Synthesis Of Chitosan Research Articles

Synthesis and Characterization of Porous, Electro-Conductive Chitosan-Gelatin-Agar-Based PEDOT: PSS Scaffolds for Potential Use in Tissue Engineering.

Herein we report the synthesis and characterization of electro-conductive chitosan–gelatin–agar (Cs-Gel-Agar) based PEDOT: PSS hydrogels for tissue engineering. Cs-Gel-Agar porous hydrogels with 0–2.0% (v/v) PEDOT: PSS were fabricated using a thermal reverse casting method where low melting agarose served as the pore template. Sample characterizations were performed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR–FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Our results showed enhanced electrical conductivity of the cs-gel-agar hydrogels when mixed with DMSO-doped PEDOT: PSS wherein the optimum mixing ratio was observed at 1% (v/v) with a conductivity value of 3.35 × 10−4 S cm−1. However, increasing the PEDOT: PSS content up to 1.5 % (v/v) resulted in reduced conductivity to 3.28 × 10−4 S cm−1. We conducted in vitro stability tests on the porous hydrogels using phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution and investigated the hydrogels’ performances through physical observations and ATR–FTIR characterization. The present study provides promising preliminary data on the potential use of Cs-Gel-Agar-based PEDOT: PSS hydrogel for tissue engineering, and these, hence, warrant further investigation to assess their capability as biocompatible scaffolds.

Synthesis of Chitosan Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles and Evaluation of the in vitro Antibacterial Activity Against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Causing Blight Disease of Rice

Bacterial blight is one of the most devastating rice diseases that cause huge economic loss worldwide. The cause of rice blight is Gram negative bacteria Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (X. oryzae pv. Oryzae). Since both silver nanoparticles and chitosan have antibacterial, antifungal and growth-stimulating effect, this work has focused on synthesizing chitosan stabilized silver nanoparticles (AgCSs) with small sizes and in vitro evaluating antibacterial activity against X. oryzae pv. oryzae bacteria. AgCSs were chemically synthesized by reducing silver nitrate by borohydride sodium in the presence of chitosan with optimization of the concentration of the reactants. AgCSs were characterized by UV/vis absorption spectra, field emission scanning electronic microscopy (FESEM), ImageJ software, zeta potential measurement, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction. AgCSs have spherical configuration and narrow size distributions with different average sizes from 15 nm to 25 nm depending on the initial concentration of silver nitrate. All AgCSs colloidal systems were stable and exhibited no tendency for coagulation more than 5 months. It was the first time that chitosan-stabilized silver nanoparticles were assessed the in vitro antibacterial activity against bacterial blight VXO_281 strain. The disc diffusion method demonstrated that the smallest size silver nanoparticles (AgCS1) showed high antibacterial effect against the X. oryzae pv. oryzae VXO_281 strain with a concentration of more than 5 µg/mL and the inhibition zone was dose-dependent. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of AgCS1 against X. oryzae pv. oryzae VXO_281 were 2.5 µg/mL and 20 µg/mL, respectively.

Synthesis and characterization of chitosan encapsulated zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposite and its biological assessment in pepper (Capsicum annuum) as an elicitor for in vitro tissue culture applications

Nanotechnology paves the way for introducing nanoscale fertilizers, pesticides, and elicitors. This study intends to address the synthesis of chitosan/zinc oxide nanocomposite (CS-ZnONP) and its biological assessment in in-vitro conditions. The zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were successfully coated with the chitosan (CS) polymer through a cost-effective approach. Transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy assessments proved the surface capping of chitosan polymer on ZnONP. The nanocomposite was more capable of improving growth and biomass than the bare ZnONPs. The application of the nanocomposite increased the concentration of chlorophylls (51%), carotenoids (70%), proline (2-fold), and proteins (about 2-fold). The supplementation of culture medium with the nanomaterials upregulated enzymatic antioxidant biomarkers (catalase and peroxidase). The activity of the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzyme also displayed a similar significant upward trend in response to the nano-supplements. The CS-ZnONP treatment considerably enhanced the accumulation of alkaloids (60.5%) and soluble phenols (40%), implying stimulation in secondary metabolism. The micropropagation test revealed that the CS-ZnONP treatment improved the organogenesis performance. Overall, the nanocomposite can be considered a highly potent biocompatible elicitor.

Evaluating Invasive Marbled Crayfish as a Potential Livestock for Sustainable Aquaculture

The marbled crayfish (Procambarus virginalis) is a recently discovered freshwater crayfish species, which reproduces by apomictic parthenogenesis, resulting in a monoclonal, and all-female population. The animals were widely distributed through the aquarium trade and have established numerous stable wild populations through anthropogenic releases. They are highly prevalent in Madagascar, where they have become a popular source of nutritional protein. As freshwater crayfish aquaculture in open systems is a thriving, but ecologically damaging global industry, alternatives are urgently needed. Although marbled crayfish are often branded by their invasive mode of reproduction, their overall invasiveness is not higher than for other cultured crayfish species. Furthermore, their resiliency and high adaptability provide a strong rationale for evaluating them for closed, and environmentally safe aquaculture approaches. Here we describe a novel population of marbled crayfish in a former German coal mining area that is characterized by acid and polluted water. Even under these adverse conditions, animals grew to sizes, and weights that are comparable to commercially farmed freshwater crayfish. Tailored feed development and laboratory testing demonstrated highly efficient feed conversion, suggesting a considerable capacity for sustainable production in closed systems. We further show that marbled crayfish meat can be readily introduced into European meals. Finally, chemical analysis of marbled crayfish exoskeletons revealed comparably high amounts of chitin, which is a valuable source for the synthesis of chitosan and bioplastics. Our results thus suggest that production of marbled crayfish in closed systems may represent a sustainable alternative for crayfish aquaculture.

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Properties of Chitosan–Silver Nanocomposites

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Properties of Chitosan–Silver Nanocomposites

Copper(II) complex anchored on magnetic chitosan functionalized trichlorotriazine: An efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of tetrazole derivatives

In this work, a method has been developed for the synthesis of magnetic chitosan functionalized trichlorotriazine-5-amino-1H-tetrazole copper(II) complex (Fe3O4@CS-TCT-Tet-Cu(II)). The synthesized Fe3O4@CS-TCT-Tet-Cu(II) was characterized using XRD, EDS, elemental mapping, STEM, FT-IR, TG/DTA, FFT, ICP-MS, and TEM analyses. Fe3O4@CS-TCT-Tet-Cu(II) was then applied in the synthesis of N-sulfonyl-N-aryl tetrazoles and 5-arylamino-1H-tetrazoles via the reaction of sodium azide with N-sulfonyl-N-arylcyanamides and arylcyanamides, respectively in DMF solvent. The synthesized Fe3O4@CS-TCT-Tet-Cu(II) can be recycled and reused for five cycles with no considerable loss of catalytic performance.

Synthesis of charged chitosan nanoparticles as functional biolubricant

Osteoarthritis has been a major disease in recent years, which is mainly related to the breakdown of the lubrication function of the cartilage sliding interface, along with the inflammation of the joint capsule. In this paper, one kind of novel biomimetic nanoparticles (NPs) lubricant, named CS-PS, is synthesized through chemically grafting hydrophilic sulfonic acid (SO3−) groups onto the surface of biocompatible and biodegradable chitosan (CS) NPs. Compared with control CS NPs, the as-synthesized CS-PS NPs exhibits excellent hydration and stability because of negatively charged surface zeta potential, along with extraordinary lubrication performance in water for realizing a super-low friction coefficient (COF) as ∼0.01 at the sliding interface of PDMS elastomer-Ti6Al4V disk. Correspondingly, the CS-PS NPs can also be used as a drug carrier for aspirin, which presents very good drug loading and release behavior in PBS (pH = 7.4). MCS cells culture experiment proves that this kind of novel lubricant is nontoxic and biocompatible, for which may be expected to use as potential articular injective material for the treatment of osteoarthritis.

Synthesis of chitosan functionalized magnetic carbon nanotubes for dispersive solid‐phase extraction of bromocresol green

Abstract This study presents a new and rapid method for preconcentration, measurement, and removal of trace amounts of coloured wastewater using chitosan functionalized magnetic carbon nanotubes in aqueous samples. This method involves a two-phase system in which the donor phase contains an aqueous phase with bromocresol green, and the acceptor phase contains functionalized magnetic carbon nanotubes with chitosan. Experiments were carried out in two stages of extraction of bromocresol green from aqueous solution and desorption of bromocresol green using ethanol solvent. The samples were analysed by UV–Vis spectrophotometer. Extraction parameters were investigated such as the effect of organic solvent, pH of the donor and acceptor phases, extraction time, interference species, and volume of elution solvent. The isotherm of bromocresol green adsorption was fine described by the Langmuir model, and the adsorption capacity in the maximum was 28.49 mg g−1. The preconcentration factor and limit of detection for bromocresol green were 14.3 and 7.5 μg L−1, respectively. A linear range is observed between 0.1 and 20 mg L−1. Finally, the chitosan functionalized magnetic carbon nanotubes (Fe3O4@MWCNT-CN) exhibited a high potential for removing the bromocresol green from aqueous samples.

Synthesis of New Chitosan from an Endemic Chilean Crayfish Exoskeleton (Parastacus Pugnax): Physicochemical and Biological Properties.

Chitin is one of the most abundant natural polysaccharides in the world and it is mainly used to produce chitosan by a deacetylation process. In the present study, the extraction of chitin and chitosan from the Parastacus pugnax (P. pugnax) crayfish exoskeleton was studied for the first time. Thus, the P. pugnax crayfish exoskeleton was converted to chitosan following the steps of depigmentation, deproteinization, and deacetylation. The produced chitosan (Chitosan-CGNA) was characterized in terms of the protein content, solubility, degree of deacetylation, viscosity, molecular weight, FTIR, SEM, XRD, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activity. The results showed that the obtained chitosan had a high degree of deacetylation (91.55%) and a medium molecular weight (589.43 kDa). The antibacterial activity of the chitosan was tested against bacterial strains relevant for the food industry and the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were evidenced with Salmonella tiphymurium (S. typhimurium), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Listeria. Monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes). Moreover, the Chitosan-CGNA showed an effect on DPPH radical scavenging activity, and its antioxidant activity was dependent on concentration and deacetylation degree. These results suggest that P. pugnax exoskeleton could be an excellent natural source for the production of chitosan with potential applications in the health system, and to prevent infections associated with pathogens strains.

Green Synthesized Chitosan/Chitosan Nanoforms/Nanocomposites for Drug Delivery Applications.

Chitosan has become a highlighted polymer, gaining paramount importance and research attention. The fact that this valuable polymer can be extracted from food industry-generated shell waste gives it immense value. Chitosan, owing to its biological and physicochemical properties, has become an attractive option for biomedical applications. This review briefly runs through the various methods involved in the preparation of chitosan and chitosan nanoforms. For the first time, we consolidate the available scattered reports on the various attempts towards greens synthesis of chitosan, chitosan nanomaterials, and chitosan nanocomposites. The drug delivery applications of chitosan and its nanoforms have been reviewed. This review points to the lack of systematic research in the area of green synthesis of chitosan. Researchers have been concentrating more on recovering chitosan from marine shell waste through chemical and synthetic processes that generate toxic wastes, rather than working on eco-friendly green processes—this is projected in this review. This review draws the attention of researchers to turn to novel and innovative green processes. More so, there are scarce reports on the application of green synthesized chitosan nanoforms and nanocomposites towards drug delivery applications. This is another area that deserves research focus. These have been speculated and highlighted as future perspectives in this review.

Synthesis and optimization of chitosan supported magnetic carbon bio-nanocomposites and bio-oil production by solvothermal carbonization co-precipitation for advanced energy applications

Synthesis of hybrid nanomaterials in the lab-scale frequently involves complex processing and often is not able to be adopted in the industry without major enhancements for its commercial production. This research is focused on a convenient route for the fabrication of chitosan-supported magnetically recoverable carbon bio-nanocomposites by functionalizing magnetic nanoparticles on chitosan and renewable carbon material using solvothermal carbonization co-precipitation (STCC). This process can be adopted in large-scale synthesis with minimum enhancements. The nanocomposites produced using STCC offered excellent features including porous and ultrafine nanostructure, stable mechanical, and chemical properties. From the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the temperature has been found to be the most influential factor for both magnetic nanocomposite and bio-oil yield. The highest porosity for nanocomposites was observed with water-based synthesis at 260 °C at 194.62 m2/g. However, water/ethanol (50:50) at 260 °C yielded 6.67% and 8.01% more bio-oil and having 5.35% and 3.49% higher heating value as compared to that of bio-oil produced using water and ethanol.

Synthesis of magnetic chitosan supported metformin-Cu(II) complex as a recyclable catalyst for N-arylation of primary sulfonamides

The application of chitosan, which has received much attention as a natural polymer and effective support, has many advantages such as biodegradability and biocompatibility. In this study, the immobilization of a copper complex on the magnetic chitosan bearing metformin ligand has been developed through immobilizing structurally defined metformin with long tail of (3-chloropropyl)trimethoxysilane (TMOS). The synthesized Fe3O4-chitosan@metformin-Cu(II) complex (Fe3O4-CS@Met-Cu(II)) was used as an effective, reusable and magnetic catalyst in the N-arylation of different derivatives of primary sulfonamides with arylboronic acids in ethanol. The primary sulfonamides were prepared from the reaction of sulfonyl chlorides with sodium cyanate in water under ultrasonic irradiation. Utilizing a wide variety of substrates in EtOH as a green solvent, high yields of the primary and secondary sulfonamides, easy work-up along with the excellent recovery and reusability of the catalyst, make this process a simple, economic and environmentally benign method. The synthesized Fe3O4-CS@Met-Cu(II) was characterized using various techniques such as XRD (X-ray diffraction), EDS (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), elemental mapping, TEM (transmission electron microscopy), FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy), VSM (vibrating sample magnetometer), ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy), TGA (thermogravimetric analysis) and FT-IR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) analyses. The catalyst can be recycled and reused 5 times with no considerable loss of catalytic activity.

Cytotoxic effects of the synthesized Citrus aurantium peels extract nanoparticles against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells

Currently, nanoparticle is at fastest pace due to the enhanced implication in drug delivery system. The synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles through ionic gelation methods is becoming increasingly relevant due to the low cost involved and environment-friendly approach. In this study, cytotoxic effect of chitosan-Citrus aurantium peels extract nanoparticles (NPs-CA) against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells was investigated. The initial confirmations of NPs-CA were using Particles size analysis (PSA), which showed the size of NPs-CA. The Zeta potential was measured to check the stability of NPs-CA. The cytotoxic effect was carried out in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells under MTT assay. Based on PSA analysis, the size of F1 and F2 were ranging between 372 – 4472 nm and 94 – 373 nm, respectively. The zeta potential mean value of F2 NPs-CA 34,9 mV, it can be concluded that the particles show less chances for agglomeration. On the various test concentration, the F2 NPs-CA performed better cytotoxic effects than Citrus aurantium peels extract with IC50 value of 83 μg/mL and 320 μg/mL, respectively. These findings pose a positive impact to expand further studies in the development of nanoparticle to cancer therapy.

Chitosan membrane technology as adsorbent media: management of Tallo River Basin Makassar City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

This study aims to determine the surface area and adsorption power of the chitosan membrane against Pb (II) metal ions in the Tallo river basin and determine the optimization of Pb (II) ion absorption by chitosan membrane adsorbents and the adsorption time of the chitosan membrane against Pb (II) metal ion in Tallo river basin. The method used in this study consisted of chitosan synthesis from crab shell waste, chitosan membrane design with various membrane variations comprised of a concentration ratio of chitosan and cellulose acetate respectively 35%, 65%, 45%: 55%, 50 %: 50% and 65%: 35% with variations in adsorption time of 10; 25; 45; 60 minutes, then followed by the adsorption mechanism of the chitosan membrane against Pb (II) metal ions. Determination of the surface area was carried out using the Brunner Emmer Teller (BET) analysis. In contrast, the optimization of Pb (II) ion absorption and adsorption power was carried out using UV Vis spectrophotometry. The results showed that the surface area of the chitosan membrane reached 765 m3 / g, a pore volume of 1,267 cc / g, and a pore diameter of 4.7 nm, the adsorption capacity of the chitosan membrane against Pb (II) metal ions was 76.34%. In comparison, the adsorption capacity of the chitosan membrane against ions Pb (II) metal was 68.5 mg / g for 100 minutes. This study recommends the use of a chitosan membrane to reduce the levels of Pb (II) metal ions and improve the quality of Tallo river water for consumption.

Rheology and direct write printing of chitosan - graphene oxide nanocomposite hydrogels for differentiation of neuroblastoma cells

The direct write printing method has gained popularity in synthesizing scaffolds for tissue engineering. To achieve an excellent printability of scaffolds, a thorough evaluation of rheological properties is required. We report the synthesis, characterization, rheology, and direct-write printing of chitosan - graphene oxide (CH - GO) nanocomposite hydrogels at a varying concentration of GO in 3 and 4 wt% CH polymeric gels. Rheological characterization of CH - GO hydrogels shows that an addition of only 0.5 wt% of GO leads to a substantial increase in storage modulus (G′), viscosity, and yield stress of 3 and 4 wt% of CH hydrogels. A three-interval thixotropy test (3ITT) shows that 3 wt% CH with 0.5 wt% GO hydrogel has 94% recovery of G′ after 7 sequential stress cycles and is the best candidate for direct-write printing. Neuronal cell culture on 3 wt% CH with 0.5 wt% hydrogels reveals that GO promotes the differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells.

Synthesis, characterization and applications of chitosan based metallic nanoparticles: A review

Chitosan as a natural biopolymer has been produced to be the important host for the preparation of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) because of its excellent characteristics like:- good stabilizing and capping ability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, eco-friendly and non-toxicity properties. Chitosan can play a very important role for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles, as chitosan is a cationic polymer. It attracts metal ions and reduces them and also Capps and stabilizes. So basically chitosan can be responsible for the controlled synthesis of metallic nanoparticle. Chitosan has a very good chelating property. This property is due to its –NH2 and –OH functional groups. Size and shape of metallic nanoparticles are much affected by chitosan concentration, molecular weight, time of reaction, degree of acetylation of chitosan, pH of the medium, method of synthesis and type of derivative of chitosan etc. Metallic nanoparticles`s properties and applications are much associated with their size and shape. Optimization of the metallic nanoparticle size and shape has been the subject of curiosity for nanotechnology scientist. Chitosan can solve this problem by applying the optimization conditions. But a very little work is reported about: - how chitosan can affect the size and shape of metallic nanoparticles and how can it reduce metal salts to prepare metallic nanoparticle, stablilized in chitosan metrics. This is very first report as a review article highlighting the effect of chitosan on synthesis of metallic nanoparticles and optimization conditions. This review will also be beneficial for scientist working on food sensing application of nanoparticles. Various synthesis methods and applications of chitosan based metallic nanoparticles have also been reported in details.

The synthesis and application of chitosan coated ZnO nanorods for multifunctional cotton fabrics

It is of great interest in the interaction of fabrics with various biopolymers to improve their properties. Chitosan (CHT) is a promising biopolymer due to its abundance and challenging functions for many industries including textiles. CHT can be modified by metal and metal oxide nanoparticles to obtain new functional materials. In this study, binary chitosan-zinc oxide (CHT-ZnO) nanocomposite was successfully prepared by precipitation method. The cotton fabrics were treated by obtained bionanocomposites (BNC) using pad-dry-cure and sol-gel methods to increase their washing durability against multiple cycles. Moreover, (3-Glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) was used to improve washing durability of BNC. BNC coated fabrics were tested for the antibacterial and UV protection performances. A ternary chitosan-zinc oxide-titanium dioxide (CHT-ZnO-TiO2) nanocomposite was also synthesized to observe the changes in UV properties for the first time. The results revealed that CHT-ZnO binary complex provided very good antibacterial and UV protective properties. The results also proved that sol-gel application by GPTMS enhanced these effects against multi washing cycles of BNC treated cotton fabrics in comparison to CHT treated fabrics. The application of the ternary system changed the UV protection factor (UPF) rating of fabrics from the “very good protection” category to the “excellent protection” category.

Synthesis of chitosan –g-acrylamide-co-acrylic acid /Ag nanocomposite for extended wound healing application

New nanocomposite based on chitosan and acrylamide and silver nanoparticles has been prepared to produce wound dressing has superior properties as heamostatic and antibacterial activity. Chitosan successfully grafted with acrylamide via free radical copolymerization using potassium persulphate. Four different chitosan grafted acrylamide prepared and fully characterized through nitrogen content and ATR/IR. Cs-g- PAAM partially hydrolyzed at basic condition in presence of silver nitrate in order to prepare Cs-g-PAAm-co-PAAc/Ag nanocomposite. The optimum condition for preparing homogenous and well distributed was examined using grafted polymers were characterized using TEM and UV-vis absorption. Cs:PAAm (1:1) showed homogenous spherical silver nanoparticles and distributed particles lying at nano size range between 10-30 nm.

Synthesis and characterization of glycol chitosan coated selenium nanoparticles acts synergistically to alleviate oxidative stress and increase ginsenoside content in Panax ginseng

The objective of the present study is synthesis of glycol chitosan coated selenium nanoparticles (GC-Se NPs) and evaluation of oxidative stress and ginsenoside accumulation in P. ginseng C. A. Meyer. We synthesized (Se NPs and GC-Se NPs) and characterized using various spectroscopic analyses. The highest concentration (20 mg L−1) of GC-Se NPs induced moderate ROS (O2− and H2O2) accumulation and upregulation of PgSOD and PgCAT showing good biocompatibility and less toxicity at the highest concentration. Furthermore, ginsenoside biosynthetic pathway genes (PgHMGR, PgSS, PgSE, PgDDS) also showed significant upregulation upon 20 mg L−1 GC-Se NPs treatment. At 20 mg L−1 GC-Se NPs treatment, ginsenoside accumulated upto 217.47 mg/mL and 169.86 mg/mL mainly due to the increased proportion of Rb1 and Re ginsenosides. Altogether, our results suggested that ecofriendly conjugation of GC with Se NPs could be used as a bio fortifier to enhance the ginsenoside profile and to increase the quality of ginseng roots.

Synthesis of chitosan and amine functionalized MCM‐41 nanocomposite for the removal of acetylsalicylic acid from water using central composite design

In this study, the synthesis of the mesoporous mobile composite material No. 41 (MCM‐41) modified with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) and chitosan (Cs) was carried out successfully to form novel Cs/MCM‐41‐APS nanocomposite (NC). It was also reported that its application as an adsorbent has removed aspirin from water. The structure and morphology of NC was characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. Results showed that the APS (NH2) and chitosan were successfully incorporated onto the MCM‐41, amine group, and Cs, which improved the properties of MCM‐41. The effects of solution pH, initial aspirin concentration, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on the removal amount of aspirin were investigated and evaluated by central composite design with response surface methodology. The optimization factors in the removal process showed that the optimum removal (86%) was obtained using 3 g L−1 of adsorbent, initial aspirin concentration of 30 mg L−1, pH of 4.6, the room temperature, and 55‐min time. The equilibrium data were fitted to Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin isotherm models. The results showed that Freundlich (R2 = 0.997) isotherm model was the best fit model compared with Temkin and Langmuir isotherm models. Also, the adsorption process followed the pseudo‐second‐order kinetics model. Reuse studies revealed that the adsorbent could be regenerated and reused for adsorption cycles.