Symbol Design Research Articles

REPRESENTASI SOSIAL MELALUI PENDEKATAN ILUSTRASI SIMBOLIK PADA POSTER NO WAR

Social events are part of human life, peace, conflicts occur one after another. At the end of February 2022 the world was shocked by the Russian military attack on Ukrainian territory. The world community hopes Russia can stop the attack but it still happens. In March 2022 Japan's Ogaki Poster Museum summoned poster artists (poster call) around the world to participate in voicing their opinions through art posters with the NO WAR theme, in response to the events above. The author of the article responded to this call by sending 2 posters that represented this social problem through a symbolic illustration approach on the poster. The selection through a symbolic illustration approach is considered appropriate because it can have a complex context so that the message conveyed easily and quickly reaches the audience. To underlie the design of symbolic illustrations, research and design methods are used, namely, Components of Illustration Media consist of 4 stages, namely Context, Encoders, Code, and Decoder.
 
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 Social events are part of human life, peace, conflicts occur one after another. At the end of February 2022 the world was shocked by the Russian military attack on Ukrainian territory. The world community hopes Russia can stop the attack but it still happens. In March 2022 Japan's Ogaki Poster Museum summoned poster artists (poster call) around the world to participate in voicing their opinions through art posters with the NO WAR theme, in response to the events above. The author of the article responded to this call by sending 2 posters that represented this social problem through a symbolic illustration approach on the poster. The selection through a symbolic illustration approach is considered appropriate because it can have a complex context so that the message conveyed easily and quickly reaches the audience. To underlie the design of symbolic illustrations, research and design methods are used, namely, Components of Illustration Media consist of 4 stages, namely Context, Encoders, Code, and Decoder.
 
 Key words : Social, symbolic illustrations, posters

Depressive symptoms mediate the relationship between diabetes and cognitive performance in a community-based sample of older adults

AimsTo evaluate whether diabetes and prediabetes are associated with impaired cognitive performance among older adults and examine depressive symptoms as a mediator. MethodsWe used cross-sectional data from the Einstein Aging Study, a systematically recruited, community-based cohort study of diverse older adults (N = 794; Age Mean (SD) = 78.9 (5.3); 64.4% Non-Hispanic White, 28.7% Non-Hispanic Black, 5.7% Hispanic). Diabetes status was established via self-reported diagnosis, prescribed medications, and fasting blood glucose. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale. Cognitive tests included Digit Symbol, Trails-B, Free Recall, Category Fluency, Boston Naming, and Block Design. Linear regression and mediation analyses were applied. ResultsCompared to those without diabetes, diabetes was associated with worse performance on all cognitive tests (ps < 0.05), except Trails-B (p = 0.53), and increased depressive symptoms (p < 0.01). For diabetes, mediation via increased depressive symptoms was observed for Free Recall (p = 0.044), Category Fluency (p = 0.033), and Boston Naming (p = 0.048). ConclusionsDiabetes was consistently associated with worse cognitive performance and increased depressive symptoms among this older cohort, while prediabetes was not. Mediation findings suggest depressive symptoms may be a biobehavioral pathway linking diabetes and cognition, though the temporal sequence is unclear. If causal, addressing both diabetes and depressive symptoms among older adults may protect cognitive function.

Design of artistic graphic symbols based on intelligent guidance marking system

Design of artistic graphic symbols based on intelligent guidance marking system

Cognitive Test Scores and Progressive Cognitive Decline in the Aberdeen 1921 and 1936 Birth Cohorts.

The Aberdeen birth cohorts of 1921 and 1936 (ABC21 and ABC36) were subjected to IQ tests in 1932 or 1947 when they were aged about 11y. They were recruited between 1997–2001 among cognitively healthy community residents and comprehensively phenotyped in a long-term study of brain aging and health up to 2017. Here, we report associations between baseline cognitive test scores and long-term cognitive outcomes. On recruitment, significant sex differences within and between the ABC21 and ABC36 cohorts supported advantages in verbal ability and learning among the ABC36 women that were not significant in ABC21. Comorbid physical disorders were self-reported in both ABC21 and ABC36 but did not contribute to differences in terms of performance in cognitive tests. When used alone without other criteria, cognitive tests scores which fell below the −1.5 SD criterion for tests of progressive matrices, namely verbal learning, digit symbol and block design, did not support the concept that Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a stable class of acquired loss of function with significant links to the later emergence of a clinical dementia syndrome. This is consistent with many previous reports. Furthermore, because childhood IQ-type data were available, we showed that a lower cognitive performance at about 64 or 78 y than that predicted by IQ at 11 ± 0.5 y did not improve the prediction of progress to MCI or greater cognitive loss. We used binary logistic regression to explore how MCI might contribute to the prediction of later progress to a clinical dementia syndrome. In a fully adjusted model using ABC21 data, we found that non-amnestic MCI, along with factors such as female sex and depressive symptoms, contributed to the prediction of later dementia. A comparable model using ABC36 data did not do so. We propose that (1) MCI criteria restricted to cognitive test scores do not improve the temporal stability of MCI classifications; (2) pathways towards dementia may differ according to age at dementia onset and (3) the concept of MCI may require measures (not captured here) that underly self-reported subjective age-related cognitive decline.

Cloud-Based Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems: Uplink Error Probability Analysis and Near-Optimal Detector Design

Cloud-based cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CFmMIMO) technology, which exploits a large number of distributed antennas to cooperatively serve multiple users, constitutes an appealing technique for B5G/6G wireless communications. However, the distributed nature of cloud-based CFmMIMO imposes great challenges in analyzing the error probability bounds, and very few efforts have so far been paid to optimize the detector design. In this paper, we try to add a stroke to this blank by analyzing the symbol error rate (SER) and design near-optimal detection algorithms. Specifically, considering non-identical large-scale coefficients and channel estimation errors, we first leverage the pairwise error probability to derive an asymptotic SER bound for uplink cloud-based CFmMIMO systems, which is verified by simulation results. Furthermore, motivated by the concepts of successive interference cancellation (SIC) and error correction mechanism (ECM), we design two distinct types of near-optimal detectors for cloud-based CFmMIMO systems and analyze their complexity and convergence performance. Finally, extensive simulation results show that our proposed SIC and ECM based detectors outperform conventional matched filtering (MF) and minimum mean squred error (MMSE) counterparts. In particular, the MMSE-SIC and MMSE-ECM detectors approach the derived asymptotic bound, and the MF-ECM detector strikes a balance between the SER and complexity in ultra CFmMIMO scenarios.

Output Feedback Reachability of Controlled–Observable States for Nondeterministic Finite–State Systems

In this letter control design of nondeterministic finite state systems with reachability specifications is addressed. The class of controllers we use is rather general and combines feedforward and output feedback schemes. The proposed controller allows not only the state of the system to reach the desired target set but also the identification of which state of the target set has been reached. Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for the control problem to admit a solution and a controller is designed. The solution to the investigated problem has important implications in the context of recovery control and symbolic control design of nonlinear and hybrid systems, as discussed also through some examples.

Symbol Encryption and Placement Design for OQAM/FBMC Systems

In this paper, we propose a symbol encryption method based on the complex-valued symbol multiplication and design the encryption symbol placement for offset quadrature amplitude modulation based filter bank multicarrier (OQAM/FBMC) systems. Specifically, we firstly analyze the encryption and decryption effects of complex-valued symbol multiplication on the original OQAM symbols. Then, by utilizing the intrinsic interference characteristics of prototype filters, a symbol encryption method and the placement design are proposed to simultaneously achieve the encryption of all OQAM symbols and low complexity decryption. Finally, the symbol error rate (SER), average signal transmit power, computational overhead and power spectral density (PSD) are analyzed. Simulation results are consistent with the theoretical analysis and demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the traditional method based on imaginary-valued encryption symbol insertion in terms of the SERs of both legitimate and illegitimate receivers.

Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ – Югра в зеркале исторической географии: обзор тематических карт первой половины XX в. из коллекции Музея геологии, нефти и газа

The article gives a brief survey of a set of 14 thematic maps of the late 1920s–1940s representing the territory of the modern Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Yugra. This collection of electronic maps, which has been received by the Museum of Geology, Oil and Gas in 2020, is a unique cartographic source containing a valuable historical information on the region’s territory as regards of economy and nature management, land use and land tenure system, economic geography and geourbanistics, as well as geobotany, environmental history and other earth sciences and related disciplines. The maps are hand-made with the use of original design of the legend and the system of symbolic designation. These cartographic products are also of great scientific value, first of all, in connection to the historical geography. The preparation of the maps had been fulfilled at a time when there were no extensive topographic and geodesic works on the territory of Western Siberia, and expeditionary works and field surveys were not widespread. At that period, the region was characterized by the predominance of traditional economic forms of its indigenous inhabitants, as well as the development of agriculture, fishery and logging by special settlers. Today, these maps are of particular importance as they provide information for comparative analysis — since the beginning of the 1950s, the large-scale industrialization of the region began in connection with the discovery of the country’s largest hydrocarbon reserves and the start of exploitation of the West Siberian oil and gas province. This new period of the region’s development, which is lasting up to the present day, to a large extent transformed all previous forms of economic use of territory and radically changed the course of environmental history.

A theory of the production and application of symbolic design in local communities

A theory of the production and application of symbolic design in local communities

Design and development of Bengbu double pier carving symbol cultural creation products

Through the full application of Bengbu double pier carving symbol design elements in the design and development of cultural and creative products, the integration of carving symbol elements into the design of cultural and creative products can not only improve the experience of cultural and creative products, but also show the cultural and artistic value of Bengbu double pier carving symbols. The cultural and creative products of Bengbu Museum are used as the carrier to make the 7,000-year Bengbu double pier carving symbol "come alive" while carrying forward the Bengbu double pier carving symbol culture.

The Effects of Animation on the Guessability of Universal Healthcare Symbols for Middle-Aged and Older Adults.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether animation can help to improve the comprehension of universal healthcare symbols for middle-aged and older adults. The Hablamos Juntos (HJ) healthcare symbol system is a set of widely used universal healthcare symbols that were developed in the United States. Some studies indicated that HJ healthcare symbols are not well-understood by users in non-English-speaking areas. Other studies found that animations can improve users' comprehension of complex symbols. Thus, we wanted to test whether animation could help to improve users' comprehension of HJ symbols. The participants included 40 middle-aged and 40 older adults in Taiwan. We redesigned the 12 HJ symbols into three visual formats-static, basic animation, and detailed animation-and compared them to find which best improved the participants' guessability scores. (1) Middle-aged adults' comprehension of static and basic animated symbols was significantly better than that of older adults, but there was no significant difference in the guessability scores between the two age groups in terms of detailed animated symbols; (2) In general, both basic animation and detailed animation significantly improved the guessability score, but the effect with detailed animation was significantly greater than that with basic animation; (3) Older women were more receptive to detailed animation and showed better guessing performance. Detailed animation contains more details and provides a more complete explanation of the concept of the static symbols, helping to improve the comprehension of HJ symbols for middle-aged and older adult users. Our findings provide a reference for the possibility of new style symbol design in the digital and aging era, which can be applied to improve symbol comprehension.

Multiple Layer Symbol Design for Use with Internet Maps

Multiple Layer Symbol Design for Use with Internet Maps

Persistence and learning effects in design innovation: Evidence from panel data

This paper explores persistence and learning effects in the aesthetic and symbolic dimensions of design innovation. By combining insights from innovation economics and design studies, we discuss design innovation as the result of firm-specific cumulative learning. We then conceptualise design and product innovation as complementary processes whose interplay may lead to learning effects across different dimensions of knowledge creation. We provide quantitative evidence for these insights applying dynamic probit and bivariate probit models to a longitudinal dataset of manufacturing firms based in Spain for the period 2007–2016. Our findings confirm the presence of persistence effects in design innovation, offering novel evidence in support of the view whereby design is an iterative process shaped by the knowledge generated through firms’ previous engagement with design. In addition, the results contribute to our understanding of the role of design beyond its functional dimension, pointing to mutually reinforcing effects between aesthetic and symbolic design and product innovation.

About the symbolic designation of surgical operations

As the title suggests, the present communication concerns an area where the interests of the surgeon and therapist are alike. At the present time, when voices in favor of closer cooperation between these two vast specialties are being heard more and more, the content of our work, it seems to us, corresponds in the closest way to this direction. How often does it happen that patients who seek help from a surgeon and have undergone surgery again turn to a therapist with the same complaints, but with a scar on their abdomen. And this is not surprising. The very nature of the ailments of such patients is so stubborn that either does not give in to the knife, or gives relapses, or else forces this kind of intervention, which in itself is far from indifferent to the patient and creates his antiphysiological conditions in the body. Such are, for example, cancer and stomach ulcers with complex and daring operations and subsequent ulcuspepticum and circulus vitiosus, such are unrecognized diseases and inappropriate operations that were unnecessary and could therefore not eliminate the patient's basic and initial complaints.

Bridging the Gap Between Product Design and Customer Engagement: Role of Self-Determined Needs Satisfaction

This study aims at exploring the influence of product design on customer engagement through self-determined needs satisfaction. This study used the survey method in three ways: (1) mall intercept approach, (2) email survey, and (3) survey through Wechat. The sample was collected from 500 customers of electronic products living in Xi’an, China. The data analysis is done through structural equation modeling. Findings show that perceived product design in terms of functional, esthetic, and symbolic design is positively related to self-determined needs (autonomy, relatedness, competence) satisfaction. Furthermore, results reveal that self-determined needs satisfaction has a positive influence on customer engagement. The moderation results show that prevention focused customers moderate the relationship between functional design and self-determined needs satisfaction. Whereas, promotion focused customers moderate the relationship between esthetic design and self-determined needs satisfaction. This study adds value to the self-determination theory by examining the link between product design dimensions and customer engagement through self-determined needs satisfaction. Furthermore, this study adds value to the existing literature on regulatory focus theory.

Is my design better? A co-creation perspective for online fashion design

PurposeValue co-creation is known to increase innovation, but it can backfire under certain conditions. The purpose of this study is to investigate co-creation activities for their effects on consumer perceptions of symbolic designs and to investigate the mediation effect of psychological distance and the moderation effect of peer feedback.Design/methodology/approachThree studies were designed by using a survey (Study 1) and two controlled laboratory experiments (Study 2 and 3). Study 1 had a sample size of 160 respondents and examined whether innovative ideas and behavior intensity had different impact on symbolic design. Study 2 had a sample size of 204 respondents and verified the interaction effect between innovativeness and intensity and to show that psychological distance is the underlying internal mechanism. Study 3 examined peer feedback as a critical moderator by using a sample of 235 participants.FindingsResults show that idea innovativeness positively influences perceptions of symbolic design, while behavior intensity has a negative influence. The studies verify that innovativeness interacts with intensity to affect perceptions of symbolic design. Psychological distance explains why it is difficult to co-create luxury goods. Peer feedback is revealed to be a new moderator.Originality/valueThis research uniquely develops an extensive theory-based conceptual model and highlights two dimensions of value co-creation that interact with product design. The article emphasizes the theoretical and practical importance of studying both direct and indirect moderating effects.

Analysis on Performance of Vr Panoramic Image System

The digital revolution and the generation of “E-topia” have promoted the visual experience of VR technology and the “digital art” of panoramic images to a new state. This paper not only analyses and researches the visual performances of VR panoramic images, but also takes the campus virtual roaming of the 3DVR panoramic system platform as an example, proposing three innovative analysis of the existing VR panoramic images: immersive substitution sense design, visual symbol design and virtual experience design. This paper hopes to create a new visual technology to meet the needs of more photography and business.

Symbolic control design of incrementally stable nonlinear systems with dynamic regular language specifications

In this paper we consider a control problem where the plant is a continuous-time incrementally stable nonlinear system, the controller is modeled as a finite state machine and the specification is modeled as a regular language. In some applications of interest it can be the case that the system does not know the whole specification to be enforced, but only a first part of it; then, at some time the system will obtain a second specification for which the controller needs to reconfigure. We propose results for the efficient synthesis of controllers in this setting. An analysis of computational complexity of the proposed approach is included which is also compared to traditional ones. An illustrative example is also presented.

Political machines: a framework for studying politics in social machines

In the age of ubiquitous computing and artificially intelligent applications, social machines serves as a powerful framework for understanding and interpreting interactions in socio-algorithmic ecosystems. Although researchers have largely used it to analyze the interactions of individuals and algorithms, limited attempts have been made to investigate the politics in social machines. In this study, I claim that social machines are per se political machines, and introduce a five-point framework for classifying influence processes in socio-algorithmic ecosystems. By drawing from scholars from political theory, I use a notion of influence that functions as a meta-concept for connecting and comparing different conceptions of politics. In this way, I can associate multiple political aspects of social machines from a cybernetic perspective. I show that the framework efficiently categorizes dimensions of influence that shape interactions between individuals and algorithms. These categories are symbolic influence, political conduct, algorithmic influence, design, and regulatory influence. Using case studies, I describe how they interact with each other on online social networks and in algorithmic decision-making systems and illustrate how the framework is able to guide scientists in further research.

“Bodiliness” of thought in N.F. Fedorov’s system of views on language

The article discusses the system of N.F. Fedorov's views on language, as it was immanently formulated in his various articles and notes, laconic, aphoristic and fragmentary. Architecture and scale of Fedorov's ideas along with fundamental incompleteness as a huge project open to the future are considered in the article. An important dominant of Fedorov's thought is ‘bodiliness’, on the one hand, opposed to abstraction that destroys a phenomenon, including reality of human speech, and, on the other, hypostatizing thought and language as organic being. The dominant is essential for understanding culture at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries and the first half of the XX century (for instance, to understand Vladimir Solovyov’s views on the nature of art, the work of Andrei Platonov). ‘Bodiliness’, corporality, materiality of language and thought, according to Fedorov, is the guarantee of immortality of material life. This is the explanation of Fedorov's special attraction to ideographic writing, what embodies thought in matter as “much in little”. Fedorov’s thinking is in a special way consonant with the search for a new style of thinking in Western philosophy at the turn of the 20th century. Fedorov returns to humanitarian knowledge bodily, material; humanitarian knowledge lacks this in order to break away from the surface and move on to the things themselves, which have preserved in their original being the seeds of immortality. The article emphasizes that thought and its linguistic expression are a symbolic designation of the common cause of resurrection in Fedorov’s system, and in this it is material and has concrete outlines. The organic being of thought, belonging to life itself, has no authorship, has no place in a specific work that legitimizes it. The main conclusion of the article is about the central position of the concepts of corporality, ‘bodiliness’ in Fedorov’s project, that at the same time represent, although an integral, but, like conceptual relations in language, incomplete system, where each thought appears as a fragment, a fragment of the world that needs to be recreated.