–2020 (21 years), 4636 authors contributed to 1052 publications. The highest number of publications was in 2009, with a linear adjustment of R2 = 0.0136. The most prolific author, Lee J., published 3.14% of the articles on this subject. In terms of country distribution, Japan took first-place ranking, claiming 16.54% of the total number of articles. The “holographic” keyword was used in 62.55% of the articles.

Mick Moloney (1944–2022)

Mick Moloney (1944–2022)

A Pragmatic Analysis of Cultural Influence on Politeness Markers in the Yoruba Context

Culture plays a significant role in language use. It is a parameter for measuring communicative competence of a language user. Thus, the use of language is the function of the culture that owns the language. This study is predicated on Grice’s (1975) conversational implicature theory. Data was got from recorded conversations in different natural settings in Ondo West Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria. The focus of the study is on politeness markers in “leader-follower”, “husband-wife”, “father-son”, “buyer-seller”, “friend-friend” and “elder brother-younger brother” conversations. Ten tape recordings were made out of which, seven were used for analysis. The pragmatic analysis of cultural influence on politeness has revealed the influence of culture on politeness markers in the Yoruba context. The study has also revealed the persuasive approach employed by the interlocutors to maintain and sustain conversation. It has been discovered that culture has conditioned the husband to assert while the wife is culture-bound to obey the assertion of her husband. This paper, therefore, recommends that language users should be exposed to the culture of the language being used as it will broaden their knowledge on how to sustain and maintain face saving act in a conversation. The knowledge of culture will definitely enhance the communicative competence of language users.

‘Pregnancy no bi disease’: Contextual beliefs in antenatal classes in selected Nigerian hospitals

This paper examines how language is used to show shared beliefs between caregivers and pregnant women in antenatal classes in the Nigerian context, which hitherto suffers neglect. The data consist of tape recordings and observational notes taken during antenatal classes in selected hospitals in Lokoja, Nigeria. The study adopted a top-down analytic approach using Odebunmi’s model of contextual beliefs, supported by van Dijk’s epistemic context model, and Fetzer and Fischer’s lexical markers model. The analysis shows three categories of shared knowledge: a. state of pregnancy and postnatal care b. sexual relationships and spice lexemes c. traditional child care and superstitions. Shared knowledge of the state of pregnancy and postnatal care manifests in pregnancy misconceptions, nutrition during pregnancy and postnatal care orientations highlighted by lexical markers such as recoverable knowledge connector and joint attention builder. Shared knowledge of sexual relations and spice lexemes reflect sexual communication and native spices using metaphorization and proximal deictic lexical markers. Grandmothers’ involvement and insistence on using traditional methods and superstitions frame shared knowledge of traditional child care and superstitions through belief affirmative and self-reformulation markers. Analysis of the shared beliefs shows how caregivers represent pregnant women’s mental knowledge in interactions as well as how pregnant women interject beliefs for clarification and validity. This way, both participants demonstrate how contextual beliefs facilitate communicative processes and meaningful understanding in their interactions.

Long-Term Performance of Magnetic Force Microscopy Tips Grown by Focused Electron Beam Induced Deposition

High-resolution micro- and nanostructures can be grown using Focused Electron Beam Induced Deposition (FEBID), a direct-write, resist-free nanolithography technology which allows additive patterning, typically with sub-100 nm lateral resolution, and down to 10 nm in optimal conditions. This technique has been used to grow magnetic tips for use in Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM). Due to their high aspect ratio and good magnetic behavior, these FEBID magnetic tips provide several advantages over commercial magnetic tips when used for simultaneous topographical and magnetic measurements. Here, we report a study of the durability of these excellent candidates for high-resolution MFM measurements. A batch of FEBID-grown magnetic tips was subjected to a systematic analysis of MFM magnetic contrast for 30 weeks, using magnetic storage tape as a test specimen. Our results indicate that these FEBID magnetic tips operate effectively over a long period of time. The magnetic signal was well preserved, with a maximum reduction of 60% after 21 weeks of recurrent use. No significant contrast degradation was observed after 30 weeks in storage.

Exploring barriers of childhood full vaccination among children living in Siraro District, West Arsi Zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia: A qualitative study.

Childhood immunization is one of the most effective global public health interventions to reduce childhood morbidity and mortality. However, some children remain not fully vaccinated in developing countries due to defaulting from full vaccination, which can put them at risk of acquiring vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks. The barriers to full vaccination were well explored in Ethiopia using a qualitative approach. The study aimed to explore barriers to full childhood vaccination in Siraro District, West Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. A qualitative study was conducted in Siraro District through 15 key informant health workers interviews and 6 in-depth interviews with children's mothers from April 20 to May 15, 2022. Data were collected by semi-structured questionnaires and captured using audio tape recorders and field note-taking. A heterogeneous purposive sampling technique was used to select representative study participants. Data transcription and translation were done according to the respondents' verbatim from the local language to English. Data coding and key categories were identified and analyzed using thematic analysis. Finally, data were presented in narrative forms using respondents' own words as an illustration. Twenty-one study participants were interviewed and included in this study. Of the explored barriers to full childhood vaccination, the evidence from the respondents was integrated from subcategories and presented as a whole within each thematic area. Five thematic areas emerged from interviews of the participants through thematic analysis of the data. The identified barriers were forgetting the next vaccination schedule, migration of parents, work overload, lack of knowledge and awareness, rumors, and misinformation. Additionally, vaccination service delivery-related barriers such as vaccine vials not being opened for a few children, fear of vaccine side effects, closed health posts during visits by mothers for vaccination, and absence of health extension workers at health posts were the key barriers to full childhood vaccination. Forgetting vaccination schedule, migration of parents, work overload, rumors, and misinformation, fear of vaccine side effects, vaccine vial not opened for few children, closed health posts during visiting by mothers, absence of health extension workers from health posts were the key barriers to the full vaccination status of children. Thus, the district health office should work on barriers to full vaccination by strengthening vaccination service delivery and improving vaccination awareness through a health extension program.

2013 Curriculum: Implementation of Islamic Religious Education Learning in Schools for Children with Special Needs

The 2013 curriculum is the latest guideline for implementing education in Indonesia. Its application applies to public schools and special schools. This study aims to determine how to implement the 2013 curriculum in learning Islamic religious education for children with special needs (ABK) at SLB Negeri 01 Jakarta. This study uses qualitative research with a descriptive approach to data collection techniques with interviews, observation, and documentation. Data were collected based on field notes, comments, and documentation. The results of the study concluded that the implementation of the 2013 Curriculum for Children with Special Needs (ABK) at SLB Negeri 01 Jakarta uses the same PAI curriculum as the curriculum in traditional schools, and the scope of Islamic Religious Education materials taught is no different from other schools including; al-Qur'an hadith, faith, morals, fiqh and the history of Islamic culture. The learning methods for Islamic Religious Education in special schools are lectures, practices, questions and answers, demonstrations, and exercises. The learning media used include audio-visual media, tape recorders, films, radio, television, digital al-Qur'an, and braille Qur'an are also puzzles. Learning Evaluation consists of three domains cognitive, affective, and psychomotor.

Performance Evaluation of Burst Error Correction by LDPC Coding and Iterative Decoding System in Magnetic Tape Drive

The tolerance for burst error of interleaved low-density parity-check (LDPC) code is evaluated with the cross-interleaved Reed–Solomon code (CIRC) in the magnetic tape drive using a BaFe magnetic tape. We evaluate the interleaved LDPC coding and iterative decoding system with burst error detector (LDPC-BD) system by the required signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to achieve “No errors” for the burst-like deterioration such as media defects to the CIRC with erasure error correction (CIRC-EC) system by computer simulation. The results clarify that the LDPC-BD system tolerates the longer burst errors than the CIRC-EC system and the LDPC-BD system achieves “No errors” with the 3.0–4.5 dB lower SNR than the CIRC-EC system.

Ben-Gurion and American Jewish Students at the Cusp of the Sixties: Between Solidarity and Persuasion

On March 8, 1960, Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion landed in Boston to deliver a major address at Brandeis University. Although the focus of the rest of his U.S. trip was diplomatic, he ended his stay with New York appearances on March 16 at the Reform movement's HUC–JIR, the Conservative-associated JTS, and the Orthodox-affiliated YU. At all four campuses, he encouraged American Jewish students to spend a year of study in Israel, a practice that was uncommon at that time but has since become de rigueur. Yet close examination of archived transcripts, taped recordings of the events, and first-hand accounts reveal significant differences in each presentation. Together with contemporaneous descriptions, personal diary accounts, and in concert with fresh academic understandings of Ben-Gurion articulated in recent years, these provide novel insight into Ben-Gurion's relationship with American Jewry and its various components—especially religious denominations—at this relatively advanced stage in his public career.