Synthesized Selenium Nanoparticles Research Articles

Anti-proliferative, apoptotic potential of synthesized selenium nanoparticles against breast cancer cell line (MCF7)

Nano-biotechnology has grown rapidly and become an integral part of modern disease diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this survey was to evaluate the anticancer activity of synthesized selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) against breast cancer cells (MCF-7). The prepared Se-NPs were examined by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). Antioxidant activity of Se-NPs property was studied by radical scavenging (DPPH) assay. The in-vitro cytotoxicity of Se-NPs was evaluated by MTT assay. In addition; the biological assessment (antioxidant and cytotoxicity) of synthesized Se-NPs was examined via molecular docking simulations. Synthesis of Se-NPs was characterized by several studies such as UV-absorbance, showing peak values in the range of 268 nm. Nanoparticle sizes of the nanoparticles are confirmed by dynamic light scattering analysis, indicating that average size is about 203 nm. The quantity of selenium in Se-NPs is 90.15% by weight, as confirmed by EDX. Synthesized Se-NPs have anti-proliferative effects on MCF-7 cell lines. Cytotoxicity and apoptotic potential assays exhibited a dose-dependent effect against MCF-7 cells using an MTT assay. Like anti-cancer activity, anti-oxidant activity of Se-NPs was dose-dependent. Findings showed that the Se-NPs complexes have the highest inhibitory effect against cytotoxic and antioxidant receptors. Results of this study demonstrated that Se-NPs had strong potential to scavenge free radicals and are cytotoxic against the MCF-7 cancer cell line.

Anticariogenic Effect of Selenium Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Brassica oleracea

Selenium is a trace element in the human body present in various enzymes with antioxidant activities and several functional proteins. This study is aimed at synthesizing selenium nanoparticles using Brassica oleracea (broccoli) and characterizing and assessing the antioxidant and antimicrobial effectiveness against cariogenic microorganisms. UV-visible spectrum displayed a peak at 370 nm which confirms the formation of SeNPs. TEM images of synthesized selenium nanoparticles showed polydisperse nanoparticles, spherical. The size of the particles ranged from 10 to 25 nm, and the average particle size obtained was15.2±1.9 nm. SEM images of nanoparticles were spherical and ranged in size from 10 to 28 nm. The SeNPs showed effective antimicrobial activity against cariogenic pathogens. The SeNPs synthesized with Brassica oleracea extract can be incorporated in toothpaste, gums, and mouthwashes that are cost-effective and biocompatible and used for the prevention of dental caries.

Biomedical potential of Anabaena variabilis NCCU-441 based Selenium nanoparticles and their comparison with commercial nanoparticles

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are gaining importance in the field of medicines due to their high surface area and unique properties than their other forms of selenium. In this study, biogenic selenium nanoparticles (B-SeNPs) were synthesized using cyanobacteria and their bioactivities (antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer and biocompatibility) were determined for comparison with commercially available chemically synthesized selenium nanoparticles (C-SeNPs). Color change of reaction mixture from sky blue to orange-red indicated the synthesis of biogenic SeNPs (B-SeNPs). UV–Vis spectra of the reaction mixture exhibited peak at 266 nm. During optimization, 30 °C of temperature, 24 h of time and 1:2 concentration ratio of sodium selenite and cell extract represented the best condition for SeNPs synthesis. Various functional groups and biochemical compounds present in the aqueous extract of Anabaena variabilis NCCU-441, which may have possibly influenced the reduction process of SeNPs were identified by FT-IR spectrum and GC–MS. The synthesized cyanobacterial SeNPs were orange red in color, spherical in shape, 10.8 nm in size and amorphous in nature. The B-SeNPs showed better anti-oxidant (DPPH, FRAP, SOR and ABTS assays), anti-microbial (antibacterial and antifungal) and anti-cancer activitities along with its biocompatibility in comparison to C-SeNPs suggesting higher probability of their biomedical application.

Protective prospects of eco-friendly synthesized selenium nanoparticles using Moringa oleifera or Moringa oleifera leaf extract against melamine induced nephrotoxicity in male rats

Nanotechnology is used in a wide range of applications, including medical therapies that precisely target disease prevention and treatment. The current study aimed firstly, to synthesize selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) in an eco-friendly manner using Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOLE). Secondly, to compare the protective effects of green-synthesized MOLE-SeNPs conjugate and MOLE ethanolic extract as remedies for melamine (MEL) induced nephrotoxicity in male rats. One hundred and five male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into seven groups (n = 15), including 1st control, 2nd MOLE (800 mg/kg BW), 3rd SeNPs (0.5 mg/kg BW), 4th MOLE-SeNPs (200 μg/kg BW), 5th MEL (700 mg/kg BW), 6th MEL+MOLE, and 7th MEL+MOLE SeNPs. All groups were orally gavaged day after day for 28 days. SeNPs and the colloidal SeNPs were characterized by TEM, SEM, and DLS particle size. SeNPs showed an absorption peak at a wavelength of 530 nm, spherical shape, and an average size between 3.2 and 20 nm. Colloidal SeNPs absorption spectra were recorded between 400 and 700 nm with an average size of 3.3−17 nm. MEL-induced nephropathic alterations represented by a significant increase in serum creatinine, urea, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), renal TNFα, oxidative stress-related indices, and altered the relative mRNA expression of apoptosis-related genes Bax, Caspase-3, Bcl2, Fas, and FasL. MEL-induced array of nephrotoxic morphological changes, and up-regulated immune-expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and proliferation-associated nuclear antigen Ki–67. Administration of MOLE or MOLE-SeNPs significantly reversed MEL-induced renal function impairments, oxidative stress, histological alterations, modulation in the relative mRNA expression of apoptosis-related genes, and the immune-expression of renal PCNA and Ki-67. Conclusively, the green-synthesized MOLE-SeNPs and MOLE display nephron-protective properties against MEL-induced murine nephropathy. This study is the first to report these effects which were more pronounced in the MOLE group than the green biosynthesized MOLE-SeNPs conjugate group.

Nano-Bio Selenium Synthesized by Bacillus subtilis Modulates Broiler Performance, Intestinal Morphology and Microbiota, and Expression of Tight Junction's Proteins.

A green and ecofriendly bio-based synthesis of nano selenium particles was performed using the Bacillus subtilis and the products were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. Dietary treatments included a control diet nonsupplemented with selenium and control diet supplemented with different sources of selenium (sodium selenite, organic Se, and nano-bio Se), resulting in a total of 4 treatments with 6 replicates of 10 chicks. Broilers were assessed for performance measures, ileum morphometry, and microbial population and jejunum tight junction proteins' relative expression. The particle size of the synthesized selenium nanoparticles ranges 40 to 150nm, with crystalline spherical shape. Inclusion of selenium increased body weight (BW) and improved FCR compared to the control diet (P < 0.05). Among the selenium sources, the highest BW were achieved in chicks fed sodium selenite or nano-bio Se. Selenium supplementation meaningfully (P < - 0.01) changed ileum morphology and reduced ileum microbiota. Inclusion of selenium increased the relative weight of the carcass, breast, and thigh and reduced the relative weight of the liver and bursa of Fabricius on day 42 (P < 0.01). The relative length of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were increased on day 14 but reduced on day 42 by inclusion of selenium (P < 0.05). Supplementation of selenium increased (P < 0.01) the expression of claudin-1, occludin, and zonula occluden-1 and reduced (P < 0.01) the expression of claudin-5 and zonula occluden-2 on day 28. Inclusion of nano-bio selenium increased (P < 0.05) the expression of occludin, zonula occluden-1, and zonula occluden-2 and reduced (P < 0.05) the expression of claudin-5 compared to the organic selenium and sodium selenite on day 42. In conclusion, this data suggest feasibility of the biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles by Bacillus subtilis. Additionally, the data reported herein demonstrate that nano-bio selenium can effectively improve performance and intestinal integrity compared to the common organic and inorganic sources of selenium.

Green Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticle using Capparis decidua fruit extract and its Characterization using Transmission Electron Microscopy And UV- Visible Spectroscopy

Capparis decidua is used in the traditional system of medicine used due to its medicinal properties. Selenium nanoparticle was synthesized in a simple and rapid way by green synthesis method. Selenium nanoparticle was synthesized using aqueous extract of Capparis decidua fruit. The aim of this present study is to synthesize and to analyse the characterization of selenium nanoparticle synthesized using Capparis decidua. Characterization of selenium nanoparticle was done using ultra-visible spectroscopy and Transmission electron microscope [TEM]. Initially, the wavelength obtained for synthesized selenium nanoparticles ranged from 300nm to 600nm. Then TEM was carried out to find the size and shape of the nanoparticle. The selenium nanoparticle was spherical in shape with size of 320nm. The present study concluded that the selenium nanoparticle prepared using Capparis decidua was ecofriendly and may serve and benefit the society because of its rich medicinal property with less side effects if further research is carried out.

Selenium nanoparticles: Synthesis, in-vitro cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity and interaction studies with ct-DNA and HSA, HHb and Cyt c serum proteins

The aim of this study was the synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) employing vitamin C as a biocompatible and low toxic reducing agent. The synthesized selenium nanoparticles were characterized by using UV–vis, FT-IR, SEM-EDX, TEM, DLS, and zeta potential measurements. The results of the DPPH free radical scavenging assay demonstrate that this synthesized nano-selenium has strong potentials to scavenge the free radicals and cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and Raji Burkitt's lymphoma cancer cell lines. The interaction of calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) with SeNPs indicated that the anticancer activity might be associated with the DNA-binding properties of nano-selenium. Finally, it was found that the synthesized nano-selenium can bind to the most important blood proteins such as human serum albumin (HSA), human hemoglobin (HHb), and Cytochrome c (Cyt c). The results showed that the secondary structure of these proteins remains unchanged, suggesting that the synthesized nano-selenium could be employed as a carrier in the drug delivery system without any cytotoxicity effect.

Selenium nanoparticle synthesis from endangered medicinal herb (Enicostema axillare).

Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) was achieved by a simple biological procedure using the reducing power of E. axillare leaf extract. This method is capable of producing SeNPs in a size range of around 56.23-98.18nm, under ambient lab condition. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy-dispersive X-Ray (EDX). To check the potential hazards of nanotoxicity median lethal concentration (LC50) and Na + /K + -ATPase activity was assessed on zebra fish which showed the LC50 of258.72ppm for 96h and Na + /K + -ATPase seems to significantly decrease with increase in SeNPs concentration. Antibactericidal activity explored the use of SeNPs against wide range of pathogens. Cytotoxicity of SeNPs was assayed against human lung cancer cells (A549) confirmed that SeNPs are able to inhibit the cell growth by dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, green synthesized selenium nanoparticles are less toxic and harmless. This is the first report on green synthesized selenium nanoparticles using E. axillare possessing anti-bacterial and anti-cancer activity.

The Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Activity of Greenly Synthesized Selenium and Zinc Composite Nanoparticles Using Ephedra aphylla Extract.

The current work aimed to synthesize selenium and zinc nanoparticles using the aqueous extract of Ephedra aphylla as a valuable medicinal plant. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by TEM, zeta potential, and changes in the phytochemical constituents. Hence, the phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents were reduced in the case of the prepared samples of nanoparticles than the original values in the aqueous extract. The prepared extract of Ephedra aphylla and its selenium and zinc nanoparticles showed high potency as antioxidant agents as a result of the DPPH• assay. The samples were assessed as anticancer agents against six tumor cells and a normal lung fibroblast (WI-38) cell line. The selenium nanoparticles of Ephedra aphylla extract revealed very strong cytotoxicity against HePG-2 cells (inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 7.56 ± 0.6 µg/mL), HCT-116 cells (IC50 = 10.02 ± 0.9 µg/mL), and HeLa cells (IC50 = 9.23 ± 0.8 µg/mL). The samples were evaluated as antimicrobial agents against bacterial and fungal strains. Thus, selenium nanoparticles showed potent activities against Gram-negative strains (Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli), Gram-positive strains (Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis), and the fungal strain Candida albicans. In conclusion, the preparation of nanoparticles of either selenium or zinc is crucial for improved biological characteristics.

Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles mediated from Ceropegia bulbosa Roxb extract and its cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, mosquitocidal and photocatalytic activities

The present study is to design an eco-friendly mode to rapidly synthesize selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) through Ceropegia bulbosa tuber’s aqueous extracts and confirming SeNPs synthesis by UV–Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM-EDS mapping, HR-TEM, DLS and zeta potential analysis. In addition, to assess the anti-cancer efficacy of the SeNPs against the cultured MDA-MB-231, as studies have shown SeNPs biosynthesis downregulates the cancer cells when compared to normal HBL100 cell lines. The study observed the IC50 value of SeNPs against MDA-MB-231 cells was 34 µg/mL for 48 h. Furthermore, the SeNPs promotes growth inhibitory effects of certain clinical pathogens such as Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Apart, from this the SeNPs has shown larvicidal activity after 24 h exposure in Aedes albopitus mosquito’s larvae with a maximum of 250 g/mL mortality concentration. This is confirmed by the histopathology results taken at the 4th larval stage. The histopathological studies revealed intense deterioration in the hindgut, epithelial cells, mid gut and cortex region of the larvae. Finally, tried to investigate the photocatalytic activity of SeNPs against the toxic dye, methylene blue using halogen lamp and obtained 96% degradation results. Withal computational study SeNPs was shown to exhibit consistent stability towards breast cancer protein BRCA2. Overall, our findings suggest SeNPs as a potent disruptive agent for MDA-MB-231 cells, few pathogens, mosquito larvae and boosts the photocatalytic dye degradation.

Synthesis and Characterization of Black Currant Selenium Nanoparticles (Part I)

The present study aimed to synthesize selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) using aqueous extract of black currant as a reducing agent. The green synthesized black currant selenium nanoparticles (BCSeNPs) were identified by color change. The characterization of SeNPs was achieved by Ultraviolet-visible (UV–VIS) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X–ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). These tests were used to detect: stability, morphology, size, crystalline nature, and functional groups present on the surface of BCSeNPs. The results revealed appearance of the brick-red color indicating the specific color of selenium nanoparticles, and UV-Vis spectroscopy showed band absorbance at 265 nm of intense surface plasmon resonance manifesting the formation and stability of the prepared BCSeNPs. The SEM image showed the prevalence of spherical selenium nanosized, XRD at 2θ revealed crystallin selenium nanoparticles, the size was in the average of 18-50 nm. Furthermore, FTIR revealed the presence of functional groups of the plant which act as stabilizing and reducing agents. In conclusion, the aqueous black currant extract can act as a reducing and capping agent to synthesize BCSeNPs in nano-scale size by a simple method

Expression of Rhizobium tropici phytochelatin synthase in Escherichia coli resulted in increased bacterial selenium nanoparticle synthesis

Phytochelatins are the main heavy metal detoxifying peptides found in plants. In the present study, Escherichia coli DH5α cells were transformed with the phytochelatin synthase gene from Rhizobium tropici. The tolerance of these recombinant bacterial cells to heavy metals as well as their capacity to synthesize selenium nanoparticles were explored. The functional studies showed the recombinant E. coli grew faster and achieved a higher cell density after overnight cultivation in comparison with the control cells. In addition, the recombinant E. coli had a higher tolerance to copper, nickel, zinc, and cadmium ions. Importantly, the cells had increased capacity to synthesize selenium nanoparticles. Our results suggested that the phytochelatin synthase gene transformed E. coli DH5α cells can be used to produce selenium nanoparticles in large scale for various applications in nanotechnology and biomedicine.

Novel One Step Printing and Functional Finishing of Wool Fabric Using Selenium Nanoparticles

This study demonstrates the possibility of one step printing and multifunctional finishing of wool fabrics using synthesized selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) as stable functional colorant. Se-NPs formation was emphasized using visible changes, UV-visible absorption spectra, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The UV-visible spectra and TEM analysis confirmed the synthesis of spherical well-dispersed Se-NPs. The examination of printed samples was conducted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRD), that revealed the successful deposition of Se-NPs onto wool fabric surface. The color, UV protection, and antimicrobial properties of Se-NPs printed wool were also evaluated. The printed samples had outstanding fastness characteristics to washing, rubbing, and light. Moreover, Se-NPs printed samples were found to possess outstanding antimicrobial activities, excellent UV-protection properties with a remarkable durability after 10 washing times without any negative impact on the printing and softness characteristics.

Free radical scavenging activity of Maranta arundinacea assisted selenium nanoparticles

Selenium nanoparticles have role in toxic waste removal and bioremediation. In a recent study, biosynthesis of many metal and metal oxide nanoparticles by different plant extracts was found to be stable even after wet heat sterilization process. In some studies, biosynthesis of silver, gold, and selenium nanoparticles using microorganisms and plant and parts. In this present study we have synthesized selenium nanoparticles using arrow root and analysed for its free radical scavenging activity. 20 mM of sodium selenite was prepared using 60 mL of distilled water and 40 mL of Arrowroot extract. It was kept in the shaker. Readings were taken for 3 days. Centrifugation was done at 8000 rpm. Pellet was collected and was used for antioxidants activity that is free radical scavenging activity. The antioxidant property of arrow root mediated selenium nanoparticles are comparatively higher than the standard antioxidant property. Calculations were done on the basis of reading that was obtained. This study proves that there is antioxidant activity that is free radical scavenging activity adopted by selenium nanoparticles extracted from arrow root.

Antibacterial and Energy Gap Correlation of PVA/SA Biofilms Doped With Selenium Nanoparticles

Polymeric thin biofilms of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/sodium alginate (SA) doped with a different mass fraction of synthesized selenium nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using traditional solution casting routine. Obtained samples were studied for their structural variations using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and ultravilot/visible (UV/Vis.) spectroscopy. FT-IR spectral data reveals the appearance of spectral bands characterized the functional groups of both PVA and SA structural units in their positions. UV/vis. spectral data was employed to calculate the optical energy gap of prepared samples. Antibacterial tests against pathogenic bacteria were performed and correlated to the optical energy gap.

Biogenesis of selenium nanoparticles and their anti-leukemia activity

Nanobiotechnology is an exuberant sphere of science that exhibits potential application in cancer therapy, targeted chemotherapy, molecular diagnosis and molecular imaging. Present investigation discloses green route synthesis of selenium nanoparticles leading to functionalization as anti leukemia nanomaterial. Emergence of resistance over cancer radiotherapy and chemotherapy is found to be the key factor behind the clinical treatment failure and recurrence. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) with distinctive physicochemical features emerged as a novel nanocarrier and therapeutic agent with broad spectrum of medicinal properties. On the basis, biogenic technology has been proposed to synthesize selenium nanoparticles using Cassia auriculata and characterized using standard techniques. Newly synthesized selenium nanoparticles’ UV intense peak is achieved at 252 nm with crytalline surface morphology clear in SEM analysis. Cassia auriculata mediated selenium nanoparticles’ TEM analysis exhibits polydispersed with 10–20 nm. FTIR spectrum confirms the reduction of carboxyl group and capping of alkane group in Cassia auriculata synthesizes the selenium nanoparticles and its anti cancer potentiality has been explored by anti-leukemia activity using in vitro studies.

Hypoglycemic potential of selenium nanoparticles capped with polyvinyl-pyrrolidone in streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes in rats

This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of synthesized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) capped with glucose and polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP) on the hyperglycemia and prooxidants/antioxidants imbalance present in model streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. SeNPs were synthesized and characterized. Twenty-four albino male rats were grouped into four different groups. After the rats were induced to have type 2 diabetes by STZ, the SeNPs-treated groups received a dose of 0.5 mg/ml of SeNPs for seven days. Plasma glucose and insulin levels, pancreatic insulin expression, the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione (GSH) were evaluated. TEM images revealed the formation of semispherical particles with average size between 40 and 50 nm. SeNPs administration successfully reduced the hyperglycemia, raised the levels of insulin in both the pancreas and the plasma and restored the damaged pancreatic tissue. SeNPs also showed enhancement of the elimination of the diabetes-induced oxidative stress injuries by decreasing the pancreatic LPO and NO levels. Furthermore, the activities of the antioxidant enzyme GPx and GSH levels of the diabetic rats were increased. In conclusion, SeNPs capped with PVP could be used in the future as an agent that could manage Diabetes mellitus.

Preventive, Behavioral, Productive, and Tissue Modification using Green Synthesized Selenium Nanoparticles in the Drinking Water of Two Broiler Breeds under Microbial Stress

ABSTRACT A study was conducted to investigate the influence of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPS) and inorganic selenium supplementation in the drinking water on behavior, performance, and immunity of Arbor Acres® and Ross®308 broilers exposed to E. coli O157:H7 1.6 × 108 challenge at the 10th day of age. 180 one-day-old female broilers were divided into six groups, each with 30 chicks. G1 and G4 were supplied with 1 mL SeNPS 100 mg.L-1/L, G2 and G5 were supplied with 1 mL inorganic selenium 100 mg.L-1/L, and G3 and G6 were supplied with non-supplemented water. Where, G1, G2, and G3 were Arbor Acres®, while G4, G5, and G6 were Ross®308 broilers. A total of 1280 samples (160 sera, 160 intestinal swabs and 960 organ samples including liver, spleen, bursa, heart, breast muscles, and thymus) were collected in a study period of 38 days. A highly significant increase (p<0.01) of weight gain, feed conversion, performance index, total protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, immunoglobulin G and M, total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase was recorded in G4 Ross®308 compared to other supplemented and control groups. G1 Arbor Acres® and G4 Ross®308 broilers, also revealed a highly significant decline (p<0.01) in total bacterial and enterobacteriaceae counts of intestine and breast muscles compared to G2 Arbor Acres® and G5 Ross®308 broilers and to controls. Photomicrographs revealed a higher degree of cellular and tissue protection in G4 and G5 Ross®308 compared to G1 and G2 Arbor Acres® broilers. An improvement from SeNPS supplementation was detected on behavior, performance, bacterial load, immunological, antioxidant profiles, and tissue architecture in broilers breeds with special reference to Ross®308 compared to Arbor Acres® broilers.

Selenium nanoparticles are less toxic than inorganic and organic selenium to mice in vivo

Nanoparticles (NPs) provide versatile means to reduce the toxicity, enhance bioactivity and improve targeting of cells. The antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects, or bioavailability and toxicity, of selenium depend on its chemical form. In the present study the effects of nano-selenium (Nano-Se) was compared with inorganic and organic selenium on the basis of their antioxidative activities and hematological parameters in Swiss albino mice. At an oral dose of 2 mg Se/kg b.w. per day administered for consecutive 28 days, both forms of selenium suppressed mice growth rather than Nano-Se. Abnormal liver and kidney function were more pronounced with selenite treatment than Nano-Se as indicated by the increase of hepatotoxic and renal toxic marker in serum and also confirmed by histological examination. After being treated with different forms of selenium it can be seen that the activity of enzymes have increased considerably in case of Nano-Se. Synthesized selenium nanoparticles, caused less bone marrow cell death and prevented DNA damage, compared to other forms of selenium. Our results suggest that Nano-Se as an antioxidant can serve as a potential chemopreventive agent with reduced risk of selenium toxicity.

Therapeutic Potential Of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Derived Selenium Nanoparticles In Arthritic Balb/c Mice.

PurposeRheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory autoimmune multifactorial disorder that primarily affects the joints. Currently available treatment options, although effective, still present some side effects. This study proposes an alternative treatment option for rheumatoid arthritis through elucidation of therapeutic potential of Foeniculum vulgare Mill.-derived selenium nanoparticles in arthritic Balb/c mice.MethodsSynthesis and characterization of selenium nanoparticles were followed by their toxicity analysis on healthy mice. Subsequently, anti-arthritic efficacy of two doses (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) of synthesized selenium nanoparticles was checked on arthritic mice using multiple parameters.ResultsSelenium nanoparticles in 10 mg/kg dose turned out to be more effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis as evident by significant reduction in paw volume and normal clinical chemistry parameters of treated arthritic mice. This dose also showed significant antioxidant activity in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay.ConclusionFoeniculum vulgare Mill.-derived selenium nanoparticles retain significant anti-arthritic and antioxidant potential and consequently can further be explored as an alternative treatment option for rheumatoid arthritis.