T-test Formula Research Articles

Implementing Word-Coloring Media in Increasing English Vocabulary and Learning Motivation of the Year Five Pupils of SDN 27 Palu

This study aimed to measure the effect of applying word coloring media in increasing English vocabulary and learning motivation of students at SDN 27 Palu. The sample for this quasi-experimental research consisted of students at SDN 27 Palu, including 30 students in the VA class as the experimental class and 30 students in the VB class as the control class. The sample was randomly selected. The instruments used to collect data were objective tests to measure students' knowledge of English vocabulary and a questionnaire statement to measure students' motivation in applying word coloring. The research data used the independent t-test formula by applying the degrees of freedom (df) = 58 (30+30-2) with a significant level of 0.05. The results of the t-table were 2.002. Data analysis indicated that the experimental class's mean scores had increased from 61.00 in the pretest to 78.56 in the posttest. The results of the study indicated that there was an increase in students' English vocabulary after the treatment was applied.

Pengaruh Permainan Gasing Terhadap Kemampuan Lempar Cakram Gaya Menyamping pada Siswa Kelas Xi SMK Sore Pangkalpinang

This research is motivated by the ability to throw discus sideways style of class XI students of SMK Sore Pangkalpinang is still not optimal because the speed of the disc does not reach the specified point, and the top game has never been tried or researched in the process of sideways style discus throwing abilities of class XI students of SMK Sore Pangkalpinang. This study aims to determine whether or not there is an effect of top playing on the ability of sideways style discus throwing in class XI SMK Sore Pangkalpinang. This research is an experimental research with a pre-experimental design method. In this study, the design used was a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample that will be used is class XI students of Multimedia 1 Department, totaling 21 students with the lowest average score in discus throwing learning. The data collection technique in this study used a discus throwing ability test. The data analysis technique in this study used normality test, homogeneity test, and hypothesis testing. Based on the results of the hypothesis test results using the Ttest formula, the tcount results are 13,000, while the ttable with a significance level of 5% is 2,086, meaning the value of tcount ttable, then the hypothesis states that there is a significant effect of top game on the ability to throw discus style sideways in class XI students. Pangkalpinang Afternoon Vocational School".

The PENGARUH MEDIA TIANG GAWANG PARALON TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN SHOOTING PEMBELAJARAN SEPAK BOLA PADA SISWA KELAS VIII DI SMP NEGERI 4 TOBOALI

This research was motivated by the average value of students in football shootings was still below the school's KKM criteria of 67. When carrying out shooting techniques, there were still many students whose movements were still wrong. Hence, the direction of the kick was not on target, and there was no use of appropriate learning media to improve student shooting skills. This study aims to determine the effect of paralon's goalpost media on the shooting ability of football learning in class VIII students at SMP Negeri 4 Toboali.
 This research was experimental research with a pre-experimental design method. In this study, the design used was a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample used in this study were all students of class VIII A, totaling 28 students with an average score of shooting learning outcomes under the KKM criteria of 67. The data collection technique in this study used the football shooting ability test. The data analysis technique in this study used normality, homogeneity, and hypothesis testing.
 Based on the results of statistical tests using the t-test formula between the initial test (pretest) and the final test (posttest), the result was that the t-count value was 11.208, while with a significant level of 0.05, the t-table value was 1.703. It turned out that the value of the t-count was more significant than the value of the t-table (t-count 11.208 > t-table 1.703), so it could be concluded that Ho was rejected, and Ha was accepted. The conclusion is "There is a significant influence of the media of paralon's goalposts on the shooting ability of football learning in class VIII SMP Negeri 4 Toboali".

NEARPOD WEBSITE STRATEGY IN INCREASING STUDENTS' LISTENING ABILITY

The main problem of this study was " is there any significant effect on the students' listening achievement after being taught by using Nearpod and those who are not?. The method used in this study was quantitative or quasi-experimental method. The data collected by using written test and online based test on Nearpod Website. The data were analyzed through matched t-test formula and percentage of analysis to find out the effectiveness of teaching listening through Nearpod and Conventional Method. It was found out that the value of t-obtained was 8.12 where the value of the t-table at 0.05 significant level for two tailed with 18 (df) was 2.100. It means that there was significant difference between the result of pre-test and post-test especially the experimental class. It can be stated that the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. It is indicated that Nearpod Website Strategy could increase students’ listening ability.

MEMRISE APPLICATION AS DIGITAL MEDIA SKILLTO ENRICH STUDENTS’ ENGLISH VOCABULARYAT JUNIOR HIGHSCHOOL IN MEDAN

This study deals with the use of the Memrise application in enrichment students’ English vocabulary. This study is conducted based on a preliminary study which showed that students had difficulty learning English due to their lack of vocabulary. The objective of the study is to find out the significant effect of Memrise application in enriching students’ English vocabulary. The method that is used to conduct the research is quantitative method. The sample of the research is eight grade students at SMP Dharma Pancasila Medan. The instruments to collect the data are pre-test and post-test. The data analysis techniques of this study were (1) normality test (2) homogeneity test (3) hypothesis testing in the form of t-test. Hypothesis testing uses the t-test formula which is preceded by a normality test and a homogeneity test. The results of the t-test shows that there is a significant effect to enrich student English vocabulary at SMP Dharma Pancasila Medan, the value sig (2-tailed) = 0.001 < 0, 05 then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted

THE EFFECT OF USING PICTIONARY GAMES ON STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY MASTERY

This research was conducted since most of the students still had problems in learning English, especially in vocabulary mastery. Most of the students had difficulties mastering vocabulary, lack of practice in English and students were not motivated to study English. Thus, this research aimed at finding out the effect of using Pictionary Game on students’ Vocabulary Mastery in seventh grade in SMPN 2 Bukittinggi. A quasi-experimental design was used in this study. This study employed two classes: experimental and control. The population was drawn from SMPN 2 Bukittinggi seventh-grade students. In this study, the sample was 28 students from the control group and 31 students from the experimental group. To analyze the data collection procedure, a t-test formula was used. According to the results for the experiment class's pre-test and post-test scores, the t-obtained (12,92) was greater than the t-table (2,042) with the degree of freedom (df) 30 and (0,025). The t- obtained in the calculation of the post-test for both classes was (2,011), which was higher than the t-table (1,672) with (df) 57 and =0,05. So, it can be concluded that the entire hypothesis were accepted. It has been indicated that using a Pictionary game can assist students in improving their vocabulary mastery.

THE EFFECT OF THINK-TALK-WRITE STRATEGY ON STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

The purpose of this researchwas to find out how the Think Talk Write (TTW) Strategy affects students' descriptive text writing skills, particularly with regard to generic structure. The research design used for this quantitative study was a quasi-experimental one. 397 students from SMA Negeri 3 Pematangsiantar's class X make up the sample population. The sample was chosen using purposeful sampling. The sample was divided into the experimental and control groups. A 34-student experimental class called Class X IPA 6 was taught using the Think Talk Write (TTW) Strategy. 34 students in Class X IPA 2 make up the control group, who receive traditional instruction. The instrument for gathering data was a writing test. The results of data analysis using the t-test formula showed that the t-test value was greater than the t-table value (t-test t-table = 2,5 1.668). The results show that while Ho is rejected, Ha is accepted. It is therefore possible to draw the conclusion that the Think Talk Write (TTW) strategy significantly affects students' capacity to write descriptive text.

USING HOMOPHONE GAMES TO IMPROVE PRONUNCIATION FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT

The objective of this research is to prove that the use of homophone games can improve pronunciation of the eleventh grade students at SMKN 1 Sojol. This research applied pre-experimental research design. The sample of this research was 21 eleventh grade students of ATPH 1 (Agribisnis Tanaman Pangan dan Horticultura) as known as Agriculture major, consisting of 21 students. The sample was selected by using a purposive sampling technique. The data were collected by administering a pronunciation test conducted before and after treatment, called pre-test and post-test. The result of pre-test and post-test shows that the mean score of pre-test is 34.44, and the mean score of post-test is 76.19. The result of data is analyzed statically by applying t-test formula. The result of data analysis shows that the value of the t-counted is(4.30) was higher than the t-table value (1.725) by applying 0.05 level of significance and 20 degree of freedom (df) 21-1 =20. The implication of this finding is to the betterment of teaching pronunciation is that the teacher needs to use Homophone Games to improve students’ pronunciation.

The Influence of Problem-Based Learning Model on Student Learning Outcomes in the Theme of Technology Development Class III SD Negeri 101731 Kp. Lalang

This research aims to determine the learning outcomes on the theme of technological development for class III students who are taught using the Problem Based Learning learning model and to examine the effect of the Problem Based Learning Learning Model on student learning outcomes on the theme of technological development for class III students. The population of this study were all students of class III SD, totaling 58 people consisting of 2 classes III A and III B. This study used experimental research. The test results using the independent sample t-test formula, obtained tcount = 2.43 and ttable = 2.04. Thus tcount ttable = 2.43 2.04, the average value of the experimental class and control class, where the experimental class is 68.33 and the control class is 59.56. It can be concluded that there is an influence of the problem-based learning (PBL) learning model on student learning outcomes in thematic subjects on the theme of technological development for class III students at SD Negeri 101731 Kp. Lalang.

Running Dictations Game to Students Writing Skills

This research is intended to investigate the effect of Running Dictations Game to Students Writing Skills at the Second Grade of MTs Mardhotillah Boarding Tapanuli Selatan. This research was designed with quantitative research with experimental method. The sample were VIII B as experimental class that consisted of 11 students and VIII C as control class that consisted of 10 students. The data were collected through pre-test and post-test in oral test type dictation directly that given by teacher and analyzed by using t-test formula. The finding showed that the mean score of experimental class was higher than the mean score of control class. After doing T-test, the researcher found that tcount ttable (6.49 2.093). Therefore, alternative hypothesis (Ha) of this research was accepted null hypothesis (H0) was rejected. It can be concluded that there was significant effect of using Running Dictations Game to Students Writing Skills at the Second Grade of MTs Mardhotillah Boarding Tapanuli Selatan.

Teaching Writing by Using RADAR (Replace, Add, Delete and Reorder) Strategy for the Eighth Graders of Junior High School

The purpose of this research is to find out whether teaching writing by using the RADAR (Replace, Add, Delete and Reorder) strategy is effective for students or not. The research population was class VIII students at SMPN 7 Payakumbuh consisting of five classes with the total is 105 students. There are two classes as samples, VIII-2 as the experimental class and class VIII-4 as the control class. The sample uses cluster sampling in selecting samples. The research instrument was a writing test. This instrument applies because the material is based on the curriculum or syllabus. Then, this instrument will be reliable because it will use inter-rater reliability. To analyze the post-test scores of both the experimental class and the control class, the researcher will use the T-test formula. After analyzing the data, it was found that the average value of the experimental class was higher than the average the mean score of the control class (60.13 > 53.7). t-count result is higher than t table (3.12> 2.042). This means that there is a significant influence from teaching writing using the RADAR strategy to the eighth graders of SMPN 7 Payakumbuh in the 2016/2017 Academic Year. It is recommended for English teachers to apply the RADAR Strategy in teaching writing.

Enhancing Students’ Speaking Mastery by Using Chain Drill Technique

The purposes of this research were to know the effect of Chain Drill Technique on students’ speaking skill mastery. The sample of this research consisted of 12 students at grade X-A as experimental class and 10 students at grade X-B as control class MA Syekh Ahmad Basyir Batangtoru. This research is categorized into experimental research through pre-test and post-test design. Data collected by using oral test form and analyzed by using t-test formula. The result of research showed mean score in pre-test of experimental class was 43,5 and control class was 47.1. Meanwhile, the mean score of experimental class in post-test was 71.5 and control class was 53,5. In addition, after doing T-test, the researcher found that the posttest in experimental class was tcountttable (3.161.76). It can be concluded that there was significant effect of Chain Drill Technique on Students’ Speaking mastery.

The Effectiveness Of The Use Of Decision-Making Tools And WHO Wheel Criteria In the Selection Of Contraception For Post Partum Mother

Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), family planning is a program with several objectives, including regulating the number of children, regulating births between children, and anticipating unwanted pregnancies. According to data from the Central Statistics Agency for 2019, the number of contraceptive uses of all types in East Java was 66.24 percent, lower than in 2018, 67.88 percent. The number of contraceptive methods used at BPM Kiswaniyah for postpartum women in 2021 is higher than Long-Term Contraceptive Methods, which is 90 percent, compared to the MKJP method, which is only 10 percent. This study aimed to determine differences in the effectiveness of using the WHO Wheel Criteria and Decision-Making Assistance Tool (ABPK) in the selection of contraception by postpartum mothers.Methods: This research is a type of pre-experimental research, using a post-test-only control group design approach to determine differences in the effectiveness of using the WHO Wheel Criteria and Tools. The location of this study was at BPM Kiswaniyah during the time of the research from July to September 2022. The population in this study were all postpartum mothers (0-40 days), totaling 40 people. The independent sample t-test formula is used when the normality and normal distribution of data is tested to find the difference in the mean value between one group and another. Results: Data analysis A significance value of 0.002<0.05was obtained, which can be concluded that there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of using ABPK and WHO Wheel Criteria in the selection of postpartum Conclusion: contraception.ABPK and WHO Wheel Criteria have the same effectiveness in helping clients when choosing contraception after giving birth. This is possible due to several reasons, including the insufficient number of samples, the ability of each midwife to use contraceptive selection tools and the different understanding of respondents.

IMPROVING VOCABULARY MASTERY BY USING SHORT STORIES

This research aims to find out whether short stories can be successful in improving students' vocabulary mastery or not. The researcher used quantitative research with experimental design using one-group-pretest-posttest. The sample of this research is class XI IPA 2 students of SMA Negeri 6 Palu that consists of 15 students. This class is taken as the experimental class, and the class is taught by using a short story, specifically about the legend. The selection of samples in this research used purposive sampling. After conducting the test, the researcher got the mean score of the students' pre-test is 48.33 while the average score of the post-test is 74.00. Then the data were analyzed using the t-test formula. The result of data analysis shows that t-count was greater than t-table, t-count = 6.282 and t-table = 1.771 at a significance level of 0.05. It can be concluded that there is a significant improving in students' vocabulary mastery after using short stories as learning materials.

Pembelajaran Memproduksi Teks Deskripsi dengan Model Show Not Tell di SMP

Writing is a skill that must be mastered through a long process. It needs presence, knowledge, time, and experience. In this activity, students were expected the capability to compose descriptive text. This research aimed to know and describe the students' writing ability taught using Show Not Tell Model and its effectiveness. The method used was quasi-experiment. Design research used that was nonequivalent control group design. The population in the research was the whole student class VII SMPN 1 Balongan Indramayu lesson years 2022/2023 while sampling only two classes, that was class VII B with 30 students and class VII D with 30 students. The technique interpretation sample conducted was technique sampling purposive. The instrument of this study was a test in the form of a test description—preparation of data conducted with a formula t-test. Based on the finding, the result of students' writing ability in composing descriptive text through Show Not Tell Model increased, as proved by the average score of 85.50. Statistically, it was proved by the Tcounted= 6.44 and Ttable=1.70. Moreover, the significant value shows that it is not greater than 0.05. Hence, it could be summed up that Show Not Tell Model effectively increases students' writing ability in composing descriptive text

The Effectiveness Of Using Picture Series On Students’ English Writing Skill Of Recount Text At SMA Dharma Bakti Medan

This research consist to determine the effectiveness of using picture series on students' writing skills in recount texts at SMA Dharma bakti Medan. The design of this research is experimental research. They consist of 150 students and the sample consists of 40 students then divided into two class; The experimental class of 20 students (X-IPA) was taught using serial pictures while the control class of 20 students (X-IPS) was taught without serial pictures. The research instrument used a written test, The test is to make a story text analyzing the general structure of the story text. the score of a text can be obtained from the general structure and grammatical arrangement of the text. After applying the test to the students, the writer analyzes the data using the t-test formula which is commonly used. after calculating and analyzing the data, it was concluded that the was higher than the (4.47> 1.70). it shows that there is a significant difference. The experimental pre-test score was 39 and the post-test score was 60.25, the difference was -21.25. The value of is greater than (4.47>1.70) df is 38, and the level of significance is 0.05. it is stated that the effectiveness of the use of picture series has a significant influence on students' ability to write story texts, Based on the test results above, it shows that picture series can improve students' writing skills in writing story texts. it can be concluded that this research hypothesis is accepted.

PRAISE-QUESTION-POLISH (PQP) TECHNIQUE IN TEACHING WRITING

Writing means the ability of the writers in making, expressing, delivering and sharing the ideas in written form. Due to its difficulties of the skill, the teacher should be creative in applying the effective technique, one of them is praise question polish technique.This research was experimental research. The population was the second grade students of SMP N 1 Kec, Luak. There were seven classes of the second grade students which consisted of 237 students. There were two classes chosen. VIII,2 as the experimental and VIII as control class.Cluster random sampling technique to choose these classes. The experimental class was taught using the Praise-Question-Polish (PQP) technique and control was taught using the usual strategy. The instrument was valid because it has content validity. Researcher used inter -rater to see the reliability of the instrument. To analyze the data, researcher used the t-test formula from Gay and Airasian. The researcher compared the t-calculate and t-table by using a significant level of 0.05 with the degree of freedom/df (). After the researcher got data, it was found that t-count was -0.6524 and t-table was 2.000. from the calculated null hypothesis was accepted. The t-test was smaller than t-table. It meant that the research hypothesis was rejected. In other word, there was not significant effect of using Praise-Question-Polish technique in teaching writing.keywords: writing, teaching writing, Praise-Question-Polish (PQP) Technique

Taṭwīr al Kitāb Ayo Belajar Bahasa Arab Bi Waraqah al `Amal `Inda al Ṭullāb Li Tarqiyah Qudratihim `Alā Mahārah al Kitābah (al Baḥṡ Wa al Taṭwīr Bi MIN 15 Pidie Jaya)

This thesis is entitled "Development Book “Ayo Belajar Bahasa Arab” with LKS to improve students writing skills in Writing Hijayyah Letters (R&D research at MIN 15 Pidie Jaya)". The researcher found the problem that about 60% of the third grade students at MIN 15 pidie jaya they were not able to write hijaiyah letters correctly, there were even some of them who wrote from left to right, especially when they wrote continuous letters in sentences. Based on these problems, the researchers wanted to develop worksheets to help improve their ability to write hijaiyah letters. The LKS that the researcher wants to develop is the procedure for writing separate hijaiyah and hijaiyah letters that are connected to train them in writing so that they are able to write Arabic words and sentences correctly. The purpose of this study was to determine student responses to the development of worksheets. And to determine the level of effectiveness of the LKS development that has been developed. This researcher uses the R&D (Research and Development) method with the research instruments used are student questionnaires, expert validation, and tests. And the researcher took 15 third grade students as samples. As for the data analysis technique, the researcher used the T-test formula from the SPSS program. And the results obtained based on this research are the development of worksheets based on valid expert assessments with a value of 93%, while the test results show that the use of worksheets is effective in improving their ability to write hijaiyah letters. This is based on the results of the value of sig 0.00 <0.05.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE APPLICATION OF THE PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING MODEL ON THE LEARNING OUTCOMES AT SMPN 2 KOTAGAJAH

ABSTRACT The main problem in this study is whether the application of the problem-based learning model affects the English studies learning outcomes of grade VIII students of SMPN 2 Kotagajah. This study aims to determine the influence of the application of the problem-based learning model on social science learning outcomes in grade VIII students of SMPN 2 Kotagajah. This type of research is a true experimental study of the Posttest Only Control Group Design form involving two classes. The subjects in this study were grade VIII students of SMPN 2 Kotagajah which consisted of two groups, namely the control group of 32 students and the experimental group of 32 students. The control group is a conventionally taught group while the experimental group is a group taught with a problem-based learning (PBL) model. The results of descriptive statistical analysis of the use of problem-based learning models on student Social Science learning outcomes have a positive effect, student Social Science learning outcomes using problem-based learning models show better learning outcomes than before the problem-based learning model was applied. The results of inferential statistical analysis using the t-test formula, it is known that the calculated value of t-Count is 9.01 with a frequency of db = 32–1 = 31, at a significance level of 5% obtained t-Table = 2.04. So, t Calculate > t table or null hypothesis (H0) is rejected and alternative hypothesis (H1) is accepted. This proves that there is an influence in applying the problem-based learning model to the learning outcomes of English students in grade VIII SMPN 2 Kotagajah

PERBANDINGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MURDER DAN AIR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA SD NEGERI 153073 ANGGOLI I

The Comparison of Learning Models MURDER and AIR on Mathematics Learning Outcomes of Students at SD Negeri 153073 Anggoli I. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in mathematics learning outcomes for students at SD Negeri 153073 Anggoli I using the MURDER model with the AIR model. The population in this study were students of SD Negeri 153073 Anggoli I, with a sample of 13 students in grade II-A SD and 13 students in class II-B. The data collection technique was carried out by giving a written technical test and in the form of a description of 10 questions in the form of a pretest and posttest with multiplication and division material. The stages of the research method are normality test, homogeneity test, hypothesis testing. Then analyze the data used in this study using the two sample t-test formula. The mathematics learning outcomes of class II students at SD Negeri 153073 Anggoli I before the application of the MURDER learning model were in the medium category with an average number of 66.92 while after the application of the learning outcomes of students increased with an average number of 83.46. The mathematics learning outcomes of second grade students at SD Negeri 153073 Anggoli I before the implementation of the AIR learning model were in the medium category with an average number of 68.46 while after the application of the students' learning outcomes increased with an average number of 86.92. In testing the hypothesis using the t-test, namely the independent sample t-test, where the data being tested is the data from the posttest results of the two groups. Based on the calculation results of SPSS 16.0, Sign (2 tailed) = 0.003 which means < (0.05 or 5%), then H1 is accepted which means that there is a significant difference between the mathematics learning outcomes of second grade students at SD Negeri 153073 Anggoli I taught through MURDER and AIR learning models.