Switching System Research Articles

On-demand green/red light-responsive self-doped SnO2 nanoparticles for single/multi-color transitioning fabrics

Semiconductor/redox-based dual light-induced color switching systems (LCSs) with a visible light response at different wavelengths are highly sought after for efficient redox reactions. In this work, Sn2+ self-doped SnO2 has been designed as nanophotocatalysts for preparing visible light-responsive inks/fabrics with single/multi-color abilities. The self-doping of SnO2 nanoparticles results in the formation of oxygen vacancies due to charge compensation effects leading to electron-driven photoreduction and photooxidation of LSC inks. By mixing SnO2-x nanoparticles dispersions with specific redox-sensitive dyes can lead to the creation of well-designed sets of visible light-responsive semiconductor-driven LCS systems with both single-color (RGB) and multi-color (violet and green) changes. The exposure of LCS inks to green (550 nm) light culminates in the rapid photoreduction of the inks to decolorized state, while red (660 nm) light initiates the photooxidation in air. The combination of the LCS inks with –OH-rich polymers can be coated on the hydrophobic surface of the layered fabric to produce photo-responsive fabrics with single/multi-color response. The interaction of green light with the semiconductor-driven LCS systems allows the remote photo-printing of different images/letters on the LCS fabrics. Spontaneous erasure can be achieved by red light with high stability and repeatability (>35 cycles). The research in this paper provides new perspectives and insights for the development of new color-changing materials with potential applications as light-activated sensors and display units.

Sustainable Operation and Management of a Dynamic Supply Chain under the Framework of a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind

The values of a community with a shared future for mankind include the views of common interests, sustainable development, and global governance. This article will fully consider introducing the value concept of a community with a shared future into the operation and management of dynamic supply chains. Based on the optimal information fusion mechanism of artificial intelligence, this article aims to examine the operation and management of dynamic supply chains within the framework of a community with a shared future for mankind. The core idea is to consider the common interests among enterprises, establish a global collaborative operation concept for upstream, midstream, and downstream enterprises, and achieve the goal of sustainable development. Firstly, a type of composite dynamic supply chain model is considered, in which the total inventory of each node in the supply chain is further subdivided into raw material inventory and finished product inventory. At the same time, we have considered factors such as the signing of procurement contracts between core enterprises and upstream enterprises, as well as the signing of supply contracts between core enterprises and downstream enterprises. Secondly, the static and dynamic monitoring information of the enterprise has been established. We use steady-state Kalman filtering theory to obtain dynamic reference signals for upstream enterprises, core enterprises, and downstream enterprises. Based on the optimal information fusion processing mechanism of artificial intelligence, the coefficient weighting method is used to obtain the optimal fusion signals of upstream enterprises, core enterprises, and downstream enterprises. Once again, through high-quality switching strategies, enterprises can achieve in-order switching, improve production efficiency, reduce downtime, enhance their competitiveness and responsiveness, and transform the dynamic supply chain, including order switching, into a discrete-time linear switching system for processing. Fourthly, sufficient conditions, robustness analysis results, and inventory control criteria for the solvability of dynamic supply chain H∞ with order switching are provided. Finally, data analysis is conducted using historical order information from three fruit companies to verify the validity and feasibility of the conclusions in this article and to improve the performance of the dynamic supply chain system. The research findings of this article enrich the exploration of the operation and management of dynamic supply chains and the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind.

A compact, versatile drug-induced splicing switch system with minimal background expression

Gene-switch techniques hold promising applications in contemporary genetics research, particularly in disease treatment and genetic engineering. Here, we developed a compact drug-induced splicing system that maintains low background using a human ubiquitin C (hUBC) promoter and optimized drug (LMI070) binding sequences based on the Xon switch system. To ensure precise subcellular localization of the protein of interest (POI), we inserted a 2A self-cleaving peptide between the extra N-terminal peptide and POI. This streamlined and optimized switch system, named miniXon2G, effectively regulated POIs in different subcellular localizations both invitro and invivo. Furthermore, miniXon2G could be integrated into endogenous gene loci, resulting in precise, reversible regulation of target genes by both endogenous regulators and drugs. Overall, these findings highlight the performance of miniXon2G in controlling protein expression with great potential for general applicability to diverse biological scenarios requiring precise and delicate regulation.

Finite-time Stabilization of Fractional-order Impulsive Switched Systems With Saturated Control Input

Finite-time Stabilization of Fractional-order Impulsive Switched Systems With Saturated Control Input

Event-Triggered Extended Dissipative FTB for T-S Fuzzy Switched Systems With Mismatched Phenomena and Deception Attacks: A Multidomain Framework.

This article investigates the extended dissipative finite-time boundedness (ED-FTB) problem for fuzzy switched systems under deception attacks. To improve the network resource efficiency, a multidomain probabilistic event-triggered mechanism (MDPETM) is proposed. The mode mismatched phenomenon is modeled based on the switching delay information between the controller mode and the system mode. To extract the true signal generated by the MDPETM, a virtual delay concept is developed. The constraint that the controller and the system must have the same premise variables is removed. Based on the MDPETM, mismatched fuzzy state feedback controllers are first devised which may not share the same modes with the system. Then, by establishing fuzzy basis and controller mode-dependent Lyapunov functionals, sufficient criteria free of nonlinear terms existing in the literature are derived, which ensure the ED-FTB of the closed-loop system under admissible delays and deception attacks. Finally, an application-oriented one-link robotic arm system is utilized to validate the theoretical results.

Site-specific bioorthogonal regulation of bone morphogenetic protein 2 expression for effective bone regeneration

Growth factor holds great promise for bone regeneration, and spatiotemporal control of their expressing through site-specific reactions is crucial but challenging for on-demand therapy. In this study, we present the development of a novel unnatural amino acids (UAAs)-triggered therapeutic switch (UATS) system, composed of an orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA-synthase (aaRS)-tRNA pair and a bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) gene harboring premature stop codon, which enable in situ and on-demand initiation of the expression of BMP2. The resulting UATS system allowed specifically control of base expressing on the BMP2 mRNA that switched to the BMP2 protein with complete structure and function to facilitate bone regeneration. Our investigations showed that the UATS system exhibits remarkable attributes of rapid, sensitive, reversible, and sustained BMP2 expression both in vitro and in vivo settings. Moreover, the implantation of microencapsulated cells with UATS system is applied to a mouse femur defect model, demonstrating high effciency in controlled expressing of BMP2 protein and substantial repair of bone defect following oral administration of UAAs. Therefore, our findings underscore the great potential of UATS system for on-demand awakening of functional growth factor, thus offering promising prospects in the realm of regenerative medicine.

Exploring Nano-optical Molecular Switch Systems for Potential Electronic Devices: Understanding Electric and Electronic Properties through DFT-QTAIM Assembly.

The design and synthesis of molecular nanoswitches using organic molecules represent a crucial research field within molecular electronics. To understand the switching mechanisms, it is essential to investigate various factors, such as charge/energy transfer, electron transfer, nonlinear optical properties (NLO), current-voltage (I-V) curves, Joule-like (LJL) and Peltier-like (LPL) intramolecular phenomenological coefficients, as well as the energy levels of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) boundary orbitals. In this Article, a novel approach to designing a molecular nanoswitch and understanding its ON/OFF mechanism is presented, utilizing the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), density functional theory (DFT), and Landauer theory (LT). These analyses contribute significantly to a deep understanding of switching effects within molecular electronic systems.

Robust Guaranteed Cost Composite Anti-bump $$L_2$$-Gain Control for a Class of Switched Systems Under Mixed State-Dependent Switching

Robust Guaranteed Cost Composite Anti-bump $$L_2$$-Gain Control for a Class of Switched Systems Under Mixed State-Dependent Switching

Attack-compensated asynchronous output feedback control for stochastic switching systems with sojourn probability

This study addresses the problem of attack-compensated asynchronous output feedback control for stochastic switching systems with sojourn probability. Unlike traditional Markov/semi-Markov models that rely on transition probabilities, a novel switching rule is introduced that focuses on sojourn probability information associated with the target mode and sojourn time, which are easier to obtain than the well-known transition probabilities. Considering the vulnerability of stochastic switching systems to cyber-attacks, where the system state becomes unobservable and difficult to manage, a compensation-based output feedback controller framework is proposed. Using the Lyapunov method and stochastic analysis, sufficient conditions are provided to ensure system stability. Finally, the effectiveness and applicability of the developed approach are demonstrated using an F-404 aircraft engine system model.

Developing an off-on fluorescence sensor based on red copper nanoclusters wrapped by sulfhydryl and polymer double ligands for sensitive detection of N-acetyl-L-cysteine

N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) as a class of thiols is commonly used in the treatment of lung diseases, detoxification and prevention of liver damage. In this paper, 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) coated and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) attached copper nanoclusters (4-MBA@PVP-CuNCs) were successfully synthesized using a simple one-pot method with an absolute quantum yield of 10.98 %, and its synthetic conditions (like effects of single/double ligands and temperature) were studied intensively. Then Hg2+ could quench the fluorescence of the 4-MBA@PVP-CuNCs and its fluorescence was restored with the addition of NAC. Based on the above principles, an off–on switching system was established to detect NAC. That is, the 4-MBA@PVP-CuNCs-Hg probe was prepared by adding Hg2+ to switch off the fluorescence of the CuNCs by static quenching, and then NAC was added to switch on the fluorescence of the probe based on the chelation of NAC and Hg2+. Moreover, the effects of metal ion types and mercury ion doses for the probe construction were also further discussed. The method showed excellent linearity in the range of 0.05–1.25 µM and low detection limit of 16 nM. Meanwhile, good recoveries in real urine, tablets and pellets were observed, which proved the reliability of the method and provided a convenient, fast and sensitive method for NAC detection.

Smc for discrete delayed semi-Markov switching systems

Smc for discrete delayed semi-Markov switching systems

A new numerical simulation method of 3D rough surface topography with coupling 3D roughness parameters Sdr, Sdq, Spd, Spc, and characteristic functions

The existing surface topography modeling methods based on random process theory make it difficult to realize the coupling of three-dimensional roughness parameters Sdr, Sdq, Spd, and Spc in ISO25178, which are related to the friction and lubrication performance of parts. The paper proposes constraints set for the structure of spatial features in height matrix discrete points during the random switching process, and the accurate coupling of parameters Sdr, Sdq, Spd, and Spc with characteristic functions is achieved by the improved random switching system. The new method is applied to simulate four kinds of finishing surface topography numerically, and the results show that the relative errors of these four parameters are effectively reduced from 5–110 % to 1 %.

Transient stability of grid following inverters: The impacts of damping and fault ride‐through

AbstractThe interaction of grid following inverters with a weak grid raises risks of transient instability. The effects of damping and fault‐ride through (FRT) make the transient dynamics more complicated. To investigate the impact of FRT on the transient stability of converters, this paper first employs the switch system theory to construct a mathematical model for the synchronous mechanism of inverters. Secondly, the method of semi‐algebraic system real root classification is comprehensively used to analyse the existence of equilibrium points (EPs) and provide necessary and sufficient conditions for their existence. Finally, based on the theory of differential geometry, a method for computing the stability domain of converters is proposed. Compared with traditional methods, the results obtained from this approach are precise and non‐conservative. The study in this paper indicates that the equivalent damping effect from the proportional control in a phase‐locked loop significantly enlarges the stability region, whereas the active current injection shrinks the stability region. The reactive current droop characteristic also has impacts on the stability region, especially with active current injection. The switchover between the droop mode and constant current mode requires extra precaution in the calculation of the EPs and critical fault clearing time.

Distribution of Sports Load by the Smart Photovoltaic Cell Switching System

In order to discuss the allocation effect of anintelligent photovoltaic cell switching system on sports load, thispaper, based on the ZigBee sensing model, designs theinformation allocation module for collecting sports load statusbased on the spectral characteristic analysis of model parametersand the real-time observation of sports load status, and obtainsthe initial data. In-depth analysis of the correlation analysis ofintelligent photovoltaic cell switching system on sports loadallocation, and judge the influence degree of sports loadallocation. The results show that in the monitoring of sports loadstatus, the data acquisition frequency of 28 to 30 kHz can reach -50 dB, and the maximum oxygen uptake VO2, the number ofmax indicators reached 33.21 ± 3.09 and O2, the number of Pindicators is 362.57 ± 98.71, and the number of METs is 9.06 ±1.21. Therefore, we show that the smart photovoltaic cellswitching system has a positive correlation with the sports loaddistribution, and the smart photovoltaic cell switching system hasa practical effect on the sports load distribution.

(Invited) Engineering the Switching Kinetics of Valence Change-Based Memristive Devices for Neuromorphic Computing

Memristive devices based on the valence mechanism are highly interesting candidates for the use as hardware representation of synapses in neuromorphic computing. The memristive model system SrTiO3 exhibit gradual switching and can be tuned between short-term and long-term plasticity. We will discuss the impact of the switching kinetics on the gradual switching mode and provide general guidelines for the design of gradual switching systems. Moreover, we present an approach to accelerate the switching kinetics of SrTiO3 by up to 103 times, or reduce the operating voltage by ≈ 30% to maintain the switching speed.Our approach is to introduce a low thermal conductivity layer inside the active electrode of the active electrode of the devices, which blocks the heat dissipation caused by Joule heating during switching. Our method leaves the switching layer and its interfaces with the electrodes intact, while the use of HfO2 and TaOx as the heat blocking layers ensures ease of fabrication and CMOS compatibility. We will demonstrate that this approach is transferable to other more common material systems.

Modeling and Controller Design of a Cloud-Based Control Switching System in an Uncertain Network Environment

Modeling and Controller Design of a Cloud-Based Control Switching System in an Uncertain Network Environment

Embedded system controlled switching system for reconfigurable antennas

AbstractA multiband and reconfigurable antenna is the one of the main aspects in the communication system which has an extremely important role. An embedded based solution for the fast operation of a reconfigurable antenna to work in a specific operating frequency band is the solution of future technologies. Embedded based solution increases the speed by avoiding the dependence on manual control of the RF switching elements. In this paper, the proposed embedded system‐controlled switching mechanism operate the reconfigurable antenna in any one of the operating bands by a single command to be send from a remote location. The embedded system receives the command and configure a set of PIN diodes as per the modes. The proposed solution consists an Arduino UNO board as motherboard, SIM900A as GSM module to receive the command from user, biasing circuit to control the operation of PIN diode, PIN diode to reconfigure the patch pattern and a user mobile for sending AT command.The proposed model is successful and tested on proteus software 8.0. The model is also deployed on the newly designed multiple‐input‐multiple‐output antenna where the result shows the successful operation to achieve multiband frequency operation.

$$H_\infty $$ Reliable Bumpless Transfer Control for Switched Systems: A Mixed State/Time Dependent Switching Method

$$H_\infty $$ Reliable Bumpless Transfer Control for Switched Systems: A Mixed State/Time Dependent Switching Method

Thermodynamic characteristics of a novel solar single and double effect absorption refrigeration cycle

Solar absorption refrigeration systems provide one of the economical options for air conditioning. In order to reduce the complexity and economic cost, a more advanced solar single-double-effect switching system is proposed. The innovation of this system is that it replaces the single-effect and high-pressure generators in previously developed single-double-effect switching system with a specific generator. The optimal heat source switching temperature of the new system was determined by the genetic algorithm to be 125.5 °C. Compared with the original single-double-effect switching system, the average coefficient of performance of the system is increased by 8.6 %, and the fluctuation of refrigeration capacity during the switching period is reduced by 48 %. The new solar single-double-effect switching system is investigated based on thermodynamic characteristics, energy, exergy, and economy aspects. The results showed that heat exchangers of the system have strong coupling. The cooling water temperature has a greater impact on the performance of the dual-effect mode. In the single-effect mode, the special-pressure generator has the largest exergy destruction (39 %), while in the double-effect mode, the absorber has the largest exergy destruction (41 %). Besides, the economic analysis demonstrated that the new system is economically viable with a payback period of 9.33 years.

A Petri nets-based modeling method for multi robot path planning

The construction of lunar bases is one of the core enabling technologies in current lunar exploration and development plans of various countries. However, to eliminate the constraints of high transportation costs and limited manned space technology, a new research plan is to employ multi robot teams to build lunar bases. The key to this solution is how to achieve path planning for complex tasks for multiple robots. Therefore, this article takes the exploration and collection area, lunar soil collection, and lunar soil transportation in the lunar base construction scene as complex task inputs, and studies a multi robot path planning modeling method based on Petri net model. Firstly, a Petri net model for multi robot motion was constructed. Meanwhile, linear temporal logic(LTL) language was used to describe the related tasks of lunar base construction. Finally, simulation validation was conducted in Matlab software and compared with the modeling method using switching systems. The results show that the total modeling time required for using the Petri net model is reduced by two orders of magnitude compared to the modeling time for a single task switching system model, indicating that the established Petri net multi robot model has advantages such as avoiding dimension explosion and computational efficiency.