Symptoms Of Liver Damage Research Articles

Paracetamol is both a friend and a foe: What should a pediatrician know? A clinical case

One of the most common drug-related side effects is hepatotoxicity. The most common cause of severe drug-induced liver injury is acetaminophen (paracetamol), as it is an over-the-counter drug. Paracetamol is safe and effective in children and adolescents at therapeutic doses; however, it is the leading cause of acute liver failure in children (21% of cases) and adults (40%) with overdose. The clinical presentation of toxic liver damage depends on the time elapsed after taking paracetamol and its dose. Symptoms of liver damage are not always obvious but can develop rapidly from day 2 to day 5 after poisoning. The article presents a clinical case of an unintentional overdose of paracetamol in a teenage girl due to non-compliance with the dose and regimen.

TARGETED IMMUNOTHERAPY FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: A CLINICAL CASE

Relevance: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the liver. HCC is one of the most important problems of the oncology service of Kazakhstan, as it has a progressive course, late detection, low survival, and unfavorable prognosis.
 The study aimed to evaluate the use of targeted immunotherapy in treating hepatocellular carcinoma in a clinical example.
 Methods: The paper presents a clinical case of targeted immunotherapy in combination with Atezolizumab 1200 mg + Bevacizumab 800 mg, once every 3 weeks, in treating HCC in the Regional Oncology Center in Kyzylorda.
 Results: The first symptoms of liver damage appeared in 2018, at which time HCC was discovered. Viral hepatitis B was diagnosed in 2016. MRI OBP from 15.08.20: a picture of the right lobe of the liver in S5 – 9×7×6 cm, in S3 – 3.7 cm, in S7 – 3.0 cm, in S8 – 2.5 cm. During the follow-up examination (July 2021), the enzyme immunoassay revealed a high angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) level of 450.56 IU/ml; the abdominal CT scan showed no deterioration. Later, despite the therapy, ACE increased rapidly: 2,595.3 IU/ml (August 2021) and 2,142.25 IU/ml (September 2021), and the therapy was changed to Regorafenib. ACE continued to rise to 4,405 IU/ml (November 2021) and 18,005 IU/ml (December 2021). A control abdominal CT scan showed a moderate reduction in the size of the tumor.
 Taking into account a steady ACE increase, in February 2022, the patient was recommended therapy with Atezolizumab and Bevacizumab. In January 2023, the patient has already received 13 courses, and ACE continued to decrease: 1,932 IU/ml (January 2023), 53.38 IU/ml (February 2023), 16.07 IU/ml (March 2023), and the abdominal CT scan showed positive dynamics.
 Conclusion: Targeted immunotherapy showed its effectiveness in the described case of inoperable HCC and allowed the patient to continue living, working, and leading an active lifestyle for more than 18 months.

TARGETED IMMUNOTHERAPY FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA:
 A CLINICAL CASE

Relevance: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the liver. HCC is one of the most important problems
 of the oncology service of Kazakhstan, as it has a progressive course, late detection, low survival, and unfavorable prognosis.
 The study aimed to evaluate the use of targeted immunotherapy in treating hepatocellular carcinoma in a clinical example.
 Methods: The paper presents a clinical case of targeted immunotherapy in combination with Atezolizumab 1200 mg + Bevacizumab 800 mg,
 once every 3 weeks, in treating HCC in the Regional Oncology Center in Kyzylorda.
 Results: The first symptoms of liver damage appeared in 2018, at which time HCC was discovered. Viral hepatitis B was diagnosed in 2016.
 MRI OBP from 15.08.20: a picture of the right lobe of the liver in S5 – 9×7×6 cm, in S3 – 3.7 cm, in S7 – 3.0 cm, in S8 – 2.5 cm. During the follow-up
 examination (July 2021), the enzyme immunoassay revealed a high angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) level of 450.56 IU/ml; the abdominal CT
 scan showed no deterioration. Later, despite the therapy, ACE increased rapidly: 2,595.3 IU/ml (August 2021) and 2,142.25 IU/ml (September 2021),
 and the therapy was changed to Regorafenib. ACE continued to rise to 4,405 IU/ml (November 2021) and 18,005 IU/ml (December 2021). A control
 abdominal CT scan showed a moderate reduction in the size of the tumor.
 Taking into account a steady ACE increase, in February 2022, the patient was recommended therapy with Atezolizumab and Bevacizumab. In
 January 2023, the patient has already received 13 courses, and ACE continued to decrease: 1,932 IU/ml (January 2023), 53.38 IU/ml (February
 2023), 16.07 IU/ml (March 2023), and the abdominal CT scan showed positive dynamics.
 Conclusion: Targeted immunotherapy showed its effectiveness in the described case of inoperable HCC and allowed the patient to continue
 living, working, and leading an active lifestyle for more than 18 months.

Analysis of clinical and genetic variation in neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency

Objective: To investigate the clinical phenotype and gene variation conditions in neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD), so as to provide a basis for genetic counseling and clinical diagnosis and treatment of the family. Methods: 11 cases of neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis who visited the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University between February 2019 and March 2021 were selected as the study subjects. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to detect the gene variation condition in 11 neonatal patients and 100 normal control neonates. The suspicious loci and family members were verified by Sanger sequencing and QPCR technology. Results: All 11 children with NICCD had different degrees of jaundice and liver damage symptoms, combined with coagulation dysfunction and anemia (n = 7), cardiac malformation (n = 2), elevated myocardial enzymes (n = 4), hyperlipidemia (n = 1), hyperkalemia (n = 1), persistent diarrhea (n = 3), developmental delay (n = 1). A total of 10 different types of SLC25A13 gene mutations were detected in 11 cases, including three frameshift mutations, two splicing changes, two missense mutations, one intron insertion, one nonsense mutation, and one heterozygous deletion. After reviewing literature and databases, c.1878delG(p.I627Sfs*73) and exon11 deletion were novel mutations that had not been reported at home or abroad. Conclusion: The clinical features of NICCD are non-specific, and genetic testing aids in the early and accurate diagnosis of the disease, providing an important basis for clinical treatment and genetic counseling for family members. In addition, the detection of novel mutation sites has enriched the SLC25A13 gene variation spectrum.

Mushroom Poisoning and Treatments

The poisoning mushroom can affect the human body and is even lethal. This review summarizes gastroenteritis, hemolytic and liver damage caused by poisoning mushroom, as well as therapy methods for a variety of toxins. The main symptoms of gastroenteritis include acute nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. For that, the common treatments include vomiting, gastric lovage and catharsis. The manifestation of hemolytic contains interic, acute anemia, liver adds spleen enlargement. The main approaches used to alleviate the effects are cortisone and atrium biacrbonate. Moreover, serious anemic people can use adrenal cortical hormones or Transfusion Therapy. The symptoms of liver damage are quite similar to gastroenteritis and hemolytic, but the manifestation is instruction regarding form doctors and over-the counter medicines. With prompt treatment, most minor symptoms can be cured. However, if the toxin has damaged the endoplasmic reticulum from liver nucleus, it would be difficult for patients to recover. Future research may focuse on precise treatment methods of mushroom positioning. More efforts should be made to facilitate the awareness of people about poisoning mushrooms to prevent mushroom poisoning.

SARS-CoV-2 infection of human pluripotent stem cell-derived liver organoids reveals potential mechanisms of liver pathology

Although respiratory symptoms are the most prevalent disease manifestation of infection by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), infection can also damage other organs, including the brain, gut, and liver. Symptoms of liver damage are observed in nearly half of patients that succumb to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here we use human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived liver organoids (HLOs) to recapitulate and characterize liver pathology following virus exposure. Utilizing single-cell sequencing technology, we identified robust transcriptomic changes that occur in SARS-CoV-2 infected liver cells as well as uninfected bystander cells. Our results show a significant induction of many inflammatory pathways, including IFN-α, INF-γ, and IL-6 signaling. Our results further identify IL-6 signaling as a potential mechanism for liver-mediated activation of circulating macrophages.

Liver Damage during Dengue Fever in Ouagadougou

Dengue fever is widespread in all tropical and subtropical areas of the world and is the main public health problem posed by arboviroses. In Burkina Faso, an outbreak of dengue serotype “DENV-2”, which is responsible for severe forms of dengue, has been reported. In this study, we will discuss liver damage during this disease. The aim of this study was to describe the sociodemographic, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of dengue patients with hepatic cytolysis. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study of dengue disease in 2 facilities in the city of Ouagadougou. The study was spread over a period of 3 months from August to November 2019. The study population consisted of all patients hospitalised for dengue with a positive AgNS1 and/or IgM rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and presenting signs of liver damage. Results: During our study period we recruited 134 patients with dengue fever of which 93 or 69.4% had at least one elevated transaminase. The sex ratio was 1.90 and the average age was 35 years. Symptoms of liver damage were rare with right hypochondrial pain in 4.30% of cases and jaundice in 1.07% of cases. Dengue haemorrhagic fever was found in 5 patients. IgG was negative in 77.42%. The majority of patients (44% or 47.31%) had at least one transaminase value elevated to the upper limit of normal (ULN); and a minority, 14 patients or 15.06%, had transaminases above 10 ULN. A small proportion of patients had hepatocellular failure 26.92% with a lowered prothrombin level. Ninety-four per cent (94.62%) of the patients received analgesics. Level 1 analgesic (paracetamol) was the most widely administered, particularly in 76 patients (86.36%). More than half of the patients (57.14%) had a length of stay of less than or equal to 3 days and the outcome was favourable in 91.40%. Conclusion: Dengue virus causes alterations in the liver parenchyma. The degree of liver damage is variable. As clinical symptoms are almost non-existent, the measurement of transaminases remains important.

Features of the Epidemic Process of Viral Hepatitis A and E in the Russian Federation

Relevance. In the Russian Federation, in recent decades, there has been a decrease in the incidence of hepatitis A (HA), at the same time, not only sporadic morbidity is registered, but also an outbreak. A decrease in the circulation of the HA virus affected the increase in the number of people without antibodies to the virus, which led to a shift in the incidence to older age groups and an increase in more severe forms of the disease. Hepatitis E (HE) is quite widespread in the world, and its specific weight in the structure of acute viral hepatitis in some countries reaches 50.0%. HE has been registered in the Russian Federation only since 2013. only in certain territories, and the incidence rates are very low. In all likelihood, this indicates a hidden circulation of the HE virus in the Russian Federation. To understand the current epidemiological situation in the incidence of HA and HE, it is necessary to understand the current trends in the epidemic process of these infections. The purpose of this work was to compile an epidemiological characteristic of the incidence of hepatitis A and E in the population of the Russian Federation at the present stage for the formation of proposals for improving the system of preventive and anti-epidemic measures.Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, a retrospective epidemiological analysis of the incidence of viral hepatitis A and E in the territory of the Russian Federation, including in federal districts, was carried out. The materials for the study were the forms of official statistical observation No. 2, 5, 6 and 23, as well as state reports «On the state of sanitary and epidemiological well-being» in the Russian Federation region for 2011–2020.Results. The conducted research allows us to compare the epidemic process of hepatitis A and E in the Russian Federation with other regions of the world. The intensity of the epidemic process of HA has significantly decreased, at the same time, there is an uneven distribution of morbidity in various federal districts. In the age structure of patients with HA, the highest incidence rates are observed among the child population and adolescents. The frequency of HA infection and a decrease in the specific weight in the structure of acute viral hepatitis were revealed. Although the territory of the Russian Federation is not endemic for hepatitis E, this disease has taken root completely. The incidence of hepatitis E in the Russian Federation is at a sporadic level. The highest incidence of HE in the Russian Federation was observed among the adult population aged 18 years and older. The issue of carrying out preventive measures, including vaccination, remains relevant.Conclusion. On the territory of the Russian Federation, there is currently a steady trend of reducing the incidence of hepatitis A. However, children under the age of 14, adolescents, as well as nonimmune adults, among whom cases of diseases are registered, are still at risk. This requires adjusting the methods of preventing this infection, which is possible not only by improving sanitary and communal improvements, but also by vaccination within the national vaccination calendar, and not only for epidemic indications. The true incidence of HE today is obviously much higher than that recorded in official statistical forms, and this requires the introduction into clinical practice (especially at the polyclinic level) of modern available tests for detecting markers of the hepatitis E virus when examining patients with symptoms of liver damage, as well as the development of effective prevention methods.

Проблемные вопросы аутоиммунного гепатита у детей

В последнее время все чаще встречается аутоиммунный гепатит (autoimmune hepatitis; АІН), который, как указано в рекомендациях EASL 2015 года, может быть в любых популяциях и во всех возрастных группах. Этиология АІН неизвестна, патогенез изучен недостаточно. Триггерные факторы не установлены. Они могут относиться как к средовым, так и к инфекционным агентам. Аутоиммунный гепатит является гетерогенным как по клиническим, так и по серологическим проявлениям, характеризуется широким спектром клинической картины заболевания: от бессимптомного течения до тяжелого, с наличием внепеченочных проявлений, которые могут касаться многих органов и систем, или без них. Манифестация АІН имеет разнообразные клинические проявления, не является клинически стабильным процессом, его необходимо исключать у всех пациентов, имеющих симптомы поражения печени. Представлены собственные случаи АІН у детей с нетипичной манифестацией заболевания. Ключевыми в диагностике АІН являются обнаружение аутоантител и использование педиатрической балльной шкалы диагностики АІН. За исключением фульминантного течения заболевания, АІН хорошо реагирует на иммуносупрессивную терапию независимо от степени нарушения функций печени. В детском возрасте ремиссия достигается у 60–90 % пациентов в зависимости от тяжести заболевания при его манифестации, скорости и степени ответа на лечение.

N-Methylformamide. Documentation of proposed values of occupational exposure limits (OELs)

N-Methylformamide is a colorless liquid with an ammoniacal odor, used as a solvent and an intermediate for chemical reactions. There are no data on occupational exposure in Poland. N-Methylformamide is very well absorbed into the human body. The LD50 values for N-methylformamide administered to animals in various routes are similar (2600 ÷ 4000 mg/kg bw). After single or short-term administration of the compound in doses of 100 ÷ 1200 mg/kg bw. worsening symptoms of liver damage have been observed. No-observed adverse effect concentration (NOAEC) was established at 120 mg/m3 (two-week inhalation exposure in rats). Increase of hepatotoxic effect of N-methylformamide were observed at concentrations of 320 mg/m3 and 980 mg/m3. There are no data on sub-chronic, chronic and carcinogenic effects of the compound in laboratory animals. N-Methylformamide was not mutagenic and genotoxic. It caused embryotoxic and teratogenic effects. The NOAEC value (120 mg/m3) was used as the basis for determining the MAC (maximum acceptable concentration) value for N-methylformamide, and the MAC value for N-methylformamide was calculated at 3.3 mg/m3. There are no basis to determine the short-term value (STEL) and biological limit value (BLV). It has been proposed to label the compound as "Ft" (toxic for reproduction) and "skin" (skin absorption of the substance may be as important as inhalation exposure). This article discusses the problems of occupational safety and health, which are covered by health sciences and environmental engineering

Clinical and Immunomorphological Features of Liver Damage in Severe Preeclampsia

Background.Liver diseases associated with pregnancy are recorded in 0.73% of pregnant women, often accompanied by the development of hepatic dysfunction/insufficiency, and are the cause of increased morbidity and mortality in both mother and child. A pathomorphological study helps to understand the pathophysiology of severe liver damage in preeclampsia, and to optimize the management of such patients.Aims to study the clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical features of liver tissue lesions in the most severe forms of preeclampsia and eclampsia, which ended in death.Methods.Autopsy material analysis of 10 patients who died from preeclampsia, eclampsia and their complications (main group) and 3 patients who died from other causes (comparison group). Pathomorphological and immunohistochemical studies of organs and tissues (in particular, liver tissue) were performed using a marker of neurons and neuroendocrine cells -NSE and a marker of endotheliocytes CD-34.Results.An immunohistochemical study with a CD-34 endotheliocyte marker in the main group revealed a vascularization deficiency in the 2nd and 3rd zone of hepatic acini, there were also foci of necrosis. Such changes indicate deep and prolonged hypoperfusion. The use of the NSE marker in the group of patients who died from preeclampsia/eclampsia revealed a sharp increase in Kupffer cells in the first and second zones of acini with pronounced immunoexpression of NSE in the nuclei and cytoplasm of these cells, which indicates severe hepatic dysfunction (in particular, impaired detoxification and elimination functions of the liver). At the same time, only 3 out of 10 women in the main group are clinically registered with HELLP syndrome, while the rest had signs of multiple organ (including acute liver) failure.Conclusions.The clinical symptoms of liver damage, including those with severe preeclampsia, arise, as a rule, already against the background of severe morphological changes in its tissue and, as a rule, indicate functional decompensation. Liver immunology remains little studied, which requires further research on this problem.

Protein hydrolysate from potato confers hepatic-protection in hamsters against high fat diet induced apoptosis and fibrosis by suppressing Caspase-3 and MMP2/9 and by enhancing Akt-survival pathway

BackgroundA potato protein hydrolysate, APPH is a potential anti-obesity diet ingredient. Since, obesity leads to deterioration of liver function and associated liver diseases, in this study the effect of APPH on high fat diet (HFD) associated liver damages was investigated.MethodsSix week old male hamsters were randomly separated to six groups (n = 8) as control, HFD (HFD fed obese), L-APPH (HFD + 15 mg/kg/day of APPH), M-APPH (HFD + 30 mg/kg/day), H-APPH (HFD + 75 mg/kg/day of APPH) and PB (HFD + 500 mg/kg/day of probucol). HFD fed hamsters were administered with APPH 50 days through oral gavage. The animals were euthanized and the number of apoptotic nuclei in liver tissue was determined by TUNEL staining and the extent of interstitial fibrosis was determined by Masson’s trichrome staining. Modulation in the molecular events associated with apoptosis and fibrosis were elucidated from the western blotting analysis of the total protein extracts.ResultsHamsters fed with high fat diet showed symptoms of liver damage as measured from serum markers like alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels. However a 50 day long supplementation of APPH effectively ameliorated the effects of HFD. HFD also modulated the expression of survival and apoptosis proteins in the hamster liver. Further the HFD groups showed elevated levels of fibrosis markers in liver. The increase in fibrosis and apoptosis was correlated with the increase in the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (pERK1/2) revealing a potential role of ERK in the HFD mediated liver damage. However APPH treatment reduced the effect of HFD on the apoptosis and fibrosis markers considerably and provided hepato-protection.ConclusionAPPH can therefore be considered as an efficient therapeutic agent to ameliorate high fat diet related liver damages.

CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS, TUBERCULOSIS, AND HIV AS COMORBIDITY: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE

With the aim of improving the system of epidemiological surveillance and monitoring of the most significant and socially determined co-infections, carried out the epidemiological analysis of viral hepatitis B and C, tuberculosis and HIV infection who were registered in the Clinical infectious hospital named. S. P. Botkin in the beginning of this century (17-year period). Examined 707 patients. The comparison carried out between the three groups of patients co-infected identified in 1998–2001 year (period I, 128 patients), 2008– 2011 year (period II, 334 patients) and in 2013–2014 (period III, 245 patients). The proportion of patients with acute viral hepatitis in the first period was 24.2%, and the second and third periods, their share declined to 0,6% and 0,4%. Among the chronic viral hepatitis in the first and second periods were dominated by chronic viral hepatitis C (of 28,1 and 39,8%), and in the third period came to dominate the hepatitis caused by combination viruses B and C (58,8 per cent). Symptoms of liver damage and the activity of enzymes in patients co-infected testified to the increase in the number of cases of cirrhosis of this body and served morphological studies, the prevalence of liver cirrhosis increased more than 4 times, from 8,6% (first period) to 26,9% (period III). Changes of tuberculosis, showed a significant increase in the share of common forms of tuberculosis, including disseminated tuberculosis of the lungs from 19,5% to 57,6% (3 times), and lymph system, including tuberculosis of lymphatic nodes of the chest from 3,1% (period I) to 27,8% (period II). The main changes in patients with co-infection was associated with HIV, whose share increased from 10,0% of (period I) to 91,8% (period III). The mortality of patients co-infected increased from 11,7 to 34,7% (3 times).

Clinical analysis of 38 patients for hyperthyroidism with liver damage

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestation and therapy method of hyperthyroidism accompanied by liver damage. Methods To analyze the clinical data of 38 cases those with hyperthyroidism accompanied by liver damage and divide them by damage degree into two groups,one of which contains mild impairment of 26 cases and the other one contains severe impairment of 12 cases. Then make a analysis about the comparison of the two groups on the level of thyroid disorders and the correlation with liver damage. Results Of all the 38 cases 26 (68. 4％ ) cases have slight liver damage and 12(31.6％ ) cases have severe liver damage. The symptom:26 cases have abdominal distension in different degree, weakness, sickness, port colored urine, aurigo and so on. 2 cases have hepatomegaly. 10 cases have no obvious symptoms of liver damage. The FT3 and FT4 in the severely liver-impaired group is obviously higher than the slightly liver-damaged group( (t =3.16,3.27, allP ＜ 0. 05 ) ,while the TSH is obviously lower( t =3.09 ,P ＜ 0.05 ). 38 cases are all healed and the symptom of hyperthyroidism has got under control. The cases of ATD therapy or 131 I therapy are not any aggravated in liver damage. Conclusion Hyperthyroidism may lead to liver damage whose level is directly proportional to the level of thyroid dysfunction. And the result can be different, even no any symptom. Key words: Hyperthyroidism; Hepatic insufficiency

Effect of feeding enzymatically detoxified aflatoxin‐B1 diet on liver function test of wistar rats

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate safety of the enzymatic treatment (garlic peroxidase) for removing aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) from foods.Design/methodology/approachAn in vivo study was carried out on male wistar rats for three weeks. Since AFB1 is a hepatotoxic; the effect of AFB1 and the enzymatic detoxification of AFB1 on the liver function was studied by determining the serum activities of various hepatic enzymes in different groups of experimental rats.FindingsThe peroxidase (POD) isolated from garlic possess AFB1 degrading properties and the overall detoxification is safe to be used in various foods/feeds as the reaction products produced no toxicity in the adult male wistar rats. Rats fed with aflatoxin contaminated diet possessed increased activities of all the hepatic enzymes investigated; showing symptoms of liver damage compared to rats fed with enzyme treated diet.Practical implicationsThe results of this study can be utilized for commercialization of the garlic POD mediated AFB1 detoxification from feeds/foods.Originality/valueThe aflatoxin detoxyfying abilities of garlic POD and its in vivo safety studies have not been reported so far.

MANIFESTATION OF TOXOCARIASIS IN CHILDREN WITH NEUROBLASTOMA TREATED WITH AUTOLOGOUS HEMATOPOIETIC TRANSPLANTS

Toxocariasis was diagnosed in 3 out of 22 children (14%) treated in our center with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The patients were coming from rural areas in the southeastern Poland and did not present any clinical symptoms of toxocariasis upon admission to the hospital. Although no neurological and ophtalmological abnormalities were noticed, the atypical form of toxacariasis was diagnosed based on elevated eosinophils counts, positive serological tests, and biochemical symptoms of liver damage. The authors conclude that toxocariasis should be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis of eosinophilia in children undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and HSCT, especially if they are coming from rural areas.

Prolyl hydroxylase activity as an index of liver damage induced by ethanol.

It was found that chronic intoxication of rats with ethanol results in an increase of prolyl hydroxylase activity in liver and serum of the experimental animals. The increase of enzyme activity precedes the morphological symptoms of liver damage. The possibility arises that the assay of prolyl hydroxylase in serum or in liver biopsy samples could be useful for the diagnosis of the tendency of some individuals to develop liver cirrhosis induced by ethanol.

Chemical Live Function Tests and Epidemiologic Studies of HBsAg Positive Blood Donors

The HBsAg positivity in age, sex, occupation, blood type, past history and chemical liver function tests were analyzed in 869 cases without symptoms of liver disease and positive testing for HBsAg by RPHA method, who were selected among 11, 197 blood donors of the Red-Cross Blood Bank in Pusan, Korea from August 1, to September 30, 1982.The following results were obtained: The overall HBsAg positivity in random blood donors was 7.76%.The HBsAg positivity of males was 8.36% and females 6.0%; males had a slightly higher positivity than females.The HBsAg positivity of the 16–20 year old age group had the highest frequency (9.05%), 21–25 year old age group 8.23%, 26–30 year old age group 5.72%, 31–35 year old age group 5.76%, 36–40 year old group 5.85%, 41–45 years old age group 4.76%, and 46–50 year old age group 3.7%. HBsAg positivity had decreasing tendency of frequency by increasing age.The HBsAg positivity of the merchant group had the highest frequency (10.26%), and next, the unemployed, salary man, student, soldier, in order of frequency.The HBsAg positivity in cases with blood type A had the highest frequency (8.07%), and next, cases with B type, O type, and AB type in order of frequency.The HBsAg positivity in cases with no past history in liver disease had the highest frequency (75.37%), and next, cases with history of liver diseases among family 12.54%, hepatitis with jaundice 5.06%, admission due to other diseases except liver diseases 3.57%, transfusion 2.42%, hepatitis without jaundice 1.04%.In chemical liver function tests of HBsAg positive blood donors, elevation of SGPT level showed highest frequency (10.70%), SGOT 7.7%, total serum bilirubin 5.29% and elevation of one or more than of SGPT, SGOT, total serum bilirubin 18.99%.