Scientific Information System Research Articles

PERANCANGAN USER INTERFACE SISTEM INFORMASI E-REPOSITORY KARYA ILMIAH PADA AKADEMI KEPERAWATAN BAITURRAHMAH PADANG BERBASIS WEB

This study aims to produce a user interface for scientific work repository information systems that are useful for facilitating the Baiturahmah Nursing Academy in searching for scientific work references online. Scientific works are scientific essays that present general facts and are written according to the correct writing methodology and the truth can be proven, the opinions in scientific works are always accompanied by supporting evidence, for that the process of storing scientific works can be arranged in a structured manner. The management of scientific works from the Baiturrahmah Nursing Academy community is currently still manual, the process to access scientific works is done by borrowing directly from the library. The method used in this research is the Waterfall Model System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and system design tools using the UML model. While the programming language and database design used the PHP programming language and MySQL database. The results of this study are a scientific work repository application that can be accessed online which provides convenience in the process of storing scientific papers, making it easier for the Baiturrahmah Nursing Academy to find references for writing scientific papers.

Competitividad de proyectos agrarios en las regiones Amazonas, San Martín, Loreto y Ucayali

The objective of the research was to identify and measure the factors that influence the competitiveness of agricultural research projects. Nineteen research projects that were executed by the INCAGRO program in four regions (Amazonas, San Martín, Loreto and Ucayali) were analyzed. The factorial analysis grouped 22 variables into four factors: F1, Knowledge-facilities; F2, Funds; F3, Plans and F4, Impact. The estimated regression model Y = 3.421 + 0.391F1 +0.197F2 + 0.193F3 -0.051F4 (R2: 0.89) was used and Spearman's non-parametric correlation coefficients indicated that, to improve the competitiveness of research projects, it is It is essential to have qualified professionals, experimental fields, availability of laboratories equipped with the latest technology, in addition to having access to the national and international scientific and technological information system. The results obtained are relevant for agricultural research and extension projects in order to improve competitiveness.

A Scientific Research Information System via Intelligent Blockchain Technology for the Applications in University Management

The scientific research information system plays an essential role in improving management efficiency and promoting technological innovation in universities. With the increasing computational demand for human-centric research management, blockchain technology, with distributed storage, consensus sharing, and security traceability, has efficiently assisted the research information system in dealing with various issues such as big-data scale, information security, interconnection, rapid response, and private security. A novel scientific information system framework based on intelligent blockchain technology is proposed to promote university scientific research’s information level and management efficiency. Moreover, four smart data contracts, including data collection, verification, sharing, and supervision, are custom-designed under an efficient scientific research information system. Those intelligent contracts provide reliable data security and traceability algorithms to guarantee the practical application of the scientific research information system. The results show that the constructed system can relieve the centralized storage pressure of scientific research information and solve the cross-subject sharing obstacle of massive safety data among different systems. Thereby, the system increases the transparency of scientific evaluation and realizes the credible supervision of scientific research information, which provides a way to promote the innovative application of blockchain technology in scientific research management in colleges and universities.

Continuous auditing in public sector and central banks: a framework to tackle implementation challenges

PurposeThis paper aims to analyse the implementation challenges faced by internal audit departments of public sector organisations and central banks when implementing continuous auditing (CA) systems. CA aims to monitor internal control systems and risk levels on a continuous basis to support the audit process. This study identifies the implementation challenges of CA systems and proposes adequate countermeasures.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs the design science information system research and the design science research process methodologies to ensure the rigor of this analysis. These research methodologies are adopted to tackle identified organisational problems and propose solutions. This methodological approach consists in the following phases: identification of the problems and motivation; definition of the objectives of the solution; research design and development; evaluation; communication.FindingsThis study detects several implementation challenges for public sector organisations and central banks and proposes adequate solutions. This study finds that these challenges are related to organisations’ complexity, institutional rigidity, potential threats to internal auditors’ independence and the issue of considering CA system as a “real time error correction” mechanism. The solutions involve the development of a business process focussed audit approach to enable internal auditors to analyse CA indicators, and the use of CA systems to support each phase of the audit process.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the scant strand of literature on internal auditing in central banks. Given the exceptional demand for guidance concerning internal auditing in the public sector and in central banks, this paper provides guidelines for these organisations to implement CA systems and to tackle implementation challenges. The analysis allows internal audit departments within central banks to better support their organisations in the achievement of their important regulatory and policy objectives.

IFLA supports bibliographic studies

The author reviews the activity of the International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) in the area of bibliography and bibliographic studies since the second half of 20th century. IFLA bibliography-oriented divisions with the account to the recent structural changes are named. The changes are approved at 2021 World Library and Information Congress. The key projects in blbliography and cataloguing are discussed: Universal Bibliographic Control (UBC), UNISIST (United Nations International Scientific Information System); National Information Systems; International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD). The current technological projects, e. g. FRBR, FRAD, FRSAD, FRBRoo, PRESSoo, IFLA LRM, are to regulate and standardize requirements to bibliographic records to support multiaspect information retrieval. The author argues that IFLA has transformed its bibliographic activities from large-scale global projects intended to embrace various types of documents and to unify bibliographic records toward narrower technological projects oriented toward disclosing data on format and contents of documents and efficient utilization of bibliographic information. The author emphaszes that IFLA is now focusing on the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals agenda and 2030 Culture Coalition.The author based her article on the paper delivered at the Third World Bibliographic Congress (Novosibirsk, 27–29 April, 2021).

Narratives of epistemic agency in citizen science classification projects: ideals of science and roles of citizens

Citizen science (CS) projects have started to utilize Machine Learning (ML) to sort through large datasets generated in fields like astronomy, ecology and biodiversity, biology, and neuroimaging. Human–machine systems have been created to take advantage of the complementary strengths of humans and machines and have been optimized for efficiency and speed. We conducted qualitative content analysis on meta-summaries of documents reporting the results of 12 citizen science projects that used machine learning to optimize classification tasks. We examined the distribution of tasks between citizen scientists, experts, and algorithms, and how epistemic agency was enacted in terms of whose knowledge shapes the distribution of tasks, who decides what knowledge is relevant to the classification, and who validates it. In our descriptive results, we found that experts, who include professional scientists and algorithm developers, are involved in every aspect of a project, from annotating or labelling data to giving data to algorithms to train them to make decisions from predictions. Experts also test and validate models to improve their accuracy by scoring their outputs when algorithms fail to make correct decisions. Experts are mostly the humans involved in a loop, but when algorithms encounter problems, citizens are also involved at several stages. In this paper, we present three main examples of citizens-in-the-loop: (a) when algorithms provide incorrect suggestions; (b) when algorithms fail to know how to perform classification; and (c) when algorithms pose queries. We consider the implications of the emphasis on optimization on the ideal of science and the role of citizen scientists from a perspective informed by Science and Technology Studies (STS) and Information Systems (IS). Based on our findings, we conclude that ML in CS classification projects, far from being deterministic in its nature and effects, may be open to question. There is no guarantee that these technologies can replace citizen scientists, nor any guarantee that they can provide citizens with opportunities for more interesting tasks.

Thousands of examining eyes: credibility, authority and validity in biodiversity citizen science data production

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to contribute with knowledge about how valid research data in biodiversity citizen science are produced through information practices and how notions of credibility and authority emerge from these practices.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through an empirical, interview-based study of the information practices of 15 participants active in the vicinity of the Swedish biodiversity citizen science information system Artportalen. Interview transcripts were analysed abductively and qualitatively through a coding scheme by working back and forth between theory and data. Values of credibility, authority and validity of research data were unfolded through a practice-oriented perspective to library and information studies by utilising the theoretical lens of boundary objects.FindingsNotions of credibility, authority and validity emerge through participant activities of transforming species observations to data, supplementing reports with objects of trust, augmenting identification through authority outreach and assessing credibility via peer monitoring. Credibility, authority and validity of research data are shown to be co-constructed in a distributed fashion by the participants and the information system.Originality/valueThe article extends knowledge about information practices in emerging, heterogeneous scholarly settings by focussing on the complex co-construction of credibility, authority and validity in relation to data production.

Changes of IgG N-Glycosylation in Thyroid Autoimmunity: The Modulatory Effect of Methimazole in Graves' Disease and the Association With the Severity of Inflammation in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.

The N-glycome of immunoglobulin G (IgG), the most abundant glycoprotein in human blood serum, reflects pathological conditions of autoimmunity and is sensitive to medicines applied in disease therapy. Due to the high sensitivity of N-glycosylation, the IgG N-glycan profile may serve as an indicator of an ongoing inflammatory process. The IgG structure and its effector functions are strongly dependent on the composition of N-glycans attached to the Fc fragment, and the binding of antigens is regulated by Fab sugar moieties. Because of the crucial role of N-glycans in IgG function, remodeling of its N-oligosaccharides can induce pathological changes that ultimately contribute to the development of autoimmunity; restoration of their physiological structure is critical to the reduction of disease symptoms. Our recently published data have shown that the pathology of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), including Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and Graves’ disease (GD), is accompanied by alterations of the composition of IgG N-glycans. The present study is a more in-depth investigation of IgG glycosylation in both AITDs, designed to determine the relationship between the severity of thyroid inflammation and IgG N-glycan structures in HT, and to assess the impact of immunosuppressive therapy on the N-glycan profile in GD patients. The study material consisted of human serum samples collected from donors with elevated anti-thyroglobulin (Tg) and/or anti-thyroperoxidase (TPO) IgGs without symptoms of hypothyroidism (n=68), HT patients characterized by high autoantibody titers and advanced destruction of the thyroid gland (n=113), GD patients with up-regulated IgG against thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) before (n=62) and after (n=47) stabilization of TSH level as a result of methimazole therapy (study groups), and healthy donors (control group, n=90). IgG was isolated from blood serum using protein G affinity chromatography. N-glycans were released from IgG by PNGase F digestion and analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) after 2-aminobenzamide (2-AB) labeling. UPLC-MS chromatograms were integrated into 25 peaks (GP) in the Waters UNIFI Scientific Information System, and N-glycans were assigned based on the glucose unit values and mass-to-charge ratios (m/z) of the detected ions. The Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test was used to determine the statistical significance of the results (p<0.05). The obtained results suggest that modifications of IgG sialylation, galactosylation and core-fucosylation are associated with the severity of HT symptoms. Methimazole therapy implemented in GD patients affected the IgG N-glycan profile; as a result, the content of the sialylated and galactosylated oligosaccharides with core fucose differed after treatment. Our results suggest that N-glycosylation of IgG undergoes dynamic changes during the intensification of thyroiditis in HT, and that in GD autoimmunity it is affected significantly by immunosuppressive therapy.

Developing Metrics for NASA Earth Science Interdisciplinary Data Products and Services

Metrics are measures that are able to produce quantifiable information. There are many applications of metrics in Earth science data and services; for example, metrics are frequently used to track service performance and progress. In short, developing, collecting and analyzing metrics are essential activities to better support Earth science research, applications, and education. As one of the largest repositories of Earth science data in the world, NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS) Project supports twelve Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAACs). Standard metrics have been developed by the ESDIS Metrics System (EMS). These metrics are collected and analyzed routinely at each DAAC. As it is expected that the total data volume will continue to grow rapidly, and the timely developed technologies (e.g., cloud computing, AI/ML) will continue to improve data discovery and accessibility, opportunities for developing new data services for the Earth science community will also arise, especially in interdisciplinary research and applications. However, developing such metrics has become a challenge because multiple datasets are often needed. Current metrics are designed for a single predefined dataset or service, a disadvantage for collecting metrics for interdisciplinary data services. In this paper, we assess current metrics using one of the NASA DAACs, the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC), as an example, to discuss challenges and opportunities, along with recommendations for developing metrics addressing interdisciplinary satellite data products and services. <strong>Highlights</strong> <ul><li>Overview of NASA GES DISC Earth science datasets and services</li><li>Overview of existing metrics collection methods and analysis tools with examples</li><li>Discuss challenges and opportunities in collecting metrics for Earth science interdisciplinary data and services</li></ul>

Sistem Informasi Transaksi dalam P2P di Pasar Cryptocurrency Binance

With this research to determine the effect of public literacy in investing, the most common are currency, paper money and coins. Now the blockchain technology that we hear more often, namely with cryptocurrencies, has made many meanings of the benefits of profit because it is without the costs of administrative services, without intermediaries, and delays. In this case, one of them is the Binance Platform, the Fintech P2P lending Ecosystem and digital transaction system are growing very quickly and become one of the cashless payment options, an alternative choice for new tariff categories because of the multiple advantages of fast and technology-based processes which are the supporting culture of the MSME generation. Cryptocurrency despite very significant progress but not many countries have legalized it as a legal medium of exchange. With the influence of information systems science, namely by knowing more about the extent of acceptance of cryptocurrencies in society in terms of social finance

Critical Periods, Critical Time Points and Day-of-the-Week Effects in COVID-19 Surveillance Data: An Example in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, USA.

Critical temporal changes such as weekly fluctuations in surveillance systems often reflect changes in laboratory testing capacity, access to testing or healthcare facilities, or testing preferences. Many studies have noted but few have described day-of-the-week (DoW) effects in SARS-CoV-2 surveillance over the major waves of the novel coronavirus 2019 pandemic (COVID-19). We examined DoW effects by non-pharmaceutical intervention phases adjusting for wave-specific signatures using the John Hopkins University’s (JHU’s) Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) COVID-19 data repository from 2 March 2020 through 7 November 2021 in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, USA. We cross-referenced JHU’s data with Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH) COVID-19 records to reconcile inconsistent reporting. We created a calendar of statewide non-pharmaceutical intervention phases and defined the critical periods and timepoints of outbreak signatures for reported tests, cases, and deaths using Kolmogorov-Zurbenko adaptive filters. We determined that daily death counts had no DoW effects; tests were twice as likely to be reported on weekdays than weekends with decreasing effect sizes across intervention phases. Cases were also twice as likely to be reported on Tuesdays-Fridays (RR = 1.90–2.69 [95%CI: 1.38–4.08]) in the most stringent phases and half as likely to be reported on Mondays and Tuesdays (RR = 0.51–0.93 [0.44, 0.97]) in less stringent phases compared to Sundays; indicating temporal changes in laboratory testing practices and use of healthcare facilities. Understanding the DoW effects in daily surveillance records is valuable to better anticipate fluctuations in SARS-CoV-2 testing and manage appropriate workflow. We encourage health authorities to establish standardized reporting protocols.

Upwelling study of chlorophyll &lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt; content in phytoplankton of the western Caspian in 2017 based on remote sensing data

Aim . Study of upwelling based on spatio‐temporal variability of chlorophyll a concentration in the western part of the Caspian Sea in 2017 based on space survey images. Materials and methods . Space images were obtained from the specialized centers of Ocean Color NASA, Earth Science Data Systems NASA and SATIN. Remote sensing data was processed using SeaDAS and ArcGIS programmes. Ground data were obtained from the Unified State System of Information on the Situation in the World Ocean (ESIMO). ESIMO is an inter‐agency information system designed to integrate data and services of marine systems of Russia and to provide integrated information support to maritime activities of the Russian Federation. The database was created in ArcGIS and maps compiled accordingly. Results . The first upwelling occurred on 9‐17 June 2017. The minimum water temperature registered in the Makhachkala region was 14°C with an increase in salinity to 12‰, over an area of 1.500 km 2 . There was an increase in the content of dissolved oxygen up to 9.70 mg/l and a pH of 8.64 was recorded. At first, the concentration of chlorophyll a was more than 10 mg/m 3 , then it decreased to 2.5 m/m 3 , while at the same time the area of distribution of chlorophyll with this indicator significantly increased. For the coastal strip, the chlorophyll index was 5 mg/m 3 . The second upwelling of medium intensity was from 19 June to 1 July 1 2017 with a minimum of t = 17.9°C with an increase in salinity of 1‰. The surface area was 454 km 2 . The concentration of chlorophyll a increased from 4 to 8‐12 mg/m 3 , reaching 23 mg/m 3 on 24 June. The third case of upwelling was recorded from 26 August to 1 September 2017 and was characterized by a decrease in water temperature by 7.4°C (near the coast by 17.1°C). The average salinity increase was 0.32‰, while the O 2 concentration was 8 mg/l and the water area 500 km 2 . A sharp increase in the area and concentration of chlorophyll was observed on 29 August 2017. Subsequently, the concentration of chlorophyll throughout the entire water area was evenly distributed in the range of 1‐5 mg/m 3 . Conclusion . The Caspian Sea is characterized by spatial heterogeneity of oceanological parameters, which can be recorded based on the results of processing satellite images and their verification using ground data. In the western part of the sea, the upwelling is periodic and of different scales. In total, on the basis of the capabilities of multifactor geoinformation modeling, 3 upwellings were identified and confirmed using satellite data.

Feasibility of creation and use of specialized search systems for scientific and technical information

The efficiency of using global Internet search systems versus specialized systems, including the State System of Scientific and Technical Information of the Republic of Belarus, for searching the scientific and technical information is compared in this article. Potential advantages and disadvantages of STI search systems are considered. The experience of individual states in creating and maintaining the functioning of state resources of scientific and technical information is analyzed.

A review of Earth Artificial Intelligence

In recent years, Earth system sciences are urgently calling for innovation on improving accuracy, enhancing model intelligence level, scaling up operation, and reducing costs in many subdomains amid the exponentially accumulated datasets and the promising artificial intelligence (AI) revolution in computer science. This paper presents work led by the NASA Earth Science Data Systems Working Groups and ESIP machine learning cluster to give a comprehensive overview of AI in Earth sciences. It holistically introduces the current status, technology, use cases, challenges, and opportunities, and provides all the levels of AI practitioners in geosciences with an overall big picture and to “blow away the fog to get a clearer vision” about the future development of Earth AI. The paper covers all the majorspheres in the Earth system and investigates representative AI research in each domain. Widely used AI algorithms and computing cyberinfrastructure are briefly introduced. The mandatory steps in a typical workflow of specializing AI to solve Earth scientific problems are decomposed and analyzed. Eventually, it concludes with the grand challenges and reveals the opportunities to give some guidance and pre-warnings on allocating resources wisely to achieve the ambitious Earth AI goals in the future.

The model of digital transformation of the system of scientific and technical information into the ecosystem of the digital environment of scientific and technological knowledge

The model of digital transformation of the system of scientific and technical information into the ecosystem of the digital environment of scientific and technological knowledge

The role of modern libraries in the development of the national system of scientific and technical information

The role of modern libraries in the development of the national system of scientific and technical information

The Optimization Strategy of College Students' Ideological and Political Management under the Internet+ Environment.

In order to better deal with the challenges brought by the changes of the external environment to the ideological and political work of college students and better solve the problems of dogma, lack of operability, and inability to adapt to the changes of the new situation and environment, this topic proposes a student management information system based on the artificial neural network. This method strengthens the construction of the student management system, deeply interprets the connotation and practical needs of ideological and political work in colleges and universities in the new environment under the background of the “Internet+” era, and is committed to further optimizing the strategy of student ideological and political work on the basis of following the principles of innovation, human nature, openness, and ecology of ideological and political work. The results show that the construction of a more scientific student teaching management information system can provide intelligent and digital technical support for the improvement of ideological and political work efficiency and teaching quality and promote the innovative development of ideological and political work in colleges and universities. Therefore, the ideological and political work in colleges and universities should gradually overcome preaching, build new methods to measure students' achievements and ideological and political arms, actively occupy the dominant power of Internet discourse, and avoid the negative impact of the network by spreading positive energy.

Ethics in Information Systems and Design Science Research: Five Perspectives

While ethics are recognized as an integral part of information systems (IS) research, many questions about the role of ethics in research practice remain unanswered. Our report responds to this emerging set of concerns with a broad and integrative account of five perspectives on ethics in IS research and design science research (DSR) in particular. Our report is informed by a broad literature review, a panel discussion at DESRIST 2020, and substantial personal experience from wrestling with ethical considerations in the field. The report provides a comprehensive discussion of prevailing perspectives on ethics and the implications for IS research. Together, we hope the report will inspire more ethics-conscious and responsible IS research.

THE CONTENT OF RESEARCH TASKS USED IN THE COURSE OF COMPREHENSIVE FIELD PRACTICE IN BIOLOGY

This article discusses issues related to the methodology of organizing a comprehensive field training practice of students in the specialty "Biology". Field training practice in the specialty 6B01517 - " Biology" is conducted comprehensively in the disciplines of "Soil Science","Plant physiology","Genetics","Methods of teaching biology" and "Evolution". In field training practice in biological disciplines, the requirements for the preparation of research assignments are systematized. In addition, the content of the stages of students' activities in the process of performing educational research tasks is described. In a comprehensive field training practice, the content of tasks is given, which should set the student a task that he must solve, and teach him to solve it with the help of appropriate experiments and observations. Each task performed in field training practice should teach the student to solve a problem that helps him to make decisions through experiment and observation. If necessary, each work should be reviewed, and it should be a small, simple, complete study. The student should be able to discuss the results of his experience with the teacher, as well as draw conclusions from it so that he can get a clear and precise answer to the question posed. It is important that every experience ends to the end. These basic strict pedagogical rules must be followed. When developing the content of the educational field of biology practice, we are guided by the following provisions: integration of education support through the use of interdisciplinary connections; differentiation of scientific information-to preserve the internal structure of the discipline, the development of the scientific information system and its systemic perception, optimization of the logical structure of the topic is necessary; strengthening the direction of professional training. The article also discusses a number of requirements that research tasks must meet during field training in a biological discipline. The content of educational field practice is described in the form of an accumulated system of educational and research tasks in biological disciplines

Applying Design Science Research for Developing Business Artifacts

The paper introduces a theoretical substantiation of applying the Design Science Research process in Business Analytics approaches. Nowadays, Business Analytics, as part of information systems science and closely related to the business environment, offer innovative support to various business analysis. The key issues of the Design Science Research process are business artifacts. Our proposal is focused on data model and data visualizations, two main business artifacts in Business Analytics. Theoretical considerations are implemented in a sustainability analysis.