Application Of Synchronization Research Articles

Study of the Application of iPad-based Digital Learning Games in English Game Teaching in the Primary School

Game teaching can promote children's cognitive development, emotional development and social participation. This paper bases its analysis on features digital learning English games and feasibility of such games in English game teaching, and proposes an iPad-based two-dimensional target system for game teaching, and layout for teaching plan and teaching practice. English game teaching in Grade 3 is taken as an example where setting deployment, resource synchronization, skill training and class application are described in detail aided with case study. Finally, application effect and common problems are identified to provide reference for further study.

Estrus synchronization schemes and application efficacies in anestrus lanzhou fat-tailed ewes

ABSTRACTThis study aims to investigate the estrus efficacy of FIS (fluorogestone intravaginal sponges)/eCG (equine chorionic gonadotropin) and cloprostenol treatments to establish the optimum protocols for estrus synchronization in ewes. Forty-two ewes were assigned into groups A (FIS/eCG group) and B (CLO (cloprostenol) group). Each group was randomly divided into three subgroups (n = 7) according to the dose of eCG (ECG1, ECG2 and ECG3) or cloprostenol (CLO1, CLO2 and CLO3). The estrus rates, lambing rates and average litter sizes were accounted. Serum concentrations of progesterone (P4), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone were determined. Selected optimum schemes were employed in 636 ewes in four sheep farms. Estrus rates of groups A and B were 85.72% and 57.14%. Estrus onset times (EOTs) were 53.91 ± 12.26 and 46.41 ± 4.65 h for groups A and B. EOT of ECG1 was longer than that of CLO3 (P < .05). Lamb numbers, lambing rate and litter size of group B were lower than those of group A. The maximum and minimum lambing rates were calculated in ECG3 and CLO1 (157 vs. 57). On day 11, higher P4 values (P < .05) were determined of ECG3 and CLO1 compared to CLO2 and CLO3 subgroups. FSH concentration of ECG1 was significantly higher than that in group B (P < .05). Application results showed that estrus rate, pregnancy rate and lambing rates of ECG3 and CLO3 protocols were 95.97% vs. 70.91%, 91.37% vs. 88.89% and 149.87% vs 132.69% (P < .05), respectively. FIS/eCG and cloprostenol improved estrus synchronization. Injection of 400 IU eCG after FIS withdrawal was an optimum protocol for estrus synchronization of ewes.

A Method to Improve the Dynamic Performance of Moving Average Filter-Based PLL

Phase-locked loop (PLL) technique is widely used for synchronization applications. A variety of moving average filter (MAF)-based PLLs have been presented in recently published literatures. MAF-based PLL can completely eliminate the effect of unbalanced voltage, characteristic harmonics, and dc offset. Unfortunately, the open-loop bandwidth is drastically reduced after incorporating MAF into the PLL structure. The problem is analyzed in detail in this paper, and it is proved to be caused by the large MAF window width which is determined by the lowest order harmonic. Then, an improved method named differential MAF-PLL (DMAF-PLL) is proposed. This method can rapidly eliminate the lowest order harmonic to narrow the MAF window width. DMAF-PLL is realized by incorporating a special proportional component into the MAF-based PLL. The special proportional component can online change its value according to the frequency of input signal, and it will not introduce phase lag, so as not to deteriorate the stability of PLL. DMAF-PLL increases the open-loop bandwidth and greatly improves the dynamic performance of MAF-based PLL, and it is easy to be implemented with low computational burden. DMAF-PLL can be used in both three-phase and single-phase voltage systems. Simulation and experimental results are included to validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.

FRAMEWORK DEVELOPMENT OF REAL-TIME LIP SYNC ANIMATION ON VISEME BASED HUMAN SPEECH

Performance of real-time lip sync animation is an approach to perform a virtual computer generated character talk, which synchronizes an accurate lip movement and sound in live. Based on the review, the creation of lip sync animation in real-time is particularly challenging in mapping the lip animation movement and sounds that are synchronized. The fluidity and accuracy in natural speech are one of the most difficult things to do convincingly in facial animation. People are very sensitive to this when you get it wrong because we are all focused on faces. Especially in real time application, the visual impact needed is immediate, commanding and convincing to the audience. A research on viseme based human speech was conducted to develop a lip synchronization platform in order to achieve an accurate lip motion with the sounds that are synchronized as well as increase the visual performance of the facial animation. Through this research, a usability automated digital speech system for lip sync animation was developed. Automatic designed with the use of simple synchronization tricks which generally improve accuracy and realistic visual impression and implementation of advanced features into lip synchronization application. This study allows simulation of lip synching in real time and offline application. Hence, it can be applied in various areas such as entertainment, education, tutoring, animation and live performances, such as theater, broadcasting, education and live presentation.

Rapid Tracking of Grid Variables Using Prefiltered Synchronous Reference Frame PLL

For synchronization applications, synchronous reference frame (SRF) phase-locked loop (PLL) is widely deployed. Its performance is excellent when the input voltage consists of only fundamental positive sequence (FPS) component. If the grid voltage is unbalanced or polluted with harmonics and dc offset, its performance degrades. Many modifications were proposed to address this issue. However, the removal of dc offset and fundamental negative sequence (FNS) component without compromising the dynamic performance still remains a challenging task. To this end, this paper presents a rapid Type-1 SRF PLL scheme with preloop filtering stage for tracking the attributes of grid voltage FPS component. Fixed sampling period sliding discrete Fourier transform (SDFT) and instantaneous symmetrical components method are employed in the preloop stage. With this modification, the dc offset, harmonics and the FNS component are rejected and only the FPS component enters the PLL. As a result, transients vanish quickly. However, when the grid frequency drifts, SDFT causes amplitude and phase errors, and Type-1 PLL introduces a steady-state tracking error in phase. These errors are compensated with the help of an error correction criteria. Robustness and the improved transient response of the proposed scheme are demonstrated with an experimental study involving real-time controller board (dSPACE DS1104) and three-phase programmable power source.

Comparison of time scales of NTP-servers with application of the Internet-network

This report describes the uncertainty of the consumer’s time scale synchronization with the NTP-server time scale and the possibility of comparisons of state time standards with application of the NTP Protocol synchronization and formation of lines in the KCDB BIPM SMS database in the result of comparisons.

Fractional-order systems without equilibria: The first example of hyperchaos and its application to synchronization

A challenging topic in nonlinear dynamics concerns the study of fractional-order systems without equilibrium points. In particular, no paper has been published to date regarding the presence of hyperchaos in these systems. This paper aims to bridge the gap by introducing a new example of fractional-order hyperchaotic system without equilibrium points. The conducted analysis shows that hyperchaos exists in the proposed system when its order is as low as 3.84. Moreover, an interesting application of hyperchaotic synchronization to the considered fractional-order system is provided.

DeNovoSync

Current shared-memory hardware is complex and inefficient. Prior work on the DeNovo coherence protocol showed that disciplined shared-memory programming models can enable more complexity-, performance-, and energy-efficient hardware than the state-of-the-art MESI protocol. DeNovo, however, severely restricted the synchronization constructs an application can support. This paper proposes DeNovoSync, a technique to support arbitrary synchronization in DeNovo. The key challenge is that DeNovo exploits race-freedom to use reader-initiated local self-invalidations (instead of conventional writer-initiated remote cache invalidations) to ensure coherence. Synchronization accesses are inherently racy and not directly amenable to self-invalidations. DeNovoSync addresses this challenge using a novel combination of registration of all synchronization reads with a judicious hardware backoff to limit unnecessary registrations. For a wide variety of synchronization constructs and applications, compared to MESI, DeNovoSync shows comparable or up to 22% lower execution time and up to 58% lower network traffic, enabling DeNovo's advantages for a much broader class of software than previously possible.

DeNovoSync

Current shared-memory hardware is complex and inefficient. Prior work on the DeNovo coherence protocol showed that disciplined shared-memory programming models can enable more complexity-, performance-, and energy-efficient hardware than the state-of-the-art MESI protocol. DeNovo, however, severely restricted the synchronization constructs an application can support. This paper proposes DeNovoSync, a technique to support arbitrary synchronization in DeNovo. The key challenge is that DeNovo exploits race-freedom to use reader-initiated local self-invalidations (instead of conventional writer-initiated remote cache invalidations) to ensure coherence. Synchronization accesses are inherently racy and not directly amenable to self-invalidations. DeNovoSync addresses this challenge using a novel combination of registration of all synchronization reads with a judicious hardware backoff to limit unnecessary registrations. For a wide variety of synchronization constructs and applications, compared to MESI, DeNovoSync shows comparable or up to 22% lower execution time and up to 58% lower network traffic, enabling DeNovo's advantages for a much broader class of software than previously possible.

Network-Based Timing, Genlock and Time Code Using Precision Time Protocol

Broadcast genlock is currently achieved using an analog video signal as the reference. As facilities progress toward new video formats, and also become multiformat, the use of a single analog video reference becomes progressively less appropriate. Genlock systems need to translate from the reference to the desired production format, involving complex ratios of frequency and timing. There is also no standard for the phase relationship between different video formats, although this may be important in multiformat facilities. IEEE 1588 1 supports the transport of time with a high degree of accuracy, and it allows that time to be defined relative to an epoch. Using this information, any video or audio format's timing can be generated reliably and consistently. IEEE 1588 allows for each application to define its own profile. SMPTE has defined a profile for broadcast facility use. This paper explores the choices involved in the profile and ways in which it can be applied to practical media synchronization applications.

Computational techniques for reachability analysis of Max-Plus-Linear systems

This work discusses a computational approach to reachability analysis of Max-Plus-Linear (MPL) systems, a class of discrete-event systems widely used in synchronization and scheduling applications. Given a set of initial states, we characterize and compute its “reach tube,” namely the collection of set of reachable states (regarded step-wise as “reach sets”). By an alternative characterization of the MPL dynamics, we show that the exact computation of the reach sets can be performed quickly and compactly by manipulations of difference-bound matrices, and further derive worst-case bounds on the complexity of these operations. The approach is also extended to backward reachability analysis. The concepts and results are elucidated by a running example, and we further illustrate the performance of the approach by a numerical benchmark: the technique comfortably handles twenty-dimensional MPL systems (i.e. with twenty continuous state variables), and as such it outperforms the state-of-the-art alternative approaches in the literature.

Fuzzy logic-based technique for enhancement of kalman filter based PLL

In grid connected applications power electronic converters need to be synchronized correctly with the power system. Quick and precise positive/negative sequence extraction of the grid voltage is the major challenge in synchronization. Phase-locked loop PLL is well known method for phase angle and frequency detection. Up to now numerous PLL based techniques are proposed to perform this task. This paper deals with the proposing a modified Kalman-filter based PLL KF-PLL. The performance of this PLL depends on how to properly tune the frequency identifier system. Therefore to enhance the performance of this PLL a fuzzy based technique is proposed which effectively makes the Kalman-based PLL better. The designed fuzzy system adjusts ku parameter which is responsible for speed of the convergence of real time frequency identifier block of the KF-PLL system. The proposed detection system is simple, and precisely finds the fundamental component of grid voltage within one cycle, that is fast enough for almost all synchronization application. Meanwhile, the method guaranties the zero steady state error in complicated harmonic scenarios, including all typical single phase and three phase harmonics. The simulation results depict the influence of fuzzy logic technique on KF-PLL improvement.

Effectiveness of 5S Application in Tea Industry and Synchronization of 5S into ISO 22000:2005

A study was conducted to develop an ISO 22000 generic model for tea industry in synchronization with 5S while considering changes in currently adapted systems, processes, practices and adaptation to design synergetic technical solutions. Thus all stakeholders in tea manufacturing process were interviewed and requested to use the developed documents as a user innovation strategy and incorporated progressive changes in design until both document management and user’s requirements were satisfied. The documents were prepared in local language and 5S work instructions were enriched with food hygiene requirements instead of developing new set of instructions where harmonization, modification and adaptation was very effective. Work instructions, cleaning and housekeeping were further integrated while enriching with relevant standards to be met after cleaning as well as relevant records and references. Consequently, work instructions, preventive maintenance, general housekeeping, training and standardization were properly synchronized where it was used from existing 5S systems with modifications to harmonize and comply with ISO 22000 as well as 5S requirements which reduced the time spent for recordings on two systems. Synchronization reduced the number of documents used in the food safety management system up to a great extent and frequency of recording while improving the effectiveness of recording.

Application of Observer-based Chaotic Synchronization and Identifiability to the Original CSK Model for Secure Information Transmission

The modified Lozi system is analyzed as chaotic PRNG and synchronized via observers. The objective of the study is to investigate chaotic-based encryption method that preserves CSK model advantages, but improves the security level. The CSK model have been discussed to message encryption because it implies better resistance against noise, but there are many evidences of the model weaknesses. The investigation provides the original CSK model analyses of secure message transmission over the communication channel by examining identifiability and observability; switched regimes detection; sensitivity to initial conditions and session key; NIST tests of the encrypted signal; correlation between wrong decrypted messages; system ergodicity. The proposed model has a significant effect on the security level of the transmitted signal that successfully passed chaotic and randomness tests. The results suggest that the original CSK model can be used for information security applications.

Development of Real-Time Lip Sync Animation Framework Based On Viseme Human Speech

Lip synchronization is a technical term for matching lip movements with sound. Drawings, clay puppets and computer meshed avatar do not talk, so when the characters are required to say something, their dialogue has to be recorded and analysed first before keyframe and animate them speaking. Therefore, the creation of lip sync animation is particularly challenging in mapping the lip animation movement and sounds that are synchronized. A research on performing lip synching animation in real time is conducted and a framework is designed for development of automated digital speech system. Performance of real-time lip sync animation is an approach to perform a virtual computer generated character, which synchronizes an accurate lip movement and sound in live. Visemes are used as an method to the basic animation parameters in estimating visual similarities between different phonemes. The study of visemes includes speech processing, speech recognition and computer facial animation based on human speech. As an results, the research framework is important to lip sync animation for applying viseme based human lip shapes in mapping the mouth and sound that are synchronized in real time animation. It also as a guide for lip sync animation with the use of simple synchronization tricks which generally improve accuracy and realistic visual impression and implementation of advanced features into lip synchronization application.

Application of Synchronization Controlling for the Unified Chaos System in Secure Communication

The linear feedback synchronization of the unified chaos system was researched, which was applied in the secure communication based on the chaotic parameter modulation. Information signals were used to modulate some parameter of the unified chaotic system in the sending terminal, and in the receiving terminal the chaotic content was then obtained based on the chaotic synchronization signal, then the information signals recover effectively. The simulation results show that the synchronization time is very short and the recovered signals are close to the information signals and it can realize secret communication successfully, having strong security and practicability.

Utilizing the extent of theta-gamma synchronization to estimate visuospatial memory ability.

The ability of human memory declines due to normal aging and cognitive diseases, which means that everyone will eventually be affected by this problem. Fortunately, memory ability can be improved by training, and early detection and treatment can even actively prevent serious memory loss. Based on this principle, we aimed to identify a method for estimating the memory ability in order to slow the progression of memory loss. Numerous studies have found that coupling between the theta and gamma bands (also referred to as theta-gamma synchronization) reflect memory processes, with this being more pronounced when maintaining working memory. This study measured the extent of theta-gamma synchronization, and used a wavelet transform to observe the activity in the theta and gamma bands during a visuospatial memory task. The findings showed that there was a pronounced change during the encoding and retrieval phases of a working-memory task, and a significant correlation between the rate of correct responses and the synchronization index in the parietal brain area. We propose that the extent of theta-gamma synchronization can be used to estimate the working-memory ability. The further application of theta-gamma synchronization in both clinical and home situations may be expected in the future.

New estimate the bounds for the generalized Lorenz system

The bound of a chaotic system is important for chaos control, chaos synchronization, and other applications. In the present paper, the bounds of the generalized Lorenz system are studied, based on the Lyapunov function theory and the Lagrange multiplier method. We obtain a precise bound for the generalized Lorenz system. The rate of the trajectories is also obtained. Furthermore, we perform the numerical simulations. Numerical simulations are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Isochronal synchronization in networks and chaos-based TDMA communication

Pairs of delay-coupled chaotic systems were shown to be able to achieve isochronal synchronization under bidirectional coupling and self-feedback. Such identical-in-time behavior was demonstrated to be stable under a set of conditions and to support simultaneous bidirectional communication between pairs of chaotic oscillators coupled with time-delay. More recently, it was shown that isochronal synchronization can emerge in networks with several hundreds of oscillators, which allows its exploitation for communication in distributed systems. In this paper, we introduce a conceptual framework for the application of isochronal synchronization to TDMA communication in networks of delay-coupled chaotic oscillators. On the basis of the stable and identical-in-time behavior of delay-coupled chaotic systems, the chaotic dynamics of distributed oscillators is used to support and sustain coordinate communication among nodes over the network. On the basis of the unique features of chaotic systems in isochronal synchronization, the chaotic signals are used to timestamp clock readings at the physical layer such that logical clock synchronization among the nodes (a prerequisite for TDMA) can be exploited using the same basic structure. The result is a standalone network communication scheme that can be advantageously applied in the context of ad-hoc networks or alike, especially short-ranged ones that yield low values of time-delay. As explored to its depths in practical implementations, this conceptual framework is argued to have potential to provide gain in simplicity, security and efficiency in communication schemes for autonomous/standalone network applications.

On the Relationship between the Synchronous State and the Solution of an Isolated Node in a Complex Network

摘要: 复杂网络同步是复杂系统和复杂网络的前沿研究方向之一，已经取得很大的进展. 但是对于节点以耦合矩阵左特征向量加权平均态、孤立节点的解与网络的同步态之间具有什么关系，什么是网络的同步态和同步轨等基本问题仍然缺乏深入的研究，弄清楚这些问题对于复杂网络同步的理解和应用具有重要的意义. 本文采用数学分析方法证明，如果网络同步，则加权平均态 x = j=1Njxj可以定义为同步态，一般来说，x在正极限集的意义下，也就是孤立节点方程的解. 因此在实际应用中，把孤立节点方程的解s（t） 与加权平均态x不加区别地对待是合理的. 同步态是不依赖于初始条件的通解，而同步轨是依赖于初始条件的特解. 对于混沌节点的网络，同步态应该理解为吸引子，而不是某一条轨道. 最后，本文还提供一些实例加以说明，并指出一些尚待解决的问题. 关键词: 复杂网络 / 同步态 / 同步轨 / 孤立节点