Synthesis Of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures Research Articles

Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanostructures and Their Antibacterial Activity Against Catfish Pathogen

Due to its antibacterial activity against clinical bacterial pathogens at the time of tissue development, zinc oxide (ZnO) is considered one of the most important metal oxide nanostructured materials. In this study, ZnO nanostructures were prepared using Aloe vera gel juice, which is easy, inexpensive, and ecofriendly. The nanostructures of ZnO were characterized using a variety of analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). As a result of the XRD study, the hexagonal phase of ZnO with the structure of wurtzite has been identified. ZnO material with high heterogeneity morphology has been observed by SEM analysis. As-prepared ZnO nanostructures were tested for their antibacterial activity against the newly discovered pathogen of catfish. A ZnO sample prepared with a high concentration of Aloe vera gel possessed an inhibition zone of 13.21±0.04 mm, whereas a ZnO sample prepared with a low concentration of Aloe vera juice had an inhibition zone of 6.23±0.02 mm and a pure ZnO sample had an inhibition zone of 3.31±0.03 mm. Furthermore, we examined the effectiveness of the ZnO nanostructures on bacterial strains based on the type of nanoparticles applied to the commercial strains. In addition to their modified surface properties, small particle size, and highly toxic effects for the killingof bacterial cell growth, the Aloe vera juice assisted ZnO nanostructures demonstrated excellent antibacterial activity against the catfish pathogens.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity of Plant-Derived Zinc Oxide Nanostructure Using <i>Lavandula angustifolia</i> and <i>Phyllanthus niruri</i> Extracts

In recent years, green synthesized nanomaterials have garnered wide interest due to its inherent features like rapidity, cost-effectiveness, and environmentally friendly technique. The green synthesis of Zinc oxide nanostructures (n-ZnO) using two kinds of plant extract, lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and meniran (Phyllanthus niruri), were discussed and their antibacterial activities were compared. Characterization by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and field emission-scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FE-SEM/EDS) were used to confirm the successful formation of n-ZnO using both plant extracts. The antibacterial activity of the n-ZnO synthesized from two different plant extracts was tested against Klebsiella pneumoniae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The results show that both n-ZnO has antibacterial activity against MRSA. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values for n-ZnO synthesized from meniran extract were 78 and 156 mg/mL, respectively, while MIC and MBC values for n-ZnO synthesized from lavender extract were 156 and 312 mg/mL, respectively. These results confirm that the n-ZnO prepared from meniran extract is more effective in inhibiting MRSA than the n-ZnO prepared from lavender extract. This study proves that plant-based n-ZnO has anti-microbial activities and may serve as antimicrobial therapeutics.

Flow-induced fabrication of ZnO nanostructures in pillar-arrayed microchannels.

The emergence of microfluidic devices integrated with nanostructures enables highly efficient, flexible and controllable biosensing, among which zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructure-based fluorescence detection has been demonstrated to be a promising methodology due to its high electrical point and unique fluorescence enhancement properties. The optimization of microfluidic synthesis of ZnO nanostructures for biosensing on chip has been in demand due to its low cost and high efficiency, but still the flow-induced growth of ZnO nanostructures is not extensively studied. Here, we report a simple and versatile strategy that could manipulate the local flow field by creating periodically arranged micropillars within a straight microchannel. We have explored the effects of perfusion speed and flow direction of seed solution, localized flow variation of growth solution and growth time on the morphology of nanostructures. This provided a comprehensive understanding which governs nanostructure fabrication controlled by flow. The results demonstrated that localized flow in microfluidic devices was essential for the initiation and growth of zinc oxide crystals, enabling precise control over their properties and morphology. Furthermore, a model protein was used to demonstrate the intrinsic fluorescence enhancement of ZnO nanostructures as an example to reveal the morphology-related enhancement properties.

Novel synthesis of ZnO nanostructure from galvanization waste for antibacterial application

Galvanization is a method to coat metals using zinc layer. It generates galvanization ash and dust as the byproducts. Until now, the galvanization ash has not been widely explored and used. This study focuses on the synthesis of zinc oxide nanostructure (n-ZnO) from zinc recovered from galvanization ash and its application as antibacterial agent. The results show that the n-ZnO prepared with the concentration of acid of 1.9 M at 7 h leaching time producing the n-ZnO with highest purity (84.6 %) and percent yield (87.20 %). The antibacterial assessment shows that this n-ZnO inhibited the growth of bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae, highlighting the potential of the galvanization ash as the sustainable source of zinc to produce n-ZnO with the antibacterial properties.

The potential effect of green synthesis of zinc oxide nanostructures using Cyperus Rotundus grass extracts on the genes associated with obesity in the 3T3-L1 cell line

The potential effect of green synthesis of zinc oxide nanostructures using Cyperus Rotundus grass extracts on the genes associated with obesity in the 3T3-L1 cell line

Synthesis of ZnO nanostructures and its effect on linear-nonlinear optical properties

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures with nanoparticle morphology have been synthesized at ambient pressure and different temperatures using [OMIM]Br ionic liquid as solvent by ionothermal method. The products were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Z-scan technique. The average crystallite size of ZnO was between 15-23 nm. The band gaps of products are 3.19, 3.25, and 3.32 at 65, 90, and 120 oC, respectively. The Z-scan technique was proposed to detect the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties at 532 nm wavelength. Temperature effect on third order NLO responses of ZnO nanostructures is studied. The results show that higher annealing temperature in ionic liquid produced ZnO nanoparticles with decreased crystalline and enlarged band gap. Also, this process leads to produce ZnO nanoparticles with increasing NLO responses by altering vacancy distribution.

Synthesis of ZnO nanostructures and its effect on linear-nonlinear optical properties

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures with nanoparticle morphology have been synthesized at ambient pressure and different temperatures using [OMIM]Br ionic liquid as solvent by ionothermal method. The products were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Z-scan technique. The average crystallite size of ZnO was between 15-23 nm. The band gaps of products are 3.19, 3.25, and 3.32 at 65, 90, and 120 oC, respectively. The Z-scan technique was proposed to detect the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties at 532 nm wavelength. Temperature effect on third order NLO responses of ZnO nanostructures is studied. The results show that higher annealing temperature in ionic liquid produced ZnO nanoparticles with decreased crystalline and enlarged band gap. Also, this process leads to produce ZnO nanoparticles with increasing NLO responses by altering vacancy distribution.

Annealing in ionic liquid for synthesis of ZnO nanostructures and its effect on linear-nonlinear optical properties

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures with nanoparticle morphology have been synthesized at ambient pressure and different temperatures using [OMIM]Br ionic liquid as solvent and template by ionothermal method. The products were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), and Z-scan technique. The average crystallite size of ZnO was between 12 and 14 nm. The band gaps of products are 3.19, 3.25, and 3.32 at 65, 90, and 120 ֯C, respectively. The Z-scan technique was proposed to detect the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties at 532 nm wavelength. Temperature effect on the third order NLO responses of ZnO nanostructures was studied. The results show that higher annealing temperature in the ionic liquid produced ZnO nanoparticles with an increased crystalline structure and enlarged band gap. Also, this process leads to produce ZnO nanoparticles with increasing NLO responses by altering oxygen vacancy distribution. Furthermore, prepared ZnO samples in higher temperatures and longer exposure time in [OMIM]Br ionic liquid are more effective than Cu-doped ZnO in nonlinear coefficient response.

Editor's note regarding ‘Effect of substrate surface treatment on the hydrothermal synthesis of zinc oxide nanostructures’ [Ceramics International 48 (2022) 2323–2329] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.10.011

Editor's note regarding ‘Effect of substrate surface treatment on the hydrothermal synthesis of zinc oxide nanostructures’ [Ceramics International 48 (2022) 2323–2329] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.10.011

Controlled Growth of Semiconducting ZnO Nanorods for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting-Based Nanogenerators.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods have attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to their piezoelectric properties and potential applications in energy harvesting, sensing, and nanogenerators. Piezoelectric energy harvesting-based nanogenerators have emerged as promising new devices capable of converting mechanical energy into electric energy via nanoscale characterizations such as piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). This technique was used to study the piezoresponse generated when an electric field was applied to the nanorods using a PFM probe. However, this work focuses on intensive studies that have been reported on the synthesis of ZnO nanostructures with controlled morphologies and their subsequent influence on piezoelectric nanogenerators. It is important to note that the diatomic nature of zinc oxide as a potential solid semiconductor and its electromechanical influence are the two main phenomena that drive the mechanism of any piezoelectric device. The results of our findings confirm that the performance of piezoelectric devices can be significantly improved by controlling the morphology and initial growth conditions of ZnO nanorods, particularly in terms of the magnitude of the piezoelectric coefficient factor (d33). Moreover, from this review, a proposed facile synthesis of ZnO nanorods, suitably produced to improve coupling and switchable polarization in piezoelectric devices, has been reported.

Conditions for the Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures from the Destruction Products of Overvoltage Nanosecond Discharge Between Zinc Electrodes in Oxygen Under Ultraviolet Irradiation of the Substrate

Conditions for the Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures from the Destruction Products of Overvoltage Nanosecond Discharge Between Zinc Electrodes in Oxygen Under Ultraviolet Irradiation of the Substrate

A review on biological synthesis of ZnO nanostructures and its application in photocatalysis mediated dye degradation: An overview.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) has several industrial applications due to its versatile properties, which lead to its continuously increasing demand in different industrial sectors. Additionally, ZnO nanostructures possess unique photocatalytic activity, and because of this, they are being applied to degrade organic dyes through photocatalysis for wastewater treatment. Nevertheless, chemical synthesis methods to develop ZnO nanostructures have raised concerns related to environmental issues, furthermore, these methods are found to be costly and tedious. As a result, the synthesis of ZnO nanostructures using green methods is gaining popularity due to its low cost and eco-friendly mode, while avoiding the use of toxic chemicals. Green synthesis of ZnO nanostructures using different biological approaches involving plants, algae, and different microorganism-derived bioactive compounds has been well reported for diverse applications. Among different applications, ZnO nanostructures that enable photocatalysis to degrade dye have been found to be imperative for wastewater treatments. Therefore, the current review explores recent studies on green synthesis approaches to prepare ZnO nanostructures via adopting different biological methods that rely on plants, algae, and bacterial microorganisms. The properties of ZnO nanostructures, along with their green synthesis routes and feasible mechanisms, have also been discussed in this review. This review focuses on the use and efficiency of green route synthesized ZnO nanostructures as nanophotocatalysts for the degradation of organic dyes in wastewater treatment. Additionally, existing challenges in green synthesis methods and the efficiency of ZnO nanostructures to degrade organic dyes following photocatalysis has been discussed.

Green, Water-Based Synthesis of ZnO Nanostructures

We report on the synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures using a simple, green, waterbased process, without the aid of any chemical precursor or external energy source. Zinc plates were immersed in deionized water and kept at ambient conditions in a dark cabinet for up to 21 days. After immersion, the reaction products were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. After short immersion times (1-3 days), ZnO agglomerates with a high concentration of oxygen defects were formed, which overlapped along the c axis to form ZnO nanoflowers. After long immersion times (21 days), ZnO microswords with smooth surfaces, well-defined tips, and less oxygen defects were formed. This low-cost, low-energy synthesis process is an attractive alternative to produce ZnO nanostructures with low impact on the environment.

Real-time spectroscopic monitoring of continuous-flow synthesis of zinc oxide nano-structures in femtosecond laser fabricated 3D microfluidic microchannels with integrated on-chip fiber probe array.

Materials synthesis in a microfluidic environment enables the flexible and controllable production of various types of nanostructures which are of great potential in the fields of chemistry, environmental science, bioengineering, and medicine. Here, we demonstrate on-chip simultaneous continuous-flow synthesis and in situ spectrum diagnosis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials using a femtosecond-fabricated three-dimensional (3D) microchannel reactor integrated with an array of optical fiber probes. The microchannel reactor including 3D concentration gradient generators followed by 3D micromixing units provides high-efficiency manipulation of reactants with different concentrations as well as parallel reaction dynamics in an autonomous manner. The integrated optical fiber probe array allows precise and parallel spectroscopic detection in different microchannels with high spatial and temporal resolutions for screening the synthetic conditions. The synthesized ZnO nanostructures can be tailored in size, shape, and morphology by tuning the flow rates and reactant concentrations based on the spectroscopic signals detected with the fiber probe array.

Biogenic synthesis of zinc oxide nanorods for biomedical applications and photodegradation of Rhodamine B

The biogenic synthesis protocol of functional oxides from the extract of plants for biomedical applications has gained more attention recently. This work involves a biogenic synthesis of Zinc oxide nanostructure using the extract of Ocimum gratissimum (OG) as a potential reducing and stabilizing agent. The physicochemical properties of the sample where determined using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, UV-visible spectrometer and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) Spectrophotometer. The biomedical activities were tested against drug resistance pathogenic strains by the agar well diffusion method. The higher susceptibility against the pathogens was recorded compared to the standard drug. The higher susceptibility was observed more in S. aureus and Coliform compared to the standard drug. The sample also showed strong photodegradation against Rhodamine B. It is noteworthy that the OG-ZnONPs sample is auspicious as a potential antibacterial, antifungal and photodegradation agent for environmental remedy. • OG-ZnONRs were synthesized using OG for the first time by a biogenic synthesis protocol. • The OG performed the work of reducing and stabilizing agents in the formulated sample. • The susceptibility of OG-ZnONRs against some pathogenic strains was heightened. • Photodegradation of OG-ZnONRs was observed against Rhodamine B.

Effect of additive concentration on crystalline surface of ZnO nanostructures morphology for enhanced humidity sensing

Zinc oxide (ZnO) possesses unique nanostructures. Most ZnO nanostructures have yet seen its use as coating for fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. The properties of zinc oxide nanostructure can be greatly influenced by different additives added with the precursor. This study reports on the influence of different concentration of hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) additive towards the humidity sensing capability of zinc oxide coated on FBG sensors. The synthesis of zinc oxide nanostructure was through a modified hydrothermal method. Morphology observation has confirmed a unique hybrid of nanoflake, and porous hemispherical growth of zinc oxide accompanied with elemental analysis for validation. Sensor response towards change in relative humidity is improved by 400% with functional range between 40 and 80 RH%. The concentration of HMT to achieve such performance is 0.05 ​M with a zinc acetate precursor. The device shows potency with its hybrid nanostructure when integrated with FBG based humidity sensor. Due to its functional range, it can detect relative humidity contents in the air for various industries. The fabricated sensing device is suited for use in industries with several magnetic equipment and requiring many sensor nodes for mapping of data.

Facile synthesis of zinc oxide nanostructures and their antibacterial and antioxidant properties

Facile synthesis of zinc oxide nanostructures and their antibacterial and antioxidant properties

Electrochemical Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures on Flexible Substrate and Application as an Electrochemical Immunoglobulin-G Immunosensor.

Immunoglobulin G (IgG), a type of antibody, represents approximately 75% of serum antibodies in humans, and is the most common type of antibody found in blood circulation. Consequently, the development of simple, fast and reliable systems for IgG detection, which can be achieved using electrochemical sandwich-type immunosensors, is of considerable interest. In this study we have developed an immunosensor for human (H)-IgG using an inexpensive and very simple fabrication method based on ZnO nanorods (NRs) obtained through the electrodeposition of ZnO. The ZnO NRs were treated by electrodepositing a layer of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to ensure an easy immobilization of the antibodies. On Indium Tin Oxide supported on Polyethylene Terephthalate/ZnO NRs/rGO substrate, the sandwich configuration of the immunosensor was built through different incubation steps, which were all optimized. The immunosensor is electrochemically active thanks to the presence of gold nanoparticles tagging the secondary antibody. The immunosensor was used to measure the current density of the hydrogen development reaction which is indirectly linked to the concentration of H-IgG. In this way the calibration curve was constructed obtaining a logarithmic linear range of 10–1000 ng/mL with a detection limit of few ng/mL and good sensitivity.

Effect of substrate surface treatment on the hydrothermal synthesis of zinc oxide nanostructures

In this investigation, ZnO nanostructures were coated via hydrothermal process on glass substrate surfaces, which were treated by acidic and alkaline solutions. Furthermore, the ZnO structure was doped by different amounts of Al+3 ions to investigate the microstructural variation. Characteristics of the samples by XRD and SEM analyses confirmed the formation of different morphologies and various crystal sizes for the nanostructured ZnO on the substrates including nanoflower, nanorod, and nanopanel morphologies. Furthermore, XRD results showed that the Zn2+ concentration was a crucial factor in changing the grain size. EDS analysis confirmed the uniform distribution of Al dopant, while the FTIR spectra revealed the presence of Al–O and Zn–O stretching bonds in the coatings. The results confirmed that the sample, which was etched by fused NaOH had a uniform and compacted structure. Moreover, it was evident the proposed treatment and synthesis process was successful in the formation of uniform nanostructured ZnO film on the glass substrate without the requirement for seed layer deposition.

Study of conditions of gas- discharge synthesis of Zinc oxide nanostructures under automatic UV-irradiation of the substrate by plasma

The spectroscopic characteristics of a bipolar, overstressed discharge of nanosecond duration between zinc electrodes in oxygen at a pressure p(O2) = 13.3 kPa are presented. In the process of microexplosions of inhomogeneities on the working surfaces of the electrodes in a strong electric field, zinc vapor is introduced into the discharge gap. This creates the prerequisites for the formation of zinc oxide molecules and clusters in the plasma and the synthesis of thin island zinc oxide films, which can be deposited on a dielectric substrate installed near the center of the discharge gap. The spectral characteristics of the discharge were investigated from the central part of the discharge gap 2 mm in size. The main excited components of the plasma of a vapor-gas mixture based on zinc and oxygen were established at high values ​​of the parameter E / N (where E is the electric field strength; N is the total concentration of particles in the plasma), which, when deposited outside the discharge plasma, can lead to the formation of fine nanostructured films based on zinc oxide.