Synthetic Hydroxyapatite Research Articles

3D‐Printed Synthetic Hydroxyapatite Scaffold With In Silico Optimized Macrostructure Enhances Bone Formation In Vivo

Abstract3D printing technologies are a promising approach to treat intra‐oral bone defects, especially those with poor regenerative potential. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the impact of internal design specifications on the bone regenerative potential. Here, an in silico approach to optimize the internal design of calcium phosphate‐based scaffolds for bone regeneration is proposed. Based on an in silico model of neotissue formation, a gyroid 3D‐printed scaffold is designed and manufactured using UV stereolithography of bioceramic materials. An orthogonal lattice structure 3D‐printed scaffold and a particulate xenograft are used as control groups. The scaffolds are implanted subperiosteally under a shell on rat calvarium for 4 or 8 weeks and bone neoformation performances are investigated by nanofocus computed tomography and decalcified histology. After 8 weeks, the gyroid group is associated with a higher ingrowth potential of the bone and is characterized by signs of osteoinduction (newly formed bone islands). The bone to material contact is similar between the gyroid and the particulate groups. The present results reinforce this in silico modeling strategy to design calcium phosphate‐based 3D scaffolds and the gyroid experimental internal architecture seems to be highly promising for intra‐oral bone regeneration applications.

A Review on Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Materials Derived from Fish Discards.

This review summarizes the results reported on the production of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) materials derived from fish wastes (i.e., heads, bones, skins, and viscera), known as fish discards, and offers an in-depth discussion on their promising potential for various applications in many fields, especially the biomedical one. Thus, considerable scientific and technological efforts were recently focused on the capability of these sustainable materials to be transformed into economically attractive and highly valuable by-products. As a consequence of using these wastes, plenty of beneficial social effects, with both economic and environmental impact, will arise. In the biomedical field, there is a strong and continuous interest for the development of innovative solutions for healthcare improvement using alternative materials of biogenic origin. Thus, the orthopedic field has witnessed a significant development due to an increased demand for a large variety of implants, grafts, and/or scaffolds. This is mainly due to the increase of life expectancy and higher frequency of bone-associated injuries and diseases. As a consequence, the domain of bone-tissue engineering has expanded to be able to address a plethora of bone-related traumas and to deliver a viable and efficient substitute to allografts or autografts by combining bioactive materials and cells for bone-tissue ingrowth. Among biomaterials, calcium phosphate (CaP)-based bio-ceramics are widely used in medicine, in particular in orthopedics and dentistry, due to their excellent bioactive, osteoconductive, and osteointegrative characteristics. Recently, BCP materials (synthetic or natural), a class of CaP, which consist of a mixture of two phases, hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), in different concentrations, gained increased attention due to their superior overall performances as compared to single-phase formulations. Moreover, the exploitation of BCP materials from by-products of fish industry was reported to be a safe, cheap, and simple procedure. In the dedicated literature, there are many reviews on synthetic HA, β-TCP, or BCP materials, but to the best of our knowledge, this is the first collection of results on the effects of processing conditions on the morphological, compositional, structural, mechanical, and biological properties of the fish discard-derived BCPs along with the tailoring of their features for various applications.

Potential Use of Eggshell as Bone Graft Compared with Bovine for Bone Defect: A Systematic Review Study

Background :
 The use of Bone Graft in the management of Bone Defect is a challenge in the world of orthopedics. Recently, eggshell containing hydroxyapatite has become a new hope in the use of an economical and efficient bone graft in the treatment of bone defects. The aim of this systematic review was to explore the available literature on the clinical performance of eggshells as bone grafts in guided bone regeneration.
 Method :
 Two databases (PubMed and Cochrane) were searched from January 2010 to September 2020. Clinical trials using eggshells as bone grafts were included in the review. Animal and in vivo studies were excluded from the review.
 Results :
 A total of 202 studies were taken, then screened and 15 studies finally included. Clinical and radiological evaluations show complete recovery after the procedure. Comparison with synthetic hydroxyapatite shows similar healing characteristics.
 Conclusion :
 Eggshell compared to bovine showed no difference in bone healing. Within the limitations of the included studies, eggshells can be used safely and efficiently in integrated bone regeneration procedures.
 Keywords: Bone tissue regeneration; eggshell; bovine; bone defect; bone graft

Economic Impact of Developing Value-Added Products from Sri Lankan Eppawala Rock Phosphate Deposit

Many countries rich in natural resources lack sustainable resource management under economic utilization has become a common global issue. However, obtaining the right compensation for natural resources and long-term benefits from resource-related wealth has become a timely requirement. Therefore, the current paper aims to discuss both the economic importance and impact of value addition to Sri Lankan Eppawala rock phosphate (non-renewable resource) via innovative commercial products with a variety of economic benefits to Sri Lanka.
 For that, Eppawala High Grade Rock Phosphate was successfully converted into Eppawala Hydroxyapatite ceramic types with several properties and applications using chemical processes including; solid - state sintering, sol-gel acidified and alcoholic routes, products were analyzed using several characterization techniques to obtain their chemical and physical properties. Next, it was incorporated with Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) and 2- hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) liquid monomers to obtain their composites. Processed composites were analyzed to find out their applicability on biomedical applications, compared and contrasted their properties with currently using commercial bone cement and dental filling material in clinicals. Furthermore, novel product manufacturing costs were compared and contrasted with the raw material costs and commercial product costs to find out Economic impact.
 Results show that Synthesized Eppawala Hydroxyapatite product types can be applied directly as bioceramic material due to its similar characteristics to human hard tissues and its manufacturing cost is lower compared to synthetic Hydroxyapatite commercial product in the market. Processed Eppawala Hydroxyapatite composites are also low cost, can be applied to biomedical applications in the fields of orthopedics, dentistry, profitable than manufacturing fertilizers, and can be exported into the global market and local high-cost imports can be reduced. Considering better performance, low cost and eco-friendliness, novel composites can be applied clinically, export to global market and get much better foreign income into the country and by doing, improve living standards in Sri Lankan citizens.
 Keywords: Sri Lankan Economy, Rock phosphate, Orthopedics, Dentistry, Biomedical applications

Hydroxyapatite Particles from Simulated Body Fluids with Different pH and Their Effects on Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Bone-like hydroxyapatite (HAp) has been prepared by biomimetic synthesis using simulated body fluid (SBF), mimicking inorganic ion concentrations in human plasma, or 1.5SBF that has 1.5-times higher ion concentrations than SBF. In this study, the controllable preparations of HAp particles from 1.5SBF with different pH values were examined. The particles obtained as precipitates from 1.5SBF showed different morphologies and crystallinities depending on the pH of 1.5SBF. Micro-sized particles at pH 7.4 of 1.5SBF had a higher Ca/P ratio and crystallinity as compared with nano-sized particles at pH 8.0 and pH 8.4 of 1.5SBF. However, a mixture of micro-sized and nano-sized particles was obtained from pH 7.7 of 1.5SBF. When Ca2+ concentrations in 1.5SBF during mineralization were monitored, the concentration at pH 7.4 drastically decreased from 12 to 24 h. At higher pH, such as 8.0 and 8.4, the Ca2+ concentrations decreased during pH adjustment and slightly decreased even after 48 h. In this investigation at pH 7.7, the Ca2+ concentrations were higher than pH 8.0 and 8.4.Additionally, cytotoxicity of the obtained precipitates to mesenchymal stem cells was lower than that of synthetic HAp. Controllable preparation HAp particles from SBF has potential applications in the construction of building components of cell scaffolds.

3D-printed polylactide/hydroxyapatite/titania composite filaments

In this study, polylactic acid (PLA) based polymer composite filaments containing titanium dioxide (titania, TiO2), synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA), and natural hydroxyapatite (NHA) have been developed for biomedical applications. By using these composite filaments fabricated, 3D prints were easily printed on the fused deposition modeling (FDM) printer. The chemical and physical properties of PLA/HA/NHA/TiO2 composite prints were investigated. According to the DSC/TGA analysis of the 3D printing samples, the maximum operating temperature of the composites formed in PLA/HA/NHA/TiO2 blends was approximately 300 °C. With the addition of 1% HA/4% TiO2 to PLA, the glass transition temperature was 71 °C and the melting temperature was 167 °C. According to FTIR analysis, HA/NHA/TiO2 additives did not cause a change in the chemical structure of PLA. According to SEM analysis, TiO2 caused raster gaps to decrease and HA caused raster lines to be smoother. In EDX and Mapping analysis, it was seen that HA/NHA/TiO2 was homogeneously distributed in PLA. Stirring the PLA/HA/NHA/TiO2 mixtures at 100 rpm for 12 h was sufficient for homogeneous distribution.

Adsorption of 177Lu from Water by Using Synthetic Hydroxyapatite

Adsorption of 177Lu from Water by Using Synthetic Hydroxyapatite

Nanomaterials-Upconverted Hydroxyapatite for Bone Tissue Engineering and a Platform for Drug Delivery.

Hydroxyapatite is a basic mineral that is very important to the human body framework. Recently, synthetic hydroxyapatite (SHA) and its nanocomposites (HANs) are the subject of intense research for bone tissue engineering and drug loading system applications, due to their unique, tailor-made characteristics, as well as their similarities with the bone mineral component in the human body. Although hydroxyapatite has good biocompatibility and osteoconductive characteristics, the poor mechanical strength restricts its use in non-load-bearing applications. Consequently, a rapid increase in reinforcing of other nanomaterials into hydroxyapatite for the formation of HANs could improve the mechanical properties. Most of the research reported on the success of other nanomaterials such as metals, ceramics and natural/synthetic polymers as additions into hydroxyapatite is reviewed. In addition, this review also focuses on the addition of various substances into hydroxyapatite for the formation of various HANs and at the same time to try to minimize the limitations so that various bone tissue engineering and drug loading system applications can be exploited.

Elaboration and chemical characterization of a composite material based on hydroxyapatite / polyethylene

Due to their likeness in composition to natural tissues, synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles have good biocompatibility, bioactivity, and osteoconductivity and have large applicability in a wide range of fields such as in tissue replacement, drug/gene delivery carriers, and biocompatible coatings. In this study, we synthesize hydroxyapatite by double decomposition method, we carried out the reactions in a water–ethanol medium at pH = 12 and room temperature. Its ceramization and the effect of sintering temperature and forming technique of this ceramic on the chemical and structural behavior, and compare it to natural hydroxyapatite extracted from bovine bones. According to the results obtained from the structural and morphological characterization techniques, the elaborate hydroxyapatite is similar to natural hydroxyapatite and can be used as a bone substitute. The HA powders obtained are modified by different levels of polyethylene. The characterization by different techniques (infrared; DRX; SEM, etc.). All the results of this work allow on the possibility of using these materials in the biomedical field such as in tissue replacement, drug/delivery carriers.

Detonation Spraying of Hydroxyapatite on a Titanium Alloy Implant.

Hydroxyapatite (HA), the major mineral component of tooth enamel and natural bones, is a good candidate for bone tissue engineering. Synthetic HA is used for making coatings on metallic implants intended for medical applications. A HA coating renders the implant biocompatible and osteoinductive. In addition, it improves fixation and the overall performance of the implanted object. In the present work, HA coatings were deposited on a medical titanium alloy implant with mesh geometry and a developed surface by detonation spraying. The feedstock powder was HA obtained by the dry mechanochemical method. Single-phase HA coatings were obtained. The coatings were formed not only on the surfaces normal to the particle flow direction, but also on the sides of the mesh elements. Despite partial melting of the powder, no decomposition of HA occurred. This work demonstrates the prospects of detonation spraying for the production of HA coatings on metallic implants with complex geometries.

Synthesis and characterization of bioinspired nano-hydroxyapatite by wet chemical precipitation

In this work, nanometric hydroxyapatite was added with mineral traces naturally present in mammalian bones. It was synthesized by wet chemical precipitation using Ca(OH)2 obtained from eggshells as a precursor. Subsequent calcination was performed at a low temperature of 250 °C to remove reaction by-products but avoiding the crystal size transition to micrometric sizes. Synthetic hydroxyapatite crystals exhibited irregular-spherical morphologies with a Feret's diameter ranging from 10 to 90 nm. Most importantly, this hydroxyapatite contains levels of Ca, Mg, P, Na, S, Sr, K, Si, Fe, Al, and Ba, close to those reported for mammalian bones. The analysis of the commercial synthetic hydroxyapatite revealed that its crystals form micrometric-like-flakes clusters that do not have additional ions but only Ca and P.

The Effect of Strontium-Substituted Hydroxyapatite Nanofibrous Matrix on Osteoblast Proliferation and Differentiation.

Natural bone tissue consists primarily of bioapatite and collagen. Synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) possesses good biocompatibility, bioactivity, and osteoconductivity due to its chemical and biological similarity to bioapatite. Hence, HA has been widely used as a bone graft, cell carrier and drug/gene delivery carrier. Moreover, strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite (SrHA) can enhance osteogenic differentiation and inhibit adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Hence, SrHA has the potential to be used as a bone graft for bone regeneration. It is widely accepted that cell adhesion and most cellular activities are sensitive to the topography and molecular composition of the matrix. Electrospun polymer or polymer-bioceramic composite nanofibers have been demonstrated to enhance osteoblast differentiation. However, to date, no studies have investigated the effect of nanofibrous bioceramic matrices on osteoblasts. In this study, hydroxyapatite nanofiber (HANF) and strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite nanofiber (SrHANF) matrices were fabricated by electrospinning. The effect of the HANF components on MG63 osteoblast-like cells was evaluated by cell morphology, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and gene expression levels of RUNX2, COLI, OCN and BSP. The results showed that MG63 osteoblast-like cells exhibited higher ALP and gene expression levels of RUNX2, COLI, BSP and OCN on the SrHANF matrix than the HANF matrix. Hence, SrHANFs could enhance the differentiation of MG63 osteoblast-like cells.

Evaluation and comparison of synthesised hydroxyapatite in bone regeneration: As an in vivo study

ObjectivesMany patients suffer from non-repaired bone defects and subsequent aesthetic and psychological problems following bone fractures from accidents. The main goal of the study was to compare and evaluate synthetic hydroxyapatite with xenograft and commercial hydroxyapatite for bone repair and reconstruction. MethodsIn this study, synthetic hydroxyapatite was fabricated and verified. Cytotoxicity tests (i.e., induction coupled plasma [ICP], density and porosity analysis, scanning electron microscope [SEM] analysis, and thiazolyl blue tetrazolium blue [MTT] assay) were performed. Synthetic, xenograft, and commercial hydroxyapatite were tested in the animal study. Finally, bone regeneration was assessed using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. ResultsThe Ca/P ratio was measured for xenograft and commercial samples, and values were lower than those for the synthesised hydroxyapatite. The amount of surface porosity in the synthesised sample was greater than in the commercial and xenograft samples. Additionally, the density of the synthesised hydroxyapatite was lower than that of the xenograft and commercial samples. A small amount of ossification from natural bone margins was observed at 4 weeks in the xenograft and commercial hydroxyapatite group. In the synthetic group, immature bone formation was observed at 4 weeks. The rate of ossification and cell infiltration in the xenograft and commercial hydroxyapatite samples was higher at 8 weeks than at 4 weeks, and this rate was lower than in the synthesised hydroxyapatite group. The synthesised hydroxyapatite group exhibited greater ossification than the xenograft and commercial hydroxyapatite, and control groups at 12 weeks. ConclusionThis study showed that synthesised hydroxyapatite had better effects on bone regeneration and could be used in bone tissue engineering.

Synthesis of Rubidium-doped Calcium Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

Due to high biocompatibility, bioactivity, and natural occurrence in bones and teeth, synthetic calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHAp) is a widely applied biomaterial in tissue engineering, including orthopedic surgery and dentistry. However, the brittle nature and low strength reduce its durability, which can be improved by doping metal ions. Rubidium (Rb) is an essential trace element that works as an antibacterial agent in the human body; therefore, it can be doped in synthetic Ca-HAp to promote its durability. In this work, Rb-doped calcium hydroxyapatite (Rb-HAp) nanoparticles are synthesized by the coprecipitation method at low temperatures. Phase purity, crystallinity, doping level, and mechanical properties are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and micro-hardness tester. It is observed that a minute quantity (≈ 0.02%) of Rb remained in the apatite structure when 5% of Rb+ is doped via in situ method. Moreover, small dopant concentration did not affect the crystal structure and the tensile strength of HAp.

Synthesis and characterization of nano-hydroxyapatite added with magnesium obtained by wet chemical precipitation

Biogenic hydroxyapatites from mammalian bones naturally contain traces of ions, like Mg, which play a vital role in the bone remodeling process. In this way, synthetic hydroxyapatites should include this kind of mineral. In this work, hydroxyapatite added with Mg was synthesized by wet precipitation using (NH4)H2PO4, Ca(NO3)2.4H2O, and Mg(NO3)2.6H2O (0, 0.032, 0.061, and 0.123 ​M). Inductively coupled plasma and X-ray diffraction evidenced the Mg inclusion in the hydroxyapatite lattice in the same levels reported for natural hydroxyapatites. The calcination at 600 ​°C was performed to remove the reaction by-products, but it also gave rise to physicochemical changes as the coalescence and crystals recrystallization. It produced, in turn, an improvement in the crystalline quality, according to Raman analysis. Despite those physicochemical changes, all the samples remained nanometric according to scanning electron microscopy imaging.

Synthetic alkaline-earth hydroxyapatites: Influence of their structural, textural, and morphological properties over Co2+ ion adsorption capacity

Abstract This work addresses the synthesis of nanocrystalline barium, strontium, and calcium hydroxyapatites (Ca-HAps) via the chemical precipitation method, followed by calcination. To give a coherent picture of the most important structural, textural, and morphological properties of these materials and to investigate the influence of these characteristics over Co2+ ion adsorption capacity from aqueous solutions, the powders prepared were systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2-physisorption measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results clearly showed that the Ca-HAp obtained exhibits better nanocrystallinity, greater structural stability, high surface area, high total pore volume, and mesoporosity, compared with the other synthesized hydroxyapatites, and that these physicochemical properties share a direct correlation with favorable Co2+ ion adsorption capacity at room temperature and pressure. The results proved that the physicochemical features of resulting alkaline-earth hydroxyapatites, prepared via the chemical precipitation method, played a fundamental role during the adsorption of heavy metal (with high toxicity) from aqueous solutions.

Repair of Critical Size Bone Defects Using Synthetic Hydroxyapatite or Xenograft with or without the Bone Marrow Mononuclear Fraction: A Histomorphometric and Immunohistochemical Study in Rat Calvaria.

Bone defects are a challenging clinical situation, and the development of hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials is a prolific research field that, in addition, can be joined by stem cells and growth factors in order to deal with the problem. This study compares the use of synthetic hydroxyapatite and xenograft, used pure or enriched with bone marrow mononuclear fraction for the regeneration of critical size bone defects in rat calvaria through histomorphometric (Masson’s staining) and immunohistochemical (anti-VEGF, anti-osteopontin) analysis. Forty young adult male rats were divided into five groups (n = 8). Animals were submitted to critical size bone defects (Ø = 8 mm) in the temporoparietal region. In the control group, there was no biomaterial placement in the critical bone defects; in group 1, it was filled with synthetic hydroxyapatite; in group 2, it was filled with xenograft; in group 3, it was filled with synthetic hydroxyapatite, enriched with bone marrow mononuclear fraction (BMMF), and in group 4 it was filled with xenograft, enriched with BMMF. After eight weeks, all groups were euthanized, and histological section images were captured and analyzed. Data analysis showed that in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 (received biomaterials and biomaterials plus BMMF), a significant enhancement in new bone matrix formation was observed in relation to the control group. However, BMMF-enriched groups did not differ from hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials-only groups. Therefore, in this experimental model, BMMF did not enhance hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials’ potential to induce bone matrix and related mediators.

Effectiveness of various sintering aids on the densification and in vitro properties of carbonated hydroxyapatite porous scaffolds produced by foam replication technique

Synthetic carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) ceramics are considered as future materials for bone substitutes due to their good bioactivity, biocompatibility and similarity to the inorganic mineralized phase of bone. However, limited thermal stability of CHA-based materials due to carbonate content at elevated temperature remains a critical challenge particularly in producing three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds. To address the aforementioned limitation, this paper presents a new approach by incorporating several types of sintering aids, namely Mg(OH)2, Ca(OH)2, NaOH, KOH and K2CO3 into the CHA slurry composition to identify the most effective aid in producing 3D CHA scaffolds in terms of architecture, mechanical and biological properties. This approach focused on physico-chemical, mechanical and biological characteristics that can be helpful in designing scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Five compositions of scaffolds with different sintering aid were prepared by replication technique, sintered at 800 °C and eventually cooled down in wet CO2 atmosphere. Scaffolds prepared with K2CO3 (CHAKC) as sintering aid exhibited optimum interconnected pores with densified struts and the highest compressive strength. Biologically, CHAKC provides the most favorable environment in supporting apatite formation as well as encouraging better cell attachment and activities. Our findings highlight that the use of K2CO3 had effectively enhanced the architecture and compressive strength of the CHA scaffolds without any toxicity evidence.

Pro-inflammatory effects of human apatite crystals extracted from patients suffering from calcific tendinopathy

BackgroundCalcific tendonitis of the rotator cuff is due to carbonated apatite deposits in the shoulder tendons. During the evolution of the disease, an acute inflammatory episode may occur leading to the disappearance of the calcification. Although hydroxyapatite crystal-induced inflammation has been previously studied with synthetic crystals, no data are available with calcifications extracted from patients suffering from calcific tendinopathy. The objective of the study was to explore the inflammatory properties of human calcifications and the pathways involved.MethodsHuman calcifications and synthetic hydroxyapatite were used in vitro to stimulate human monocytes and macrophages, the human myeloid cell line THP-1, and human tenocytes. The release of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 by cells was quantified by ELISA. The gene expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines was evaluated by quantitative PCR. NF-kB activation and NLRP3 involvement were assessed in THP-1 cells using a NF-kB inhibitor and a caspase-1 inhibitor. The inflammatory properties were then assessed in vivo using a mouse air pouch model.ResultsHuman calcifications were able to induce a significant release of IL-1β when incubated with monocytes, macrophages, and THP-1 only if they were first primed with LPS (monocytes and macrophages) or PMA (THP-1). Stimulation of THP-1 by human calcifications led to similar levels of IL-1β when compared to synthetic hydroxyapatite although these levels were significantly inferior in monocytes and macrophages. The patient’s crystals enhanced mRNA expression of pro-IL-1β, as well as IL-18, NF-kB, and TGFβ when IL-6 and TNFα expression were not. IL-1β production was reduced by the inhibition of caspase-1 indicating the role of NLRP3 inflammasome. In vivo, injection of human calcifications or synthetic hydroxyapatite in the air pouch led to a significant increase in membrane thickness although significant overexpression of IL-1β was only observed for synthetic hydroxyapatite.ConclusionsAs synthetic hydroxyapatite, human calcifications were able to induce an inflammatory response resulting in the production of IL-1β after NF-kB activation and through NLRP3 inflammasome. In some experiments, IL-1β induction was lower with human calcifications compared to synthetic apatite. Differences in size, shape, and protein content may explain this observation.

Synthetic nanostructured wollastonite: Composition, structure and “in vitro” biocompatibility investigation

This article describes an original sol-gel (template) method for the synthesis of a dispersed form of nanostructured wollastonite (CaSiO3), its gold nanoparticles (40–60 nm) functionalized form CaSiO3/Au-NPs, and its composite in the composition with 20 mass% of hydroxyapatite CaSiO3/HAp and synthetic hydroxyapatite, that are widely used in medicine for the reconstruction and regeneration of bone defects. The method provides the formation of porous silica carcass in samples with an average pore size of 100–160 nm due to the application of polymer siloxane-acrylate as a pore-forming template. The authors studied the processes of template destruction and phase formation in the composition of samples using TGA/DTA/DSC (thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis/differential scanning calorimetry), and XRD (X-ray diffraction analysis). The methods of SEM (scanning electron microscopy), low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, and mercury porosimetry were used to identify the morphology and study the structural characteristics (Sspec and Vpor, pore size distribution) for dispersed nanostructured samples based on wollastonite and hydroxyapatite. An “in vitro” model was used to study the functional activity (metabolism and cytokine production) of innate immune cells (neutrophils and macrophages) in contact with the obtained samples and to evaluate the viability of cells, the activity of ATPase activity, the number of cationic proteins, and apoptosis of cells. The study is novel for these systems and contributes to the existing knowledge on the biocompatibility for “in vivo” model, which provides a complex evaluation of the quality of wollastonite biomaterials used as grafts.