Design Of Tracking System Research Articles

Performance improvement of two-axis solar tracking system by using flat-mirror reflectors

This work studied the performance improvement of a two-axis solar tracking system by using flat-mirror reflectors. The two- and four-sided flat-mirror reflectors were set on the solar panel with angles of 90°, 120°, and 150° between the panel and flat-mirror reflectors. The highest efficiency, electrical power, and current were observed for four-sided flat mirrors at the angle of 120°, followed by two-sided flat mirrors at the angle of 120°, two-sided flat mirrors at the angle of 150°, two-sided flat mirrors at the angle of 90°, four-sided flat mirrors at the angle of 150°, and four-sided flat mirrors at the angle of 90°, respectively, because when the four-sided flat mirrors were mounted at a suitable degree of 120°, this improved the collected irradiance. At 90°, the four-sided flat mirrors blocked more solar rays than the two-sided ones. At 150°, the angle was too big for the solar ray to be reflected to the solar panel. The results indicated that the performance of the solar tracking system (efficiency, electrical power, and current) was affected by the number and angle of flat mirrors. The results of this study can be applied for the efficient performance of a novel solar tracking system design. This will be beneficial for the use of solar energy.

Fuzzy control system design for wheel slip prevention and tracking of desired speed profile in electric trains

AbstractThis study proposes an anti‐slip control system for electric trains based on the fuzzy logic theory, which prevents the wheels from slipping during the acceleration and simultaneously tracks the desired speed profile. To improve the control performance, the train longitudinal velocity and the slip ratio are estimated. By using a field‐oriented control (FOC), the angular speed of the traction motor is controlled. The fuzzy control system determines the desired angular speed of the traction motor as the reference input of FOC to obtain the desired slip ratio and track the desired speed profile. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the control system in various wheel–rail surface conditions based on the real parameters of ER24PC locomotive.

A New Design Arduino-Based Dual Axis Solar Tracking System

Green and clean energy depends meanly on the Solar energy, especially at urban area. This paper presents the Arduino-based new design of dual-axis solar tracking system with high-efficiency using through the use of five-point sunlight sensors. The main objective of this research is to convert the maximum sunlight to electrical power by auto movement of the solar panel. This research is divided into two stages, first stage related to hardware design and the second related to software development. In hardware design, five light dependent resistors (LDR) have been used for tracking light direction source. Two linear actuators have been used to move the solar panel towards the maximum light intensity direction by using LDR sensors. Moreover, the software is constructed using C++ programming language and uploaded to the Arduino UNO platform. The efficiency of the designed tracking system has been examined and compared with fixed and single axis solar tracker and results shows that the new system has better efficiency than the fixed or single axis system.

Design and Practical Implementation of Dual-Axis Solar Tracking System with Smart Monitoring System

Design and Practical Implementation of Dual-Axis Solar Tracking System with Smart Monitoring System

Design and Implementation of Marine Ship Tracking System Based on Multi-Target Tracking Algorithm

Zhang, P.C., 2020. Design and implementation of marine ship tracking system based on multi-target tracking algorithm. In: Al-Tarawneh, O. and Megahed, A. (eds.), Recent Developments of Port, Marine, and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 110, pp. 47–49. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.In order to realize the multiple target tracking in a complicated Marine environment, we design a Marine ship tracking system based on the multiple target tracking algorithm. Based on an overview of the principles of distributed adaptive multi-sensor multi-target tracking algorithm, we use MO components to create ocean ship tracking system platform, achieve the real-time massive amounts of data processing, and has a good human-computer interaction interface, as well as realize the C ++ language efficiency and visualization functions, it provides a system platform for the tracking, positioning, command and dispatch of marine ships.

Optimal design of the solar tracking system of parabolic trough concentrating collectors

Abstract The present work aimed to select the optimum solar tracking mode for parabolic trough concentrating collectors using numerical simulation. The current work involved: (1) the calculation of daily solar radiation on the Earth’s surface, (2) the comparison of annual direct solar radiation received under different tracking modes and (3) the determination of optimum tilt angle for the north-south tilt tracking mode. It was found that the order of solar radiation received in Shanghai under the available tracking modes was: dual-axis tracking > north-south Earth’s axis tracking > north-south tilt tracking (β = 15°) > north-south tilt tracking (β = 45) > north-south horizontal tracking > east-west horizontal tracking. Single-axis solar tracking modes feature simple structures and low cost. This study also found that the solar radiation received under the north-south tilt tracking mode was higher than that of the north-south Earth’s axis tracking mode in 7 out of 12 months. Therefore, the north-south tilt tracking mode was studied separately to determine the corresponding optimum tilt angles in Haikou, Lhasa, Shanghai, Beijing and Hohhot, respectively, which were shown as follows: 18.81°, 27.29°, 28.67°, 36.21° and 37.97°.

An automatic multi-axis solar tracking system in Ramadi city: design and implementation

In this paper, a complete design and implementation of an automatic Multi-Axis solar tracking system has been introduced. The main purpose of this system is to track Sun location and gain the maximum energy output of the solar panels. The system is Multi-axis using microcontroller and photocells to control the direction of the penal, whereas the penal is facing the sun at all times of the day. The system is a combination of hardware and software parts that work concurrently to achieve a precise angular Sun tracking. A Base, Penal Frame, Super Jack Motors, high-efficiency Solar Panel, Arduino Uno microcontroller, Relays, Rechargeable battery, Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) have been used for the system’s hardware part. These hardware parts need a high-level programming code, as a software part, to be embedded in the microcontroller to get an effective and precise solar tracking system. The results of the presented system were compared to a fixed direction system. The results show significant efficiency improvement of 24% over the static one. For a city like Ramadi, which has a high irradiance all over the year, it is very fruitful to use such tracking systems along with photovoltaic installation systems.<div align="center"> </div>

Design of IRNSS Tracking System using 1.5 bit ADPLL and Correlator

IRNSS is an indigenous satellite navigation system consisting of 7 satellites that provide accurate positioning in the Indian sub-continent region. Each IRNSS satellite transmits a signal which contains information regarding satellite orbital and clock parameters (known as navigation message). The purpose of the receiver is to demodulate the satellite signal and extract navigation message, the receiver must know certain parameters of the signal like its doppler shift and code offset. However, in real-time, due to relative velocity of the satellite and ionospheric interference, these parameters vary with time. Therefore, the receiver must continuously perform the tracking operation to update the varying parameters. Existing tracking systems are based on SDR and SoC’s, which require high-performance processors and iterative algorithms to perform both carrier and phase tracking. Though they are highly accurate, these designs are complex and expensive. In this paper, 1.5-bit ADPLL is used to track the carrier. This design does not require numerous computational loops to perform tracking of the carrier, thus reducing the complexity of the design. This work includes simulation results for 1.5-bit ADPLL. In this work, 2-bit, 1.5-bit, and modified 1.5-bit correlators are simulated and synthesized. It was found that modified 1.5-bit correlator architecture is less complex compared to 2-bit correlator and offers better SNR compared to 1.5-bit correlator. Therefore, modified 1.5-bit correlator is used for code tracking. The IRNSS signal tracking is performed in ModelSim. The system utilizes 77 standard LUTs and exhibit maximum settling time of 714μs and 31.28ms for carrier tracking and code tracking, respectively.

Pilot Low-Cost Concentrating Solar Power Systems Deployment in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case Study of Implementation Challenges

Electricity is one of the most crucial resources that drives any given nation’s growth and development. The latest Sustainable Development Goals report indicates Africa still has a high deficit in electricity generation. Concentrating solar power seems to be a potential option to fill the deficit. That is because most of the components of concentrating solar power plants are readily available on the African market at affordable prices, and there are qualified local persons to build the plants. Pilot micro-concentrating solar power plants have been implemented in Sub-Saharan Africa and have shown promising results that could be expanded and leveraged for large-scale electricity generation. An assessment of a pilot concentrating solar power plant in the sub-region noticed one noteworthy obstacle that is the failure of the tracking system to reduce the operating energy cost of running the tracking control system and improve the multifaceted heliostat focusing behavior. This paper highlights the energy situation and the current development in concentrating solar power technology research in Africa. The paper also presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art solar tracking systems for central receiver systems to illustrate the current direction of research regarding the design of low-cost tracking systems in terms of computational complexity, energy consumption, and heliostat alignment accuracy.

Retracted: Design of Target Detection and Tracking System for Sports Video

Video motion target tracking has been widely used in the field of sports. Content-based video search has a broad application prospect and attracts more and more researchers’ attention. In view of the shortcomings of moving object detection in motion video at present, a human motion recognition method based on correlation vector machine is proposed. Combined with the improved Gaussian mixture model of moving object detection and tracking method in motion video, moving object detection and tracking are carried out. The design of the system is realized. Firstly, it collects sports videos, considers all kinds of sports objects in sports videos, uses improved background update difference method to detect sports objects, then uses correlation vector machine to recognize human motion, and finally uses AdaBoost classifier to use it in multiple sports videos and sports objects. Carry out follow-up experiments. Results in this way, we can track the sports target in sports video accurately and quickly, and the real-time performance of sports target tracking is better than other tracking methods, which provides a new research tool for tracking sports target in sports video.

Design of Port Enterprise Logistics Vehicle Location Tracking System Based on Big Data

Ren, H., 2020. Design of port enterprise logistics vehicle location tracking system based on big data. In: Yang, Y.; Mi, C.; Zhao, L., and Lam, S. (eds.), Global Topics and New Trends in Coastal Research: Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 103, pp. 873–876. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.To realize the real-time tracking of port enterprise logistics vehicle location, a big data-based location tracking system for port enterprise logistics vehicle is designed. With the support of large data network framework, establishing standardized port logistics tracking network, then according to the practical application of data back communication principle, perfect logistics vehicles position back every supply chain link, combine multiple trace elements, implementation is based on large data port logistics vehicle position tracing system smooth application. Practical test results show that, during the whole traceability period, the correlation coefficient between big data information variables and port enterprises' logistics vehicle location has always maintained an obvious restriction and influence relationship, so as to solve the problem that the real-time tracking efficiency of vehicle location is not up to standard.

Route planning and track keeping control for ships based on the leader-vertex ant colony and nonlinear feedback algorithms

This paper aims at rapid route planning and tracking system design of intelligent ship. For rapid route planning, leader-vertex ant colony optimization (LVACO) algorithm is proposed based on the ant colony optimization (ACO), which ensures a leader of ant colony and optimizes the route by vertex method. For track keeping control, the indirect track keeping controller is designed, which utilizes the nonlinear feedback control and line of sight (LOS) algorithm. The nonlinear feedback control means that the feedback error of controller is decorated by the bipolar sigmoid function. Simulation results show that the route given by LVACO algorithm is less time to use and more suitable for navigation. Besides, compared with back-stepping control, the nonlinear feedback control saves more energy and mitigates abrasion of steering gear, simultaneously, obtains a better control effect.

A Prototype solar tracking system design and implementation

In this work comparison between the results of the first systems is a fixed solar and the second is the sun tracking in an attempt to increase the proportion of electricity production. Here a microcontroller (Arduino) and the light-dependent resistor (LDR) photo detector is used in this tracker. And then compare the results in different weather conditions and on different days to test the efficiency of the two systems. The efficiency of the tracking system is better than the fixed system by 12.3% on a sunny day and 4.9% on a partly cloudy day. However, it failed by 3.3% on a cloudy day. With a sunny day preference in the tracking system at 6.9% of partially cloudy days, and 12.1% with partially cloudy to a cloudy day. And verified from The efficiency of the work of the microcontroller (Arduino) system and the optical detector (LDR).

Proposed Design for Single Axis Photovoltaic Solar Tracker

Our energy needs increase day by day, so the search for a renewable source of energy has become a necessity of life. Photovoltaic solar energy (PVSE) is one of the most important sources in our community because it is clean and renewable. This paper discusses improvement the production energy from this source by using practical design of single axis solar tracking system. The designed solar tracking system used microcontroller Arduino Mega, real time clock (RTC), limit switches and servo motor. The mechanism of the designed solar tracker is applied by moving the solar structure to track the sun on better angle to be perpendicular to the sun to get the most energy from it using the RTC and limit switches. Comparison between solar tracking system and fixed system reveal that the system is more economic and larger power production. This tracking system is designed and tested in real environmental in Qena governorate in Egypt. The 10 kW solar power plants are used as a case study for this system. Comparison between the proposed solar tracking system and the solar fixed system for the same demand is performed using PVsyst software as theoretically. Also, economic viability between the two practical systems is produced.

Design of Dynamic Tracking System for Unmanned Intelligent Vehicle Trajectory Based on Inversion Method

When using automatic driving control system to track vehicle trajectory dynamically, there are certain errors in tracking curve. A dynamic tracking system for unmanned intelligent vehicle (UIV) trajectory based on inversion method is designed. The monitoring module transmits the information collected by the camera and the obstacle, edge and battery information judged by the sensor to the monitoring and control terminals through the TCP network communication protocol. At the visual end and the control end, according to the received information, the control end makes corresponding operation instructions for the UIV and transmits them to the inversion controller to control, so that the position and prediction error of the tracking system tends to zero. The vehicle kinematics model is made linear by system software to obtain the vehicle’s kinematics linear tracking error model to predict the future behaviour of the vehicle. Back-stepping control algorithm is used to complete the dynamic tracking of the unmanned intelligent vehicle trajectory. The experimental results show that the distance deviation is controlled in the range of ± 0.1 m and the azimuth deviation is in the range of ± 5°. The system can track the reference trajectory accurately and quickly in different scenarios as simulated using vortex seal time multimedia dynamics platform.

Design of Solar Energy Automatic Tracking System Based on STC89C52

This paper designs a solar energy automatic tracking system based on STC89C52. The photoelectric sensor collects the sunlight signal. After A/D conversion, the collected signal is sent to STC89C52. After data comparison, MCU sends out control signals. The step motor is used to control the level and pitch angle of the solar panel, so that it always faces the direction of sunlight, and realizes the sunlight tracking. The hardware design includes the minimum system of STC89C52 MCU, sunlight signal acquisition circuit, A/D conversion circuit, key circuit, motor drive circuit, etc. The software is written in C language, including main program, data acquisition subroutine, key reading subroutine, data comparison subroutine, etc. Through physical production and operation debugging, the design function is normal.

Stability Design of Resonance Frequency Tracking System for Sensing Resonator

We propose a novel cascade control system to suppress the relative frequency noise between laser frequency and resonance frequency for improving the stability of resonance frequency tracking of sensing resonator. The phase locking loop (PLL) of the cascade control with optical single sideband (OSSB) modulator is designed to provide a standard reference of the laser frequency for reducing the relative frequency noise in tracking system. And, we precisely extract the closed-loop error signal of the resonance frequency tracking with Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) modulation technology. Then, we theoretically analyze the dynamic model of cascade control system considering relative frequency noise and optical nonlinearity. The algorithm of cascade control system is designed to further improve the stability of resonance frequency tracking for sensing resonator with a prescribed ${H}_{\boldsymbol {\infty }}$ performance. The experimental result shows that the relative frequency noise level is suppressed 30dB. Moreover, the Allan deviation analysis shows that the stability of resonance frequency tracking of sensing resonator compared with the free spectral range (FSR) is improved to ${1.493}\times {10} ^{ -{9}}$ . The experimental results validate the effectiveness of our proposed cascade control system to improve the tracking precision of resonance frequency for sensing resonator.

Design and performance analysis of a solar tracking system with a novel single-axis tracking structure to maximize energy collection

Existing structural designs of various single-axis tracking systems have potentially limited energy production. This paper presents the design and performance analysis of a single-axis tracking system with a novel tracking structure. Tracking mathematic expressions based on the sun-earth geometric relationships and a predicted solar radiation model are presented. The ratio of annual solar radiation incident upon the proposed tracked panel relative to that upon a dual-axis tracked panel is 96.40%. The simulation results show that it has significant advantages over the existing single-axis tracking structures at almost all latitudes. The proposed tracking structure is a competitive choice and will provide a new perspective on enhancing solar energy yield.

Real Time Embedded Target Detection and Warning System

This paper presents the design and implementation of target detection, tracking and warning system. The proposed framework detects and warns about stationary and moving targets. The function of the implemented frame work is to extract specified targets features from specific offline video file or an online video streaming form a Universal Serial Port (USB) camera. A weighted gain filter is utilized for noise cancelation which efficiently enhances the image quality and then improves the detection process. A series of experiments for stationary and moving targets for an online video streaming are carried out on personal computer to evaluate proposed system efficiency. The proposed system efficiently detected and warned about stationary and moving objects in the presence of object occlusion and utilizing low cost USB camera. The potential of the proposed system lies on its simplicity, minimized cost and the software is designed and implemented using python language to be integrated with the USB camera on an embedded board or personal computer for wide range of applications.

Fleet Monitoring System using GSM, GPS and Web Server with Drunken Driving Alerts

This paper explains the design and implementation of an on-demand vehicle tracking and alcohol activity detection system using microcontroller and suitable peripherals. Correct information about a vehicle’s location is extremely important in managing fleet, logistics and cab services. Unfortunately, operators or owners of such services find a tough time to perfectly spot their trucks or vehicles owing to irresponsible, reluctant, untruthful and unlawful drivers. We propose a system based on Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), Global Positioning System (GPS), PIC microcontroller, alcohol sensor etc., which can provide the whereabouts of the vehicle in the form of an SMS to the owner’s mobile phone. A working prototype of the proposed system was created and tested successfully. Such systems will be of great utility to cab and fleet operators in developing countries such as India etc.