La philosophie en particulier et tout ce qui se rapporte a la litterature en general sont frequemment soumis a la critique desobligeante et recurrente de ne pas prendre part au developpement du continent africain. La philosophie repond que son role est de susciter un reve, une utopie, condition sine qua non de toute construction de soi et de tout ideal a se fixer. La philosophie en Afrique, reflexion abstraite ou theorique, doit, en partant de sa situation reelle, c’est-a-dire des conditions intellectuelles, spirituelles, materielles, sociales, creer des concepts aptes a prendre en compte les aspirations et les reves des Africains. Le present article incite donc l’Afrique a generer ses propres concepts, qui seront le reflet de sa condition d’existence et de son imaginaire. Une telle demarche peut eviter au continent africain un usage sans precaution epistemologique des concepts exprimant l’hegemonie de la civilisation europeenne.Mots-cles: Afrique, developpement, emergence, philosophie, progres, utopieEnglish AbstractPhilosophy in particular and all that relates to literature in general are frequently the subject to derogatory and recurrent critique of not participating in the development of the African continent. By way of response to such criticism, Philosophy argues that its role is to create dreams and utopia, a prerequisite for all constructions of the self and any ideal to be set. Philosophy in Africa – whether abstract or theoretical reflection – should, based on its actual realities, i.e., its intellectual, spiritual, material, social conditions, formulate concepts capable of accounting for the aspirations and dreams of Africans. This article therefore urges Africa to generate its own concepts, that reflect and are grounded in its imagination and life condition. Such an approach can prevent the African continent from using concepts that emphasise the hegemony of European civilisation, without any epistemological precaution.Keywords: Africa, Development, Emergence, Philosophy, Progress, Utopia