Hardware Design Of System Research Articles

Perancangan Blind Stick Berbasis ESP32 dengan Sensor Ultrasonik untuk Membantu Mobilitas Penyandang Tunanetra

Mobility is one of the major challenges for visually impaired individuals in their daily activities. Visual impairments make it difficult for them to detect obstacles around them, increasing the risk of injury. This study aims to design and develop a smart stick based on ESP32, equipped with an ultrasonic sensor, to assist the mobility of visually impaired people. The system uses ultrasonic sensors to detect the distance of objects and provides early warnings to users through a buzzer, with varying rhythms depending on the proximity of objects. The research methodology includes system design and development of hardware and software, as well as direct testing on visually impaired users. The test results show that the system can detect obstacles with 95% accuracy at distances up to 200 cm, and provide appropriate responses based on the distance of detected objects. In addition, this prototype is energy-efficient, allowing for prolonged use without frequent recharging. This study provides a practical solution to enhance the independence and safety of visually impaired individuals in daily activities, with the potential for further development to improve detection accuracy and user comfort.

Development of 16MeV compact cyclotron RF system with solid-state amplifier and fully digital controller

State Power Investment Corporation (SPIC) developed a 16 MeV compact cyclotron for producing medical radioactive isotope 18F. The cyclotron radio frequency (RF) system's architecture and hardware design as well as the control algorithms and software design are discussed and tested in this paper. The RF system includes a RF cavity, a 16 kW 38.44 MHz RF solid-state amplifier (SSA), power transmission line systems and a fully digitalized low-level RF (LLRF) unit. The RF cavity consists of two dees, a coarse tuning plate, a fine-tuning plate, a RF feeding port, a RF pickup port with a compact size and relatively low power dissipation. The RF amplifier adopts an all-solid-state compact design without any circulator as this cyclotron operates at a relatively lower frequency, and cooperates with the digital LLRF system to realize RF power feed-in at low frequency. By using LLRF featuring functions of tuning control, amplitude control, and phase control, the RF system achieved cavity frequency tuning, closed loop amplitude and phase regulations of the cavity. Through a fully digitalized low-level design, the system realized parameterized configuration capabilities. By adopting non-IQ RF direct sampling, the efficient noise suppression control was achieved. To reduce the maintenance and operational complexity of the system, the system adopted a novel hybrid frequency tuning algorithm that could enable rapid tuning control of cyclotron cavity. Based on a brand-new parameterized automated RF running process, the system realized automatic RF power-up procedure. In beam commissioning, the measured amplitude stability of the RF system was better than 0.1% and phase stability was better than 0.3∘. The design and performance test results of the RF system will be presented in this paper.

Control System Hardware Design, Analysis and Characterization of Electromagnetic Diaphragm Pump

In this article, a novel electromagnetic diaphragm pump design controlled by an Arduino NANO microcontroller is proposed to pump liquid inside the pumping chamber completely separated from mechanical and transmission parts. The prototype is primarily based on alternating the polarity of two electromagnets that attract or repel a permanent magnet located on a flexible diaphragm. The system hardware layout is completed by electronic components:. an Arduino NANO microcontroller created by Atmel, Headquarters San Jose, California. and display within the cabinet to control the polarization of the electromagnets and exhibit the temperature inside the pump. The electromagnetic pump and control system consist of innovative approaches as a solution for the treatment of unclean water and integration with solar panel systems. In addition, the measurement tests of the electromagnetic pump, including the temperatures of electromagnets and the quantity of the pumped liquid within the chamber, indicate a dependence on the selected speed of the electromagnet’s polarization. The electromagnetic pump achieves high efficiency as a combination of the temperature and the amount of liquid that can be regulated and controlled by the switching speed of the electromagnet’s polarization.

Design and Experimental Testing of Extended-Range Power Supply System for 15 Horsepower Electric Tractor

Electric tractors have many advantages, including high torque, excellent controllability, energy efficiency, a simple structure, and an electric interface for expansion. However, a significant limitation lies in their endurance. This study presents the design of an extended-range power supply system to ensure continuous endurance for an electric tractor. The objective is to provide a continuous power source for our self-developed electric tractor while preserving the benefits of electric propulsion. Extended-range power systems utilize a primary mover, typically an oil-fueled internal combustion engine, to drive the generator for electricity generation, and the generated AC-form electricity is subsequently converted into stable DC bus voltage by a power electronic converter. The hardware and control design of an extended-range power supply system are finalized and validated through experimental trials. The results demonstrate the system’s capability to sustain stable DC bus voltage amidst disruptions such as sudden load shifts and fluctuations in the prime mover’s speed. Even with a 50% sudden load change, the voltage drop is within 12% and can recover to ±3% within 4 s. The extended-range can be used alone without a battery to power the electric tractor, or it can used in parallel with other extended ranges or batteries for power sharing thanks to the droop control ability.

Hardware circuit design of intelligent fast charger control system

Hardware circuit design of intelligent fast charger control system

MPPT constraint conditions based on four-parameter cell model for some usual photovoltaic systems

Hitherto there is no work to specially analyze in detail the question when the maximum power point (MPP) of the photovoltaic (PV) system exists and when it disappears. It has caused the difficulty in the hardware and software designs of the PV system when the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control must be implemented all the time. To solve this question, in this paper, the MPPT constraint conditions (MPPTCC) of the 12 usual PV systems are proposed under ideal conditions and expressed by the model parameters of the four-parameter cell model in the engineering application. They are the necessary and sufficient conditions to guarantee the existence of the MPPs of these 12 PV systems. Meanwhile, they also disclose the inherent relationships between load (or bus voltage) and cell parameters when the MPP of the PV system always exists. In addition, to apply them in practice, their expressions in practical application are also presented. Finally, some simulation experiments verify the reasonableness and accuracy of these MPPTCC in practical application, and test the influence of the varying weather to the MPPT range. By this work, the possible failure of the MPPT control arising from the occasional disappearance of the MPP of the PV system can be completely avoided. Therefore, the findings in this work can be used as the theory foundation for the hardware design, theoretical research and product installation of the PV system.

Design of an Arduino-based intelligent logistics cart

With the achievement of the first centenary goal, we will strive for another 15 years on this basis, aiming to achieve socialist modernization by 2035. The concept of intelligent production is receiving increasing attention, with the logistics industry being a representative sector. Currently, traditional logistics operations are unable to meet the high requirements of modern society due to problems such as high labor costs, poor safety, and low efficiency. In order to change the current situation of the traditional logistics industry, more intelligent equipment is needed to replace labor-intensive manual handling work. In this era, an Arduino-controlled intelligent logistics cart emerges as a development trend. This paper designs and develops an Arduino-controlled intelligent logistics cart, taking the Yunnan Province University Student Engineering Training Comprehensive Ability Competition as an application scenario. It achieves functions such as automatic tracking, intelligent recognition of block colors, automatic scanning of QR codes to obtain tasks, and all-round grasping of objects. The design of this intelligent logistics cart involves hardware selection, system design, and structural design.

Design of ignition control system for failed spacecraft array solid thruster

The life of micro-nano spacecraft is generally short. In order to solve the problem of space debris endangering space safety after its failure and make it deorbit quickly, this paper has carried out the hardware system design and software system design of the ignition control system of the failed spacecraft attitude adjustment solid thruster. In order to facilitate the realization of high integration, the hardware system adopts the array arrangement circuit and selects the MOSFET as the driving switch. The software system receives the ignition command from the spacecraft platform and enables the row and column control terminals of the ignition circuit to achieve addressing ignition. The results show that the control module can correctly receive the instructions from the spacecraft platform and make the correct ignition action, successfully complete the attitude adjustment task, and improve the reliability of the deorbiting of the failed spacecraft.

Development of the interferometer control system on HFRC

The CO2 laser interferometer is an important diagnostic system in the HUST Field Reversed Configuration (HFRC) and can provide routine electron density measurement for plasma experiments. A commercial laser (λ = 10.6 μm) with a maximum output power of 20 watts is used as the laser source for the interferometer, which can pose a threat to the safety of experimenters and experimenters' experimental environment. Moreover, most of the components of the system are sensitive to the temperature and humidity of the environment. For the aim of safe and stable operation, it is necessary to develop a CO2 interferometer control system (CICS). A module was innovatively designed with a servo to regulate power according to commands and protect timely when a fault takes place. Additionally, a special device using a stepper motor can automatically regulate and release the laser according to the different stages of the experiment. The hardware design of the CO2 control system incorporates the ESP32 microcontroller, servo and stepper motor, which can automatically monitor, regulate and protect in case a fault takes place. The software implementation of the interaction is based on the OneNET platform and is first used on the CO2 interferometer, linking in the Internet based on Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to each sensor and device in the control system, which can achieve visualization monitoring and remote control. With the operation of CICS, the CO2 interferometer can run stably and be timely protected.

Hardware Circuits and Systems Design for Post-Quantum Cryptography—A Tutorial Brief

Hardware Circuits and Systems Design for Post-Quantum Cryptography—A Tutorial Brief

Design of an acoustic direction finding system based on split array frequency domain beamforming algorithm

According to the technical requirement, the principle of the acoustic direction finding and positioning algorithm is introduced, and based on the engineering implementation requirements of split array frequency domain beam forming algorithm, a hardware implementation method based on FPGA +DSP is introduced, which use FPGA to realize the logic control and two pieces of MS320C6678 multi-core DSP to realize the digital beam forming. The hardware system design scheme can realize the program-controlled amplification, filtering, collection, real-time data storage and beam forming processing of the multi-channel acoustic analog signals for acoustic receiving array. At the same time, it can also communicate with the upper computer to achieve upper computer instructions, data transmission, and parameter settings. It has been verified through engineering practice that this scheme has high data processing efficiency and reliable direction finding calculation effect.

Development of a digital low-level RF system for the STCF

With the development of particle physics, higher requirements are put forward for the brightness and energy of the collider. A new collider — the Super Tau-Charm Facility (STCF) — is under study in China. To meet the high acquirement of the quality of the beam, a digital low-level RF (LLRF) system that achieves high stability plays a critical role as a part of the microwave system of Linacs. This paper introduces the design of a digital LLRF system that works in the S-band (2856 MHz) as required by Linacs of the STCF. The system architecture and hardware design as well as the control algorithms and software design are discussed and tested. The system includes a signal source, a frequency synthesis system and an IF signal processor. The phase noise of the signal source is as low as 20.3 fs, and the low-level IF signal processor adopts amplitude and phase control by a PI-type controller. They jointly realize ultra-low phase noise signal output. The table experiments show that the short-term amplitude and phase stability of the system is better than 0.01% and 0.01°, respectively. The beam experiments show that the closed-loop phase stability in the cavity is about 0.1°. The results prove that the LLRF system meets the requirement of the STCF.

Retracted: Hardware Optimization and System Design of Elliptic Curve Encryption Algorithm Based on FPGA

Retracted: Hardware Optimization and System Design of Elliptic Curve Encryption Algorithm Based on FPGA

Design of remote acquisition system for ecological water demand information of an estuarine wetland

In order to improve data coverage and data collection efficiency, the design method for a remote collection system of ecological water demand information of an estuarine wetland is proposed. The hardware design of the remote information acquisition system is realized through the overall structure design, the Unified Modeling Language (UML), system outline design, system logic design, and system module division. The information is acquired by polling, and the acquisition frequency is adjusted according to the actual situation and user needs. In the system software design, the Scale-invariant feature transform algorithm (SIFT) is used to extract the image features of the estuarine wetland, and a support vector machine is used to cluster the collected information according to the image features to realize the remote acquisition of water demand information of the estuarine wetland. The experimental results show that the maximum data coverage of the proposed method is 95%, and the data acquisition time is less than 0.2 h, indicating that the proposed method has high information acquisition efficiency and high data coverage.

Development and Evaluation of an IoT-Based Monitoring System for Patchouli Cultivation: An Integrated Approach to Enhance Agricultural Efficiency

This study investigates the application of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in agriculture, focusing on the cultivation of patchouli, a medicinal plant known for its therapeutic properties. The research highlights the specific growth requirements and medicinal benefits of patchouli, and proposes a monitoring system based on ZigBee technology. The system's hardware design incorporates cc2530 and esp8266 chips for wireless data transmission, while communication between the OneNET cloud server and the MySQL database is managed through MQTT, TCP/IP, and HTTP protocols. This integration showcases the potential of IoT to significantly enhance agricultural efficiency by providing real-time data collection and analysis, leading to informed decision-making and improved crop yields. The study underscores the transformative impact of IoT on agricultural practices, highlighting its role in fostering sustainable and efficient farming methods.

Exploring Embedded System Tackling Design Challenges Methodology and Optimization Strategies

The current design methodologies are no longer relevant due to the complex nature of embedded products and the need for quick development. The relevance of the present state of embedded system technology is highlighted, emphasizing the need to resolve design problems, implement optimization techniques, and create development processes for embedded systems. We fully focus on the safety and security of your design when we are solving a problem, especially for embedded systems applications that are critical to mission success. A strong understanding of embedded system hardware and software design is necessary in order to implement the strategies and methodologies of embedded system development. This is due to the fact that embedded systems comprise both software and hardware. These kinds of constraints include things like time constraints that are applied in real time, interactive designs, validation, and extensive testing.

Development of a High‐Frequency Ophthalmic Real‐Time Ultrasound Imaging System Based on a 20 MHz Annular‐Array Transducer

Objective. Ophthalmic ultrasound imaging is a widely used diagnostic method for examining ophthalmic diseases in the clinic. A single‐element transducer is adopted in the traditional ophthalmic ultrasound imaging systems. Although full depth focusing can be achieved using a linear‐array transducer, it is unsuitable for ophthalmic imaging due to its inability to be tightly coupled to the eyeball and its higher cost. Annular‐array‐based systems provide an alternative, striking a balance between image quality and cost. Methods. Here, we present a newly developed high‐frequency ophthalmic real‐time ultrasound imaging system based on an annular‐array transducer. This system uses a custom‐made five‐element, 20 MHz annular‐array transducer encapsulated in a stainless steel housing and mounted in a commercially available handheld mechanical probe designed specifically for clinical ophthalmic imaging. The system uses a printed circuit board scheme and FPGA as the core to complete the hardware system design and realize the ultrasonic echo signal processing and system timing management. Full depth dynamic focusing of each scanning beam was achieved by designing the transmit and receive beamforming. Combined with advanced integrated circuits, the miniaturization and low cost of the overall system are realized. Results. Extensive tests, including hardware, wire phantom, and tissue mimicking phantom measurements, were conducted to demonstrate good performance of the system. The results showed that the designed system can effectively improve the imaging resolution and enhance the depth of field of the image, particularly reducing the blind area of the near‐field. Conclusion. The high‐frequency ophthalmic real‐time ultrasound imaging system based on an annular‐array transducer meets the needs of clinical diagnosis and has a good clinical application prospect.

COSMIC: An Ethernet-based Commensal, Multimode Digital Backend on the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array for the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence

The primary goal of the search for extraterrestrial intelligence is to gain an understanding of the prevalence of technologically advanced beings (organic or inorganic) in the Galaxy. One way to approach this is to look for technosignatures: remotely detectable indicators of technology, such as temporal or spectral electromagnetic emissions consistent with an artificial source. With the new Commensal Open-Source Multimode Interferometer Cluster (COSMIC) digital backend on the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA), we aim to conduct a search for technosignatures that is significantly more comprehensive, sensitive, and efficient than previously attempted. The COSMIC system is currently operational on the VLA, recording data and designed with the flexibility to provide user-requested modes. This paper describes the hardware system design, the current software pipeline, and plans for future development.

HARDWARE DESIGN OF THE TOUCHLESS HAND CODE AND CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS - BASED AUTOMATIC DOOR SECURITY SYSTEM

The spread of viruses and bacteria through touching door surfaces is essential in maintaining public hygiene and health. In this context, a hand-coded touchless automatic door hardware design has been developed to reduce the spread of diseases through touch. This research aims to create a plan that includes interface development and hardware design to open and close doors automatically without contact. In this research, the automatic door hardware response is tested based on the numeric input from the hand code represented by the numeric database. The input and output control is connected to Python's graphical user interface (GUI). The GUI system design involves tools to connect the Python programming language and the Arduino microcontroller. Based on the experimental results, the hardware design of the automatic door security system based on hand code and Convolutional Neural Networks functions appropriately.

6G Hardware System Design and Packaging Needs

Presentation Outline: • Beamforming Architectures • Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces • Package Integration Trends – Antenna-in-package – Embedded filters, power dividers – Tunable FSS