Systematic Placement Research Articles

Paraphyletic relationships revealed by mitochondrial DNA in the Peromyscus mexicanus species group (Rodentia: Cricetidae)

Although deer mice (Peromyscus spp.) are among the most studied small mammals, their species diversity and phylogenetic relationships remain unclear. The lack of taxonomic clarity is mainly due to a conservative morphology and because some taxa are rare, have restricted distributions, or are poorly sampled. One taxon, P. mexicanus, includes southern Mexican subspecies that have not had their systematic placement tested with genetic data. We analyzed the phylogenetic relationships and genetic structure of P. mexicanus populations using sequences of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b. We inferred that P. mexicanus is paraphyletic, with P. m. teapensis, P. m. tehuantepecus, andP. m. totontepecus more closely related to P. gymnotis than to P. m. mexicanus. This highly divergent clade ranges from northeastern Oaxaca to northern Chiapas, including southern Veracruz, and southern Tabasco. In light of this group’s mitochondrial distinctiveness, cohesive geographic range, and previously reported molecular, biochemical, and morphological differences, we recommend it be treated as P. totontepecus. Our findings demonstrate the need for an improved understanding of the diversity and evolutionary history of these common and abundant members of North American small mammal communities.

A new genus of tiger beetle (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) from the Nearctic and Neotropical realms.

The taxonomically problematic tiger beetle species, Cylindera lemniscata (LeConte, 1854), has been difficult to place within the Nearctic fauna because of its peculiar morphological characteristics which were noted in its description, and by subsequent workers. Molecular phylogenetic studies of the late 1990s and early 2000s were similarly unable to reach a consensus about its systematic placement. More recently, a densely sampled mtDNA genealogy recovered Cy. lemniscata as a monotypic clade that is sister to a larger clade of Nearctic tiger beetles that included species of Dromochorus Gurin-Mneville, 1845, Ellipsoptera Dokhtouroff, 1883 and Parvindela Duran Gough, 2019. In this present study, morphological characters were assessed for Cy. lemniscata and all of the above taxa, as well as members of the genus Brasiella Rivalier, 1954 and Cicindelidia cardini (Leng Mutchler, 1916), a poorly known Cuban endemic with markings that are remarkably similar to Cy. lemniscata. The consensus of molecular and morphological analyses indicates that Cy. lemniscata is not congeneric with any other species, and as such, we erect Jundlandia Duran Gough 2022, new genus, to accommodate this unique taxon. Future molecular work may determine that Ci. cardini may belong in Jundlandia.

First Member of 'Higher Endomychidae' (Coleoptera: Coccinelloidea) from the Mid-Cretaceous Amber of Myanmar and New Insights into the Time of Origin of the Handsome Fungus Beetles.

Simple SummaryWe discovered an extinct handsome fungus beetle almost 100 million years old embedded in amber from Myanmar. Comparing and analyzing the characteristics of its body with those of other beetles of this family living today, we were able to find out which ones could be their closest relatives. What we discovered suggests that our beetle, representing a new genus and species, is a part of a group called “Higher Endomychidae”. This group shares some features with members of the family Coccinellidae, the well-known ladybugs or ladybirds. Our finding supports the hypothesis that handsome fungus beetles (family Endomychidae) originated at least at the beginning of the Cretaceous period, and most probably in the Jurassic, coinciding with the heyday of dinosaurs on earth.A new genus and species of the family Endomychidae (Coleoptera: Coccinelloidea): Cretostenotarsus striatus Tomaszewska, Szawaryn and Arriaga-Varela gen. et sp. nov. are described, diagnosed and illustrated from the mid-Cretaceous amber from northern Myanmar. To test the systematic placement of the new extinct genus and species within the family, a phylogenetic analysis was conducted. A dataset of 38 morphological characters scored for 29 species (including the new fossil taxon), members of Endomychidae sensu stricto and representatives of Coccinelloidea as outgroups were analyzed using maximum parsimony. The results of the analysis indicate unequivocally that Cretostenotarsus striatus is a member of the Stenotarsus clade within a monophyletic ‘endomychine complex’ sensu Robertson et al. (2015), which corresponds to ‘Higher Endomychidae’ sensu Tomaszewska (2005). The present discovery confirms at least the Jurassic origin of Coccinelloidea and indicates a much older origin of Endomychidae than previously hypothesized.

Mazusdanxiacola (Mazaceae), a distinct new species endemic to Danxia landform in Jiangxi Province, eastern China.

Mazusdanxiacola, a new species endemic to Danxia landform in east Jiangxi Province, eastern China, is described and illustrated. The systematic placement of this new species was confirmed by molecular phylogenetic analyses based on four plastid markers (matK, rbcL, rps16 and trnL-trnF) and nuclear ribosome ITS sequence, and its specific relationships within Mazus were discussed. Morphologically, the new species is clearly different from other Mazus species by having a series of uncommon traits, i.e., annual habit, without stolons and basal leaves, single, erect and unbranched stems, long petiolate leaves abaxially grayish green to silver gray, truncate to broadly cuneate leaf bases, racemes extremely elongated up to 35 cm long, white corolla, and palate densely covered by conspicuous clavate gland-like hairs. The new species is assigned to Critically Endangered (CR) according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.

Molecular Phylogenetic Evidence and Biogeographic History of Indian Endemic Portulaca L. (Portulacaceae) Species

The genus Portulaca L. belongs to the monogeneric family Portulacaceae and consists of about 157 species worldwide. In India, it is represented by 11 taxa; among them, Portulaca badamica, Portulaca lakshminarasimhaniana, Portulaca oleracea var. linearifolia, and Portulaca laljii are endemic. So far, the phylogenetic positions of these species have not yet been analyzed. We have reconstructed the Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenies based on a combined chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequence dataset to reveal phylogenetic placements of Indian Portulaca. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that all the sampled Indian Portulaca species (except Portulaca wightiana) are placed in the AL clade, which contains most of the known species of the family Portulacaceae. We used reconstructed phylogeny to study the historical biogeography of Indian endemic species by employing S-DIVA analysis. S-DIVA analysis suggested P. lakshminarasimhaniana has origin in India, it may be the result of in situ speciation in India, and P. badamica was dispersed from Africa to India. We have also discussed the systematic placements of endemic species and their morphological relationships with closely allied species. In addition, this study also provides taxonomic treatment for endemic species.

Hoploscatopse prisca gen. et sp. nov., the first Scatopsidae (Diptera) from mid-Cretaceous amber of Myanmar

The first named species of Scatopsidae, Hoploscatopse prisca gen. et sp. nov., from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar is described and figured. The systematic placement of the new genus is briefly discussed. It is tentatively placed in Scatopsidae incertae sedis, pending the discovery of further similar taxa in the Cretaceous.

Primulalongipilosa (Primulaceae), a new species from Yunnan, China.

Primulalongipilosa from SW Yunnan, China, is described as a species new to science and illustrated. The systematic placement of this new species is also discussed based on an nrITS molecular tree. It is morphologically most similar to P.mollis, but differs from the latter in its racemose inflorescence, green calyx tube, pink to pink rose corolla, stamens at 1/3 length above the base of the corolla tube and applanate globose capsule.

Taxonomy of European Damaeidae X. Description of Coronabelba unicornis n. gen., n. sp. (Acari, Oribatida, Damaeidae) from Abkhazia, with comments on genus Metabelba Grandjean, 1936

A new oribatid mite genus, Coronabelba n. gen., with its type species, Coronabelba unicornis n. sp., belonging to the family Damaeidae, is proposed and described from Abkhazia. The new genus differs from the close genus Metabelba Grandjean, 1936 by shape of notogaster, shape of notogastral setae and their insertions on distinct apophyses and leg chaetotaxy (nine setae on femora I-II). The type species differs from the other known representative of the genus, Coronabelba platynotus Grandjean, 1954 n. comb. by the absence of prodorsal tubercles, the presence of distinct prodorsal protuberance and some characters of the ventral side and legs. The systematic placement of the new taxa within related taxons is discussed.

ГИБКИЙ ПОДХОД К ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЮ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННОГО ОБЪЕКТА

The prerequisites for a high-quality solution of architectural and artistic problems in the design of industrial enterprises are determined. The planning system provides a systematic placement in space of the main structural elements of the composition (main roads and communications, individual zones and objects), and the preservation of the adopted structure during the development of the enterprise. Despite the further change in the building system as new capacities increase. General methods of organizing space are formed by various elements of building up industrial enterprises. The compositional solutions of industrial buildings can be classified depending on the methods of placing the standing equipment: buildings with an open facade; buildings with equipment; "bbuilding-installations". The improvement of the architectural and artistic qualities of the production environment is achieved through landscaping and landscaping of the territory, the color scheme of objects and complexes. The correct choice of the volume of buildings allows to reduce the area of the enclosing structures, which in turn reduces the energy loss of the building, to have a versatile orientation, better insolation and ventilation. Since here, technological, techno-economic and social factors are closely interconnected.

MENGENAL AL-MUNASABAH

The Qur'an is the word of God which is also a miracle that was revealed to the prophet Muhammad in Arabic, which reached mankind by means of al-tawatur (directly from the Apostle to his people), which was then contained in the manuscripts. The holy book Al-Quran was revealed by Allah as a guide for mankind, especially for those who are pious. Understanding the instructions contained in the Qur'an needs to be supported by related sciences, for example: asbab an-nuzul, munasabah, makki and madani and so on. Among the many discussions of the Qur'anic sciences, one of them is about munasabah. Munasabah discusses the relationship between one letter or verse with another letter or verse, this is part of the Ulum Al-Qur'an. the scholars of the Qur'an include the science of munasabah, namely knowledge of the relationship, the relationship between verses and suras in the Qur'an as part of the Ulumul Qur'an. As part of the linguistics of the Qur'an, munasabah has an important position in an effort to understand the text of the Qur'an integrally. Because the systematic placement, by some people, is considered to be arranged by God, who of course has wisdom behind the arrangement.

Regular clocking-based Automated Cell Placement technique in QCA targeting sequential circuit

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is field-coupled nanotechnology that achieves high device density, high switching speed, and low power dissipation. The flow of information within QCA is fully controlled by the position of the electrons only. A proper cell placement and its respective clock zone for the correct logic operation become the utmost design requirement. Insufficient research in this direction and appropriate use of regular clocking requires rigorous research in this area. An appropriate routing channel to adopt a stable and steady underlying clock scheme plays an essential role in positioning QCA cells. This paper presents a systematic placement of QCA cells targeting sequential logic, which makes efficient use of the underlying regular clocking scheme. The proposed method is verified by implementing the SR and D flip flop incorporating the USE clocking scheme. The effectiveness of the proposed cell positioning algorithm is reported. A significant performance improvement is observed, which advocates the importance of such a scheme in QCA circuit design.

Особенности минерального питания при возделывании кукурузы на зерно в зоне Волго-Донского междуречья

All field experiments were conducted by us for three years 2019...2021. Production verification of the results and implementation was carried out in 2020...2021. To establish the influence of technological methods on the productivity of domestic corn hybrids for grain purposes during irrigation in the dry steppe, field experiments were laid to study irrigation and water consumption regimes, the use and effectiveness of calculated doses of mineral fertilizers for a given crop. The following hybrids were selected as research objects: POCC-209 MB and Volga 89 MB (control). The experiments were laid down according to the methodology of the field experience of B.A. Dospekhov and recommendations for conducting field experiments with corn (Falev D.S. et al., 1980). The repeatability of the experiment is fourfold. Plots were arranged sequentially, with systematic placement of options. The method of split plots was used. The total area of the plot is 1120 m2, the account is 250 m2. The mineral fertilizers used in the experiments were calculated taking into account the fertility of chestnut soils and the planned yield of corn grain at the level of 8 and 11 t/ha. According to the fertilized variants N140P107K97, the irrigation regime is 60...70...60% HB, the yield of corn grain is within 8.91...9.84 t/ha. At a dose of N160P156K134, grain yield was slightly higher and amounted to 9.32...12.27 t/ha, depending on the weather conditions of the growing season. Yield under irrigation regime 70...80...70 % The HB on fertilized variants at a dose of N140P107K97 was 9.73...11.85 t/ha, and at a dose of N160P156K134, the yield ranged from 10.49...13'84 t/ha.

Drilini (Coleoptera: Elateridae: Agrypninae) of Iran

We reviewed the diversity of neotenic click-beetle tribe Drilini in Iran. Three species classified in two genera are known from that country: Drilorhinus klimenkoi Kovalev, Kirejtshuk, and Shapovalov, 2019, the only species of the monotypic Drilorhinus Kovalev, Kirejtshuk, and Shapovalov, 2019, and two species of the predominantly Mediterranean genus Drilus Olivier, 1790, i.e., Drilus iljini Barovskij, 1922, and Drilus iranicus Wittmer, 1967. All three species are endemic to Iran. We provide redescriptions of two Drilus species and discuss the head morphology and systematic placement of Drilorhinus.

Host Plants and Illustrations of the Feeding Habits, Last Instar Larva, and Pupa of Anoncia mosa Hodges (Gelechioidea: Cosmopterigidae), with Notes on Larval and Pupal Characters of Potential Taxonomic Significance in the Cosmopterigidae

We document for the first time the larval food plants of Anoncia mosa Hodges (Cosmopterigidae) mining the leaves of Collinsia heterophylla and C. tinctoria (Lamiales: Plantaginaceae) in Madera County, California. We describe and illustrate the mine, larval feeding habits, last instar larva and pupa of Anoncia mosa, then compare the immature stages to other Cosmopterigidae to help identify this species and call attention to some overlooked morphological characters. These include the larval P seta, larval cuticular texture and the genital opening of the pupa in a pit. We partially describe the previously unknown pupa of Euclemensia. We also use characters of the immature stages to briefly discuss the systematic placement of three taxa. The family status of the Chrysopeleiidae and the inclusion of Triclonella in the Cosmopterigidae are supported by the pupa but not the larva. Conversely, the systematic placement of Metharmostis in Cosmopterigidae is better supported by the larva than the pupa. Our study is an example of the need to save larval and pupal exuviae for morphological descriptions.

New mid-Cretaceous cryptic slime mold beetles and the early evolution of Sphindidae (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea)

Abstract The cryptic slime mold beetles, Sphindidae, are a moderately diverse cucujoid beetle family, whose members are obligately tied to slime molds throughout their life. The fossil record of sphindid beetles is sparse; stem-sphindids and crown-group members of uncertain systematic placement have been reported from Cretaceous ambers. Here we review the Mesozoic fossil record of Sphindidae and report a new sphindid genus and species, Trematosphindus newtonigen. et sp. nov., from Albian/Cenomanian amber from northern Myanmar (ca. 99 Ma). Trematosphindus is set apart from all other sphindids by the presence of distinct lateral cavities on the anterior pronotal angles. Our phylogenetic analysis identifies Trematosphindus as an early-diverging genus within Sphindidae, sister to the remainder of the family except Protosphindus, or Protosphindus and Odontosphindus. The new fossils provide evidence that basal crown slime mold beetles begun to diversify by the mid-Cretaceous, providing a valuable calibration point for understanding timescale of sphindid co-evolution with slime molds.

Systematic placement and new data on the checkered beetles Aberrokorynetes Winkler and Visokorynetes Winkler (Coleoptera: Cleridae) from Eocene Baltic amber obtained from X-ray tomography

ABSTRACT Based on a well-preserved specimen from Eocene Baltic amber, the second species of extinct Aberrokorynetes is described and illustrated using X-ray micro-computed tomography. Three-dimensional models reconstructed from μCT data were used to assist in the description of Aberrokorynetes oceanojubilaei sp. nov. (Cleridae: Korynetinae). The extinct genus Visokorynetes is resurrected from synonymy with Prosymnus Laporte, 1836. Additionally, two new records of Visokorynetes priscus from Baltic amber are presented. Twenty-four morphological characters of nine genera of Korynetinae were analysed to find an approximate systematic position of the fossils. Visokorynetes was found to be a member of Korynetinae sensu stricto while Aberrokorynetes was placed in a group of genera of the former Enopliinae or Neorthopleurinae.

Preoperative ureteral stenting in women with deep posterior endometriosis and ureteral involvement: Is it useful?

Systematic placement of a ureteral stent before surgery for posterior deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) was previously recommended, but it could increase perioperative complications. We evaluate the role of preoperative ureteral stent in women requiring surgery for ureteral involvement (UI) with large posterior DIE nodules and/or grade I-II hydronephrosis. Women undergoing minimally invasive surgery for DIE with UI having posterior nodules >3cm and/or grade I-II hydronephrosis from 2014 to 2019 were retrospectively included. We progressively changed our strategy from a systematic pre-operative stent insertion (S-PS, up to 2016) to a non-systematic one (NS-PS, from 2016). Eighty-eight women in the S-PS group and 96 in the NS-PS were included. Low urinary tract infections (UTI) were higher in the S-PS group (13.6% vs 2.1%, P=0.003). Hospital stay was longer in women with S-PS (9.8±5.3days vs 6.7±2.5days, P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis confirmed a significant association between NS-PS and low UTI (adjusted OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.05-0.81, P=0.024). Systematic placement of a ureteral stent before surgery in women requiring surgery does not reduce overall perioperative complication rate, but it is associated with a longer duration of hospitalization and a higher low UTI rate.

Dependence of above-ground mass formation of sickle alfalfa on application of different doses of mineral fertilizers in terms of permafrost floodplain soils of Yakutia, Russia

The experiments were carried out on the permafrost floodplain soils of the Khangalassky region of Yakutia to study the effect of different doses of mineral fertilizers on the formation of the forage mass of sickle alfalfa, the variety Yakutskaya yellow. The aim was to substantiate the effect of different doses of mineral fertilizers on the development of sickle alfalfa cultured in the permafrost floodplain neutral and carbonate soils in combination with floodplain saline soils. The tasks included the following ones: 1) to determine the effect of different doses of mineral fertilizers on the formation of the leaf surface of alfalfa plants; 2) to determine the dependence of alfalfa fodder mass yield on the application of mineral fertilizers. The size of the plots was 20 m2, with fourfold repetition, systematic placement of variants, wide-row sowing method by row spacing of 45 cm. There were 5 variants with different doses of mineral fertilizers in the experiment: 1) Without fertilizers; 2) N30 (PK)60; 3) N60 (PK)90; 4) (NPK)90; 5) (NPK)120. After the conducted studies, it was revealed that the application of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N60 (PK)90 provides the formation of the largest leaf area of ​​alfalfa (37.2 thousand m2 ha-1). The maximum dose of mineral fertilizer (NPK)120 contributes to plant foliage increase (up to 42%) and to the highest yield of crescent alfalfa dry weight (4.2 ton ha-1). Sprouting of alfalfa does not show dependence on the application of different doses of mineral fertilizers. A complete relationship was established between the yield of forage mass and the area of ​​alfalfa leaves (r = 1) with the regression coefficient of 0.6 ton ha-1. A strong dependence of forage mass yield was observed on leafiness (r = 0.9) with the regression coefficient of 0.4 ton ha-1, as well as an average negative dependence of the aboveground mass of alfalfa yield on the number of shoots (r = -0.6) with the regression coefficient of -0,5 ton ha-1.

The fossil flora of the Dead Sea region, Jordan – A late Permian Garden of Delights

The Umm Irna Formation, Jordan, holds one of the most peculiar late Permian plant–fossil assemblages worldwide. Over the last decades of field work, several localities close to the eastern shore of the Dead Sea have yielded a highly diverse ‘mixed flora’ of mesic to xeric environments encompassing elements that are typical either for different floral realms or for different time periods of Earth History. Taxa typical for particular floral realms include, e.g. Cathaysian gigantopterids and Lobatannularia, Euramerican conifers such as Otovicia hypnoides, or the characteristic Gondwanan seed ferns Glossopteris and Dicroidium. Moreover, most taxa are typical for the Permian, some assemblages have also yielded precocious occurrences of taxa that have so far been considered typical for the Mesozoic, such as Umkomasiaceae, Bennettitales, and podocarp conifers. In most cases, fossils from the Umm Irna Formation show well–preserved cuticles that allow sound systematic placement and contribute to the reconstruction of dispersed plant parts into whole–plant–taxa. Altogether, the Umm Irna Formation provides an exceptional window into depositional environments and vegetation types that are rarely preserved in the fossil record but that are crucial for our understanding of plant evolution.

FROM INCORPORATION TO INTEGRATION AND EDUCATION OF DEAF CHILDREN IN THE MAINSTREAM SCHOOL

The term integration means the systematic placement of something within something else and the completion of the subject as an independent, whole part of a larger whole. The term incorporation (mainstreaming) denotes the one-way attachment and assimilation of one to a whole or, in other words, the acquisition of a body or flow by acquiring the characteristics of a heteroid set and losing the original characteristics. The term inclusive education replaces the terms inclusion and integration. The adjective inclusive comes from the Latin verb includere, which means "include". The term can be abbreviated as "inclusive education" or "non-exclusion education". This article focuses on the integration, integration and inclusive education of deaf children in the public school.