Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG), a type of antibody, represents approximately 75% of serum antibodies in humans, and is the most common type of antibody found in blood circulation. Consequently, the development of simple, fast and reliable systems for IgG detection, which can be achieved using electrochemical sandwich-type immunosensors, is of considerable interest. In this study we have developed an immunosensor for human (H)-IgG using an inexpensive and very simple fabrication method based on ZnO nanorods (NRs) obtained through the electrodeposition of ZnO. The ZnO NRs were treated by electrodepositing a layer of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to ensure an easy immobilization of the antibodies. On Indium Tin Oxide supported on Polyethylene Terephthalate/ZnO NRs/rGO substrate, the sandwich configuration of the immunosensor was built through different incubation steps, which were all optimized. The immunosensor is electrochemically active thanks to the presence of gold nanoparticles tagging the secondary antibody. The immunosensor was used to measure the current density of the hydrogen development reaction which is indirectly linked to the concentration of H-IgG. In this way the calibration curve was constructed obtaining a logarithmic linear range of 10–1000 ng/mL with a detection limit of few ng/mL and good sensitivity.
Highlights
Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a multifunctional material [1,2] with semiconducting properties (p-type, band gap of 3.37 eV) [3,4] that is used in many advantageous applications from biomedical field, to electrical and electronics industry and energy conversion [5,6,7]
In this work we explored the possibility of using electrochemically obtained ZnO nanorods (ZnO-NRs) as a basis for the fabrication of immunosensors for human immunoglobulin G (H-Immunoglobulin G (IgG))
The choice of H-IgG is based on the fact that it is the most common type of antibody found in blood circulation, representing approximately 75% of serum antibodies in humans, and it is a good model analyte for proof-of-concept development of innovative biosensors that may be used in real world applications
Summary
Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a multifunctional material [1,2] with semiconducting properties (p-type, band gap of 3.37 eV) [3,4] that is used in many advantageous applications from biomedical field, to electrical and electronics industry and energy conversion [5,6,7]. It is a cheap and biocompatible material widely used for production of paints, rubber, plastic and pharmaceuticals [8,9]. Due to photocatalytic and self-cleaning properties of ZnO, application in purification of wastewater by photocatalytic reaction was proposed [15]
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