T-test Formula Research Articles

PENGARUH METODE TUTOR SEBAYA (PEER TEACHING METHOD) TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN MENULIS PUISI SISWA KELAS IV SDN 1 KAWO TAHUN AJARAN 2021/2022

This research aimd to find the influence of Peer Teaching Method students poetry writing skill at IV grade students of SDN 1 KAWO in academic year 2021/2022. The method used in this research is quasi experiment with research Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Sampling used a saturated sampling technique. The sample of this research is 38 students. In the control class used conventional methods and in the experimental class used Peer Teaching Method. The instrumen used to collect data is the skill of writing poetry by using rubric and observation sheet. the data obtained were tested by using t-test formula that is test Polled Variance at 5% significant level. The results showed that the average value of Pretest experimental class is 61 and the average Pretest grade of control is 55,1. After the action done in both classes, the average of posttest of experiment class obtained is 74,4 and control class is 62,7. Result of t-count of hypotesis test in experiment control class are -0,015, while result of ttable by using interpolation formula is -2,662 Based on the result of hypothesis testing, it is obtained tcount ≥ ttable at a significant level of 5%, then HO is rejected and Ha is accepted. Therefore it can be concluded that the use of peer teaching method influenced the skill of poerty writing at IV grade student of SDN 1 Kawo in academic year 2021/2022.

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar dan Motivasi Belajar Siswa dalam Pembelajaran PAI Melalui Pendekatan Behavior Modification di SDIT VIP Al-Huda Candiwulan

The purpose of this study was to improve student learning outcomes and learning motivation through a behavior modification approach in class IV of SDIT VIP Al-Huda Candiwulan Kebumen, Central Java. This research was carried out using the classroom action research method. This research was conducted in two cycles. Data collection techniques used in this study were tests and observations. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, namely calculating the mean and standard deviation. Furthermore, using the standard formula formula, the data is compiled with a frequency distribution table. Data analysis is by comparing the scores obtained from Cycle I and Cycle II (data on learning outcomes and student motivation). The data analysis was the analysis of variance of the paired-samples t-test formula with the help of SPSS PASW Statistics 18. The results of the study were: (1) the level of student learning outcomes through the behavior modification approach was included in the fairly good category; (2) the level of students' learning motivation through the behavior modification approach is included in the fairly high category; and (3) there is an increase in student learning outcomes and motivation through a behavior modification approach in Class IV SDIT VIP Al-Huda Candiwulan.

The Effect of Multiple-Slot Substitution Drill on Students’ Grammar Mastery at the Eighth Grade Students of SMP Islam Al Akbar Malang

This study aims to investigate the effect of multiple-slot substitution drill on students’ grammar mastery through true experimental research design conducted with an experimental group and a control group. Target population of this study was all the eighth grade students of SMP Islam AL Akbar, Singosari- Malang 2021/2022. The researcher took 46 students as sample of the study, by using saturated sampling, 23 students as experimental group and 23 students as control group. To collect data, she used grammar written post-test with 20 items in multiple-choice format. In analyzing data, she used IBM SPSS statistic versions. 20 application of independent t.test to know the differences between experimental and control groups. After collecting and calculating data, tshe found that mean score and standard deviation of experimental group were 77.39 and 5.41, while mean score of control group was 70.22 and standard deviation was 13.1. In testing hypothesis, she used t-test formula. She found that F value =13.636, Sig (2-tailed)= 0.019 < 0.05, at the level significance of df = 44. So, null hypothesis was rejected and the alternative hypothesis could be accepted. It means that students taught using multiple-slot substitution drill achieve better than students taught without using multiple-slot substitution drill.

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN RESITASI TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA PADA MATERI POKOK BUNYI DI SMA NEGERI PADANGSIDIMPUAN

The aim of this research was to know whether there was a significant influence between resitasi method on student’s achievement in sound subject at twelfth grade student’s of SMA Negeri 6 Padangsidimpuan before and after using resitasi method. The method used is the method of experimental that is to look for the influence certain variable to other variables. The population of this research was all the twelfth grade students of SMA Negeri 6 Padangsidimpuan which include 3 classes or 92 students. By applying stratified sampling techbique, the writer took 92 students as the sample. Instruments used as a data collection tool is observation and tests. Then the research data is processed in two stages where the first stage to the second stage of analysis with descriptive and inferential analysis. Based on the result of this research, resitasi method had the average 91. It was categorized “very good”. While the students achievement in sound subject before given pretest at twelfth grade student’s of SMA Negeri 6 Padangsidimpuan had the average 68. It was categorized “enough”. While posttest on students achievement in sound subject before at twelfth grade student’s of SMA Negeri 6 Padangsidimpuan had the average 82. It was categorized “good”. Result of this research had gotten by using t-test formula had gotten tcount 6.46. If compare by ttable in confident level significant df = N – 2 = 92-2=90. it could be gotten that ttable = 0,228. It could be gotten that ttable= 1.665 It could be seen that tcount was greater ttable (6.46>1,665). The alternative hypothesis was accepted. It maens that there was a significant influence between resitasi method on student’s achievement in sound subject at twelfth grade student’s of SMA Negeri 6 Padangsidimpuan.

The Effect of Learning Styles on Learning Outcomes of 4th Grade Elementary School Students

The main problem in this study is whether student learning styles influence the learning outcomes of fourth-grade students at SD Negeri Nogotirto. This type of research is quantitative or experimental research with a quasi-experimental design. The population in this study were fourth-grade students, and the sample of this study used a saturated sample using the total number of fourth-grade students at SD Negeri Nogotirto. Twenty-five students of class IVA and 25 students of class IVB. The instruments used in this study were a learning style questionnaire, pretest and posttest sheets of student learning outcomes. The results showed that the data analysis used descriptive and inferential analysis. The results showed that the inferential statistical analysis used the Independent sample t-test formula with the help of IBM SPSS Statistics 21 Software. The 2-tailed significance value was 0.043 <0.05, so based on the decision-making provisions, it can be concluded that H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected. It means that there is an influence of learning style on the learning outcomes of fourth-grade students of SD Negeri Nogotirto.

The Effect of Using Picture Series toward Students’ Speaking Skill at the Second Grade in MTSS Nagari Binjai

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of using picture series on students' speaking skill. The researcher had done at MTSS Nagari Binjai. The problems in this research was caused by several factors. Firstly, students paid less attention to the English teacher. Secondly, they were afraid of making mistake to express ideas. In this research a quasi-experimental design was used by the researcher. The researcher used pre-test and post-test to experimental and control class. The sample was 2A as experimental class and taught by using picture series and 2B as control class and taught without using picture series. To determine the sample, the experimental and control class, the researcher utilized SPSS 20 to examine the data and check for normality and homogeneity. The researcher utilized the t-test formula to test the hypothesis and consulted the results in a t-table with level of significance of 0.05. It was found that there was a significant effect of using picture series toward students speaking skill. Then there was a significant difference between students who were taught using picture series and those who were taught without them. The value of t-calculated in the post-test from the experimental and control classes was greater than the t-table (3.4 > 2.021). The last hypothesis was that teaching with picture series was superior than teaching without picture series in terms of improving students' speaking skill. In the post-test, the mean score of the experimental class was greater than the control class (8.10 > 2.54).

The Effect of Hello English Application on Speaking Ability

Technology has received a lot of attention because of its potential to solve learning problems in this modern era. Disinterest and low participation of students in the learning process, encourage teachers to use technology as a medium to increase students' enthusiasm for learning English, especially speaking. This research aims to determine whether Hello English application had a significant impact on speaking ability. Pre-experimental research was employed to conduct this research. The sample of this research consisted of 35 students from class XI MIA 1 at SMAN 3 Padang Sidimpuan. The pretest is used to determine the students' initial speaking ability. The posttest was conducted after the treatment was applied in four meetings utilizing Hello English application as a supporting medium in learning English. The t-test formula was used to analyze the collected data. Based on the findings of this research, the t-count value was 26.727, and the t-table value was 2.032. It denotes the alternative hypothesis (Ha) regarding there is a significant effect of Hello English application on the speaking ability of eleventh-grade students at SMAN 3 Padang Sidimpuan is accepted.

THE EFFECT OF USING ENGLISH SONG IN TIKTOK VIDEO ON STUDENTS’ READING ABILITY OF 2021/2022 NINTH YEAR STUDENTS OF SMP SWASTA KARYA BAKTI SELESAI

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study is to find out whether there was an effect of using English song in TikTok Video on students’ reading ability of 2021/2022 ninth year students of SMP Swasta Karya Bakti Selesai. The design in this study was quasi-experimental design by using post-test non-equivalent control group design. This study was conducted with ninth grade students of SMP Swasta Karya Bakti Selesai as the population of study. The sample was taken by using cluster random sampling, with 40 students as the sample of this study. The researcher used class IX-A which consist of 20 students as the experimental class and IX- B which consist of 20 students as the control class. The researcher used test as the instrument of collecting the data. The data collected from this study were analyzed using t-test formula. The results of this study that was a positive effect of the result students’ reading ability after using English song in TikTok video as media. It can be seen from the data analysis, it was found that value of t-observed (t0) was higher than t-table (tt). The result from calculating the data was t-observation (t0 = 3,48) and t-table (tt =1,686 ), it means, t0 is higher than tt in significant 5%, so the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected, and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. In other words, using English Song in TikTok video had effect on students’ reading ability of 2021/2022 ninth year students of SMP swasta Karya Bakti Selesai. Key Words : English Song, TikTok, Reading Ability

TEACHING HORTATORY EXPOSITION TEXT THROUGH K-W-L (KNOW-WANT-LEARN)

This study was conducted to find out whether K-W-L (Know-Want-Learn) strategy has significant effect in teaching exposition text. The researcher applied experimental design by using pre-test and post-test in the eleventh-grade students of SMK Negeri 1 Tanjung Pura. The researcher used test as the instrument of collecting data and it was analyzed by using t-test formula. The result of this study was a positive effect of the result that applying K-W-L strategy has significant effect in teaching hortatory exposition. It can be seen from the data analysis; it was found that value of class that was taught by applying K-W-L strategy was higher than those not taught by using K-W-L strategy. In order words, using K-W-L (know-want-learn) strategy had effect on students' hortatory exposition text of the eleventh-grade students of SMK Negeri 1 Tanjung Pura. Key Words: Know-Want-Learn, Reading Comprehension, Hortatory Exposition Text

IMPACT OF PROVIDING CONTENT MASTERY SERVICES FOR THE DISCOVERY LEARNING MODEL APPROACH TO IMPROVE STUDENTS' QUESTIONING SKILLS IN THE LEARNING PROCESS IN SCHOOLS

The inability to ask students in the learning process indicates that students do not have good questioning skills. It will hinder students in understanding the subject matter and achievements at school. This study aims to improve students' questioning skills in the learning process by using content mastery services using the discovery learning model. The type of research used is a quantitative experimental approach with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The subjects in this study were 27 people with low questioning skills in the Nurul Haq Semurup Islamic Boarding School students. The data is obtained by spreading a scale of questioning skills developed by researchers who have been tested for validity and reliability. Then the results of the study are processed using the -t-test formula. The results of this study show a significant influence on students' questioning skills before and after being given content mastery services with a discovery learning approach. This means that content mastery services with a discovery learning approach can be used to improve students' questioning skills in the learning process.

The Effect of Scrabble Game To Students’ Vocabulary Mastery at the Eighth Grade Students’ of Mts Daarul Ulum Cihara Lebak

This study aims to determine the effect of the Scrabble game on the vocabulary mastery of class VIII students at Mts Daarul' Ulum Cihara Lebak. This research was conducted at the Daarul'Ulum Cihara school. The population of this study were students of class VIII Mts Darul Ulum Cihara which consisted of two parallel classes. They are class VIII A & VIII B. Each class consists of 25 students. This means that the total population of 50 students is taken as a sample. The data was obtained by giving the text to the students in the experimental and control groups. The data in this study were processed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 25. The data was analyzed using the t-test formula. This analysis showed that t-count (-24.515) and two-sided significant = 0.000 <0.05. Therefore, the researcher concluded that the scramble game had a significant effect on students' mastery of English vocabulary.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TEAMS GAMES TOURNAMENT STRATEGY TO TEACH READING COMPREHENSION IN DESCRIPTIVE TEXT TO THE TENTH-GRADE STUDENTS OF SMK PEMUDA KUTOREJO

Students could enrich their knowledge by reading books or from the other sources, whether in academic or non academic purposes. Reading activity helped to improve the students’ learning in class, especially in English learning. Moreover, besides writing, speaking, and listening, reading had become one of the essential skills. In improving the reading skill, students also had to improve their comprehension through reading some texts. This research was aimed to measure the effectiveness of using Teams Games Tournament strategy to teach reading comprehension in descriptive text to the tenth-grade students of SMK PEMUDA Kutorejo. The method which had applied in this research was quasi-experimental research. There were two classes, experimental and control classes which had been given the post-test. The average score in control class was 62,90 and experiment class was 76,83. After collecting the data, the researcher had to calculate and analyze them by using t-test formula. The result showed the t-value was 7,97, which is greater than t-table 1,67 at 0,05 levels of significance for df is 60. As a conclusion, Teams Games Tournament strategy was effective when it is implemented in reading comprehension through descriptive text in tenth-grade class. It could be an alternative way to teach reading descriptive text for the better strategy which has given by those teacher to find out the students comprehension in their reading skill.

EFFECT OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING TO THE SPEAKING ABILITY OF THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS

The objective of this research is to find the effect of problem-based learning to the speaking ability of the tenth grade students at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Palu. This research employed experimental research of quasi-experimental design. The samples were the students of X Farmasi as the experimental group and the students of X TKJ A as the control group. They were selected using convenience sampling technique. The data were collected through pretest and posttest analyzed by using t-test formula to compare the mean score of the experimental and control groups. The result of the data analysis shows that t-table (1.968) higher than t-value (0.96), so the hypothesis is rejected. It means problem-based learning has no effect significantly to the students speaking ability. That caused by several factors such as situation, teaching implementation, and students participation.

USE OF EVERYONE IS A TEACHER HERE METHOD TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL

The objective of this research is to investigate whether or not the students’ speaking ability can improve through the Everyone is A Teacher Here Method in teaching speaking skill of tenth grade students at SMA Negeri 5 Palu. This research applies quasi experimental design, that used two classes, they are experimental class and control class. The research population was the tenth grade students of SMA Negeri 5 Palu which is consisted of 325 students. The samples were selected by purposive sampling technique and it was 17 students of X Mipa 6a and 16 students of X Mipa 6b. The instruments that was used to collect the data was tests. The tests include pre-test and post-test, with the pre-test mean score 35.29 for experimental class and 35.63 for control class. While post-test mean score is 45.29 for experimental class and 37.50 for control class. The result of the data is analyzed statistically by applying the t-test formula. The result of the data analysis show that the value of t-counted is 2.45. Applying the degree of freedom 31 (Nx + Ny – 2 = 17 + 16 – 2) and 0.05 level of significance the value of t-table is 1.567. The calculation show that the t-test value is higher than the t-table value. It means that the hypothesis of this research is accepted. It affirms that Everyone is A teacher Here Method can improve students’ speaking skill of the tenth grade students at SMA Negeri 5 Palu.

Penggunaan Metode Sosiodrama terhadap Hasil Belajar Tematik Siswa Sekolah Dasar

Abstract: The Use of Sociodrama Methods on Thematic Learning Outcomes of Elementary School Students Penelitian aims to improve social skills by using the sociodrama method in the high class of elementary school students. This research uses a quantitative approach with an experimental method (Quasi Experimental Design). The study population was grade V students of SDN 02 Pangongangan with a total of 47 students. Sampling using random sampling techniques. That is to use VA class students totaling 24 students. Data collection uses pre-test and post-test thematic learning outcomes tests. Data analysis using the Liliefors method. The results of data analysis using the Liliefors method obtained the value of L count on the pre-test = 0.1630 < L table = 0.176 and L count on the post-test = 0.1533 < L table = 0.176 . The results of the homogeneity test analysis using the F test obtained F count = 1.371946 < Ftable = 2.01. In the hypothesis test used with the t-test formula, the results of the t-test analysis are obtained t count = 6.25478 > ttable = 2.074. Since t counts > tthe table then H 0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. This means that the use of the Sociodrama method on the thematic learning outcomes of elementary school students is more effective than conventional learning models. In learning activities, students become concentrated and more active in the entire series of learning activities taking place. When expressing opinions in front of friends, students also become more confident, because students are easier to understand the material. Student thematic learning outcomes also increased, namely 87.57% included in the category of completed learning students.

About Point Strategy And Its Influence Towards Students’ Reading Comprehension

This research aimed to know the influence of about point strategy towards students' reading comprehension. The writer used quantitative method and categorized the research as quasi experimental method. The writer used 2 classes for experiment class and control class. Cluster Random Sampling Technique was used in taking the sample. The experiment class consisted of 32 students and control class consisted of 34 students. In collecting the data, the writer used reading comprehension test. To know the influence, the writer used t-test formula. It was found that rcount (3, 73) > rtable (1, 98) in level 5% and rcount (3, 73) > rtable (2, 65) in level 1%. It can be concluded that there was positive influence of About-Point strategy towards students’ reading comprehension.

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MODEL BLENDED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK KELAS IV DI SDN 031 PELESIRAN BANDUNG

In the learning process, students who are seen as lacking and learning achievement of students are still low is the backgrounds in this study. There must be a process of reciprocal interaction between teachers and students, or students with other students. This study aims to determine the effect use of blended learning models on the learning achievement of fourth-grade students at Elementary School number 031 Pelesiran Bandung. This study used a quantitative approach with a research design that used a quasi-experimental (Quasi Experimental Design). The sample of this study was class IV B, which consisted of 22 students as the experimental class and class IV A, which amounted to 22 students as the control class. This study used the instrument of the initial and the final test in the form of multiple choice questions. The data analysis technique used in this research is a t-test. The post-test value data from the experimental and control classes were then tested for hypotheses using the independent sample t-test formula to determine the effect of the blended learning model on student learning achievement. The results of calculations using the independent sample t-test formula showed that the t-count value is 3,012│> 2,079 t table and has a Sig value of 0.004 (Sig. > 0.05). It can be concluded that there is a significant effect on the post-test scores of students' learning achievement in the experimental and the control classes. The results of calculations using the effect size test show that the final value is 0.991. This means that from the two tests that have been carried out, there is a positive and significant influence on the blended learning model on student learning achievement in theme 9 of the richness of my country, sub-theme 3 preservation of natural resource wealth in Indonesia in class IV at Elementary School number 031 Pelesiran Bandung.

The effectiveness of CTL on the students’ news writing skill

This study examined the impact of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) approach onstudents’ news writing skills. This is a quantitative study that employs experimental methods. Thisstudy’s population consisted of eighth-grade students from SMPN 2 Padangpanjang who were enrolledin the 2020/2021 academic year. VIII B was chosen as the experimental class, and VIII A was chosen asthe control class. The homogeneity test was used to determine the homogeneity of variance in the pop-ulation class. The Barlett test was used to determine the number of samples, which was determined tobe two classes of 64 people. Writing news performance tests was used as a data collection technique.The t-test formula is used to determine the effect as well as test the hypothesis. The results revealedthat the control class students’ average news writing skills were more than adequate, whereas the ex-perimental class students’ news writing skills were perfect. This is because the experimental class hasimplemented CTL, which makes it easier for students to write news using the language’s structure andrules. Based on the study’s findings, it is possible to conclude that the use of CTL has an impact onstudents’ news writing abilities

The Effect of Using Think-Pair-Share in Teaching Present Tense to Second Semester Students of Indonesia Prima University

The objective of this study was to discover the significant effect of using think-pair-share in teaching present tense. The population of this research was the second semester students of Indonesia Prima University, academic year 2020/2020. The sample was 40 students; 20 students in the experimental group and 20 students in the control group. The data was collected by using a test. The instrument consisted of 40 items. The data were analyzed by using T-test formula. The findings indicate that using think-pair-share showed positive effect on the students’ learning achievement. It was proved from the result of the post test for the experimental group (78.5) is higher than the control group (55.25) and the result of t-test (4.42) was higher than the t-table (2.021) and level of significance (0.05) which means that the hypothesis stating that the students’ achievement taught by using think-pair-share was higher than the conventional method in teaching present tense was accepted. The conclusion is the t-observed is higher than t-table (4.42 > 2.021; p = 0.005). It means that students’ learning achievement taught by using think-pair-share is higher than the conventional method. So, English teachers/lecturers are suggested to apply think-pair-share in teaching present tense.

Pengaruh Komunikasi Tatap Muka Terhadap Kesadaran Swadaya Masyarakat

This study aims to determine the implementation of face-to-face communication carried out by the Rural PNPM Mandiri Activity Management Team, awareness of community self-help in the development of facilities and infrastructure, as well as to describe the effect of face-to-face communication by the Rural PNPM Mandiri activity management team on the awareness of community self-help in the development of facilities and infrastructure in rural areas. Dusun Kebon Kerep, Desa Darmareja, Kecamatan Nagrak, Kabupaten Sukabumi. This study uses the associative analysis method with a rating scale measurement and analysis using a continuum line. Meanwhile, to find the relationship between variables, the Pearson product moment correlation formula and the coefficient of determination formula are used. To find out the truth test of the correlation calculation, hypothesis testing is carried out using the t-test formula. The research sample was 148 people from a total population of 2,790 people with a disproportionate stratified random sampling technique. While the object of research is the community of Desa Darmareja which consists of village officials, PNPM actors, and the local community. The results of the study showed that TPK's face-to-face communication was in a fairly good category, with an average score of 3.1. Meanwhile, the awareness of community self-help in the development of facilities and infrastructure is categorized as quite good, with an average score of 3.2. There is an effect of face-to-face communication between the management team of PNPM Mandiri Rural activities on the awareness of community self-help in the development of facilities and infrastructure with a correlation value of 0.5343 (r count) greater than 0.159 (r table). The contribution of the influence of face-to-face communication on the awareness of self-help of the community is obtained by 28.55% while the remaining 71.45% is the influence of other factors. For hypothesis testing with the t-test formula with the calculation results of 9.036, the X variable has a significant effect on the Y variable because 9.036 (t count) is greater than 1.771 (t table), so there is a positive and significant effect of face-to-face communication on self-help awareness of the community. in the construction of facilities and infrastructure in Dusun Kebon Kerep, Desa Darmareja, Kecamatan Nagrak, Kabupaten Sukabumi.