Switch Sensor Research Articles

Fluorescence switching sensor for sensitive detection of curcumin/Mn2+ using biomass carbon quantum dots: A combination of experimental and theoretical insights

Compared to high-performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and electrochemical analysis, fluorescent carbon dots derived from biomass materials have garnered significant attention due to their non-toxic, eco-friendly, and renewable advantages. In this research, CQDs-NH2 was synthesized in one step by hydrothermal method using banana peel as biomass carbon source and ethylenediamine (EDA) as dopant. The blue fluorescence of CQDs-NH2 was found to be quenched by the addition of curcumin through the synergistic effect of static quenching and internal filtering effect (IFE). The response to curcumin showed good linearity in the concentration range of 1-15μM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 18.56nM. The fluorescence of CQDs-NH2 was partially restored in the presence of curcumin and Mn2+, leading to the establishment of a curcumin@CQDs-NH2 switch sensor for the detection of Mn2+ in the linear range of 5-60μM with a LOD of 20.35nM. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the interaction between Mn2+ and curcumin is stronger than the interaction between Mn2+ and functionalized CQDs (f-CQDs), elucidating the introduction of Mn2+ disrupts the interaction between curcumin and CQDs-NH2, leading to the restoration of CQDs-NH2 fluorescence. Finally, the CQDs-NH2 fluorescence switch sensor demonstrated high accuracy and precision in liquid food and water quality testing with recoveries ranging from 95.19% to 105.54%.

High Stability Hydrogel Magnetic Relaxation Switch Sensor Driven by pH for the Sensitive Detection of Cd2.

The traditional magnetic relaxation switching (MRS) sensors have excellent sensitivity, but their stability is poor because the magnetic relaxation signal is easily affected by the external magnetic field or environmental oxidation. In this study, a highly stable hydrogel bead-based MRS (Gel-MRS) sensor was established for the accurate and sensitive detection of Cd2+ in rice. A pH-responsive hydrogel bead was applied as a core element for the target stimulus and transverse relaxation signal transduction. The stability experiments showed that the transverse relaxation time (T2) change of the Gel-MRS sensor was one-seventh that of traditional magnetic nanoparticles under an external magnetic field and less than a fifth that of Fe2+/Fe3+ conversion in air. The excellent stability was due to the fact that T2 of the Gel-MRS sensor came from the swelling system mediated by pH rather than the traditional aggregation/dispersion or Fe2+/Fe3+ conversion of magnetic nanoparticles. In addition, the target Cd2+ could exclusively trigger a pH response of the hydrogel beads, altering the T2, thus resulting in excellent relaxation properties (R2 = 56.89) and pH responsiveness of the Gel-MRS sensor. The swelling process of the hydrogel beads followed quasi-second-order dynamics. The Gel-MRS sensor demonstrated a remarkable limit of detection as low as 0.009 ng/mL for Cd2+, with a linear range of 0.01-5 ng/mL. The excellent stability and sensitivity made the Gel-MRS sensor have great application potential in food and environmental detection.

A Fusion Tracking Algorithm for Electro-Optical Theodolite Based on the Three-State Transition Model.

This study presents a novel approach to address the autonomous stable tracking issue in electro-optical theodolite operating in closed-loop mode. The proposed methodology includes a multi-sensor adaptive weighted fusion algorithm and a fusion tracking algorithm based on a three-state transition model. A refined recursive formula for error covariance estimation is developed by integrating attenuation factors and least squares extrapolation. This formula is employed to formulate a multi-sensor weighted fusion algorithm that utilizes error covariance estimation. By assigning weighted coefficients to calculate the residual of the newly introduced error term and defining the sensor's unique states based on these coefficients, a fusion tracking algorithm grounded on the three-state transition model is introduced. In cases of interference or sensor failure, the algorithm either computes the weighted fusion value of the multi-sensor measurement or triggers autonomous sensor switching to ensure the autonomous and stable measurement of the theodolite. Experimental results indicate that when a specific sensor is affected by interference or the off-target amount cannot be extracted, the algorithm can swiftly switch to an alternative sensor. This capability facilitates the precise and consistent generation of data, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the tracking system. Furthermore, the algorithm demonstrates robustness across various measurement scenarios.

A Review of Perception Technologies for Berry Fruit-Picking Robots: Advantages, Disadvantages, Challenges, and Prospects

Berries are nutritious and valuable, but their thin skin, soft flesh, and fragility make harvesting and picking challenging. Manual and traditional mechanical harvesting methods are commonly used, but they are costly in labor and can damage the fruit. To overcome these challenges, it may be worth exploring alternative harvesting methods. Using berry fruit-picking robots with perception technology is a viable option to improve the efficiency of berry harvesting. This review presents an overview of the mechanisms of berry fruit-picking robots, encompassing their underlying principles, the mechanics of picking and grasping, and an examination of their structural design. The importance of perception technology during the picking process is highlighted. Then, several perception techniques commonly used by berry fruit-picking robots are described, including visual perception, tactile perception, distance measurement, and switching sensors. The methods of these four perceptual techniques used by berry-picking robots are described, and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. In addition, the technical characteristics of perception technologies in practical applications are analyzed and summarized, and several advanced applications of berry fruit-picking robots are presented. Finally, the challenges that perception technologies need to overcome and the prospects for overcoming these challenges are discussed.

Automatic Monitoring System Iot (Internet Of Things) Based Water Tanks

Water tanks are widely used to store water in the community. However, the filling process still uses a manual method so it cannot monitor/monitor the water level in the tank, so when the water is full in the tank until it overflows it is then turned off. Water tanks are often placed at a height to take advantage of gravity so that water can flow optimally. The high position of the water tank is difficult for users to reach to determine the quality and volume of water. The performance of this tool has 2 conditions. The first condition will discuss the water level monitoring tool in the tank. Using the tool developed, the water pump can be turned on and off automatically which is controlled using a monitoring tool using a smartphone and the Blynk application with a water level indicator. , water flow, and watervolume and Notification of water conditions via Telegram. Technology for distributing and monitoring water in tanks is still limited to conventional means by turning on and opening the water tap. For this reason, a control system is needed that can monitor and control the water volume in several tanks through one application display on a smartphone such as Telegram. By using the NodeMCU ESP8266 as a microcontroller base, an ultrasonic sensor as a water volume measuring sensor, and a Mini Water Pump, the condition of the water volume and all changes can always be monitored via notifications on Telegram. Apart from that, the tool can also be controlled automatically or manually through the commands provided on Telegram. In this way, the concept of using Telegram as a water tank volume control and monitoring system can be the right alternative choice in designing a water tank control system. The research method used is a prototyping system. The expected result is the realization of automatic floodgates to make it easier for humans to carry out their tasks and make the system run more efficiently. Apart from being automatic, this tool has the advantage that it can be controlled remotely using the internet of things. The design of this automatic sluice gate uses an Arduino Uno microcontroller as a processing tool, and is equipped with an ultrasonic sensor, water level float switch sensor, servo motor.

Staggered band alignment of n-Er2O3/p-Si heterostructure for the fabrication of a high-performance broadband photodetector

The low responsivity of conventional Silicon photodiodes in ultraviolet and near-infrared regimes restricts their utility as broadband photodetectors (BBPDs). Despite ongoing investigations into various p-n heterostructures for Silicon-based BBPDs, challenges such as high dark current (Idark), low collection efficiency, low detectivity, and compatibility issues with large-scale Silicon-based devices persist. In this context, we have fabricated relatively unexplored n-Er2O3/p-Si heterojunction-based BBPDs. Polycrystalline Er2O3 thin films (∼110 nm) were deposited on p-Si 〈100〉 substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. Although this process induces a microstrain of approximately 0.022 and a dislocation density of about 0.00303/nm2, the presence of optically active defects is minimal, indicated by a low Urbach energy (∼0.35 eV). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirms staggered band alignment at the heterointerface, facilitating efficient charge carrier separation and transport. Consequently, the In/p-Si/n-Er2O3/In device demonstrated significant BBPD properties– low Idark ∼0.15 μA (at +5 V), photo-to-dark current ratio (PDCR) ∼6.5 (at +5 V, 700 nm) with a maximum photoresponsivity ∼22.3 A W−1, and impressive detectivity (∼1013 Jones) even in UV-C region where traditional silicon-based photodetectors respond feebly. The device also demonstrates transient photo-response across an ultrawide spectrum (254 nm–1200 nm) with a fast rise time/fall time ∼79 ms/∼86 ms (at −5 V for 600 nm illumination). This work establishes a straightforward and reliable method for proper material engineering, surface texturing, staggered heterojunction formation, and high-performance BBPD fabrication with prominent broad-spectrum responsivity, sizeable detectivity, and fast response. The integration of these BBPDs with Silicon opens possibilities for their use in electronic devices containing optical switches for communications and broadband image sensors, enhancing their utility in various applications.

High-efficient nickel-doped lignin carbon dots as a fluorescent and smartphone-assisted sensing platform for sequential detection of Cr(VI) and ascorbic acid

Using lignin as a raw material to prepare fluorescent nanomaterials represents a significant pathway toward the high-value utilization of waste biomass. In this study, Ni-doped lignin carbon dots (Ni-LCDs) were rapidly synthesized with a yield of 63.22 % and a quantum yield of 8.25 % using a green and simple hydrothermal method. Exploiting the inner filter effect (IFE), Cr(VI) effectively quenched the fluorescence of the Ni-LCDs, while the potent reducing agent ascorbic acid (AA) restored the quenched fluorescence, thus establishing a highly sensitive fluorescence switch sensor platform for the sequential detection of Cr(VI) and AA. Importantly, the integration of a smartphone facilitated the portability of Cr(VI) and AA detection, enabling on-site, in-situ, and real-time monitoring. Ultimately, the developed fluorescence and smartphone-assisted sensing platform was successfully applied to detect Cr(VI) in actual water samples and AA in various fruits. This study not only presents an efficient method for the conversion and utilization of waste lignin but also broadens the application scope of the CDs in the field of smart sensors.

Rancang Bangun Purwarupa Simulasi Sistem Keamanan Rumah Berbasis Internet of Things

The use of information technology has spread to all fields, for example in the field of security using the Internet of Things technology. One of the places that need to be given security is the home, so that in this study prototypes of home security systems using the Internet of Things have been made with the aim of providing information to homeowners in the event of infiltration through windows or doors, gas leaks and fires. The tools used are Arduino Mega 2560 as a microcontroller, gas sensor, fire sensor, magnetic switch sensor, RFID, keypad, and selenoid. The home security system is made so that homeowners can control the condition of the home. The results of this study are that the home security systems that are made can run well and can be integrated with home security information systems. Sensors can detect gas leaks, fires, and doors or windows open when the security system is active. Homeowners can only turn off the home security system and unlock the door by using RFID tags that have registered IDs and correct passwords. Home security systems can also turn on alarms and send notifications to homeowners, fire stations and police stations in the event of a fire, gas leak or window or door that is opened when the security system is active.

Retrieving a file binder from a bookshelf using pseudo-curved trajectory generation for a foldable robotic hand

Human-assistive robots need to perform trajectory making for and control of a robotic hand along the many rotating mechanisms in our living spaces. If such trajectory control can be performed without high-cost sensors, certainly a significant cost reduction in building the robot will be achieved. This paper describes a method of retrieving a file binder by generating a pseudo-curved trajectory for tilting it using a simple system. A simple claw mechanism with a switch sensor to grasp an object was designed and 3D-printed, and it was attached to a 6-DOF foldable robotic hand developed by the authors. A method for generating a pseudo-curved trajectory using the switch sensor was developed, and the robotic hand was successfully moved along this trajectory to tilt and grasp a file binder to retrieve it from a bookshelf. Experiments to clarify the success rate were also conducted, and it was found that the results depend on the rotational speed of manipulator links and the vibration of the claw mechanism link. A rubber sponge was added to give flexibility to the claw mechanism, which significantly improved the success rate. Furthermore, a control system to recover from tilting failure was constructed, and its effectiveness was validated by experiments.

PROTOTYPE OF FLOOD EARLY WARNING SYSTEM (EWS) USING TELEGRAM BROADCAST MESSAGE NOTIFICATION

Flooding has until now become a serious problem in various regions in Indonesia. Flooding is a problem that occurs due to increasing the volume of excess water in rivers that are influenced by human activities that are not friendly to the environment. Floods have quite a lot of negative impacts, one of which is the damage to community facilities and infrastructure. Community preparedness is needed to reduce the negative impact of the flood. One solution that can be done is to design a flood Early Warning System (EWS) as a tool in detecting water levels before the arrival of flood hazards. Mitigation activities need to be complemented by a monitoring system based on the environmental conditions of the surrounding community. This research aims to make a prototype of a flood early warning system that is easy to operate and effective to detect the arrival of floods. In the prototype there is a level switch sensor that can detect high movements of water levels in the watershed. High level information on the water level is then sent periodically in the form of notifications via telegram to the smartphones of community residents whose numbers are registered in the system. From the test results, the ultrasonic sensor obtained 98.7% read accuracy results and a delay time in sending telegram notifications of 3-5 seconds.

Acid- and alkali-resistant, UV-shielding, and photocatalytic self-cleaning nanofiber membrane-based wearable triboelectric nanogenerator for ultra-low-frequency energy-harvesting and self-powered sensors

Wearable single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), known for their simple design and construction, have attracted significant attentions for their applications in self-powered sensing and human energy harvesting. Herein, fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) as the matrix, TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles modified with 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) as functional materials, PVDF-HFP/TiO2/ZnO (PTZ) nanofiber membranes, serving as the friction and encapsulation layers for TENG, were prepared by electrospinning. Phytic acid-doped polyaniline (PANI), serving as the electrode layer for TENG, was prepared by in-situ polymerization. The results showed that the frequency of 0.51 Hz, and the thickness of 125 μm, the open-circuit voltage (Voc) and short-circuit current (Isc) of the PTZ-based TENG reached the highest value of 255 V and − 640–615nA, respectively, when using polyoxymethylene (POM) nanofiber membrane as positive material. Moreover, PTZ-based TENG had demonstrated excellent properties, such as the acid- and alkali-resistant, photocatalytic self-cleaning, and UV-shielding, shown the potential for use in extreme environment. Meanwhile, PTZ-based TENG had vividly demonstrated the hydrophobicity, flame retardancy, flexibility, conductive durability, breathability and moisture permeability. The PTZ-based TENG, as a self-powered electricity source, can not only instantly light up 35 LEDs but also charge electronic watch and calculator. Moreover, it can also serve as a sensor switch, integrated into the surface of a lab coat, where it can be lightly touched to activate an alarm system in case of danger. Interestingly, the PTZ-based TENG is also expected to serve as a kind of electrostatic-induction switch, turning light bulbs on or off without direct contact.

Niobium‐Doped Bismuth Titanate‐Loaded PVDF‐HFP Flexible Composite Films for Self‐Powered Stair Sensing and Emergency Alert Applications via Hybrid Mechanical Energy Harvesters

AbstractWith the rise of demand for smart wearable and flexible electronic devices in the modern world, high‐performance hybrid mechanical energy harvesters (HMEHs), which can easily convert biomechanical energy into electricity for powering a variety of portable electronic gadgets and operating smart sensors, have gained extensive interest. Herein, propose piezo/ferroelectric and dielectric niobium (Nb)‐doped bismuth titanate (Bi4Ti3‐xNbxO12, NBTO) plates, are proposed and synthesized by a molten‐salt synthesis technique, and they are further embedded into the poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (NBTO/PVDF‐HFP) flexible composite film (CF) to construct a flexible HMEH. The prepared NBTO/PVDF‐HFP CFs reveal good piezo/ferroelectricity, β‐phase fraction, and dielectric properties, which can improve the electrical output performance of the HMEH. The 2 wt.% NBTO/PVDF‐HFP CF‐based HMEH exhibits high and stable electrical performance of ≈175 V, ≈5.8 µA, ≈76 µC m−2, and ≈2.02 W m−2, respectively. Furthermore, the durability and mechanical robustness analysis of the HMEH is conducted for several days. The real‐time applications of the HMEH are demonstrated by harvesting the biomechanical energy obtained from daily human activities and powering various portable electronics. Also, the HMEH integrated with an Arduino microcontroller unit is employed as a smart sensor switch for implementing smart home/building stair‐sensing applications and sending emergency e‐mail alerts.

Design and Implementation of a High-Voltage Radiation-hard Hall Switch Sensor

Design and Implementation of a High-Voltage Radiation-hard Hall Switch Sensor

Early detection and prevention of motorcycle theft by using microcontroller system and mobile platform

Old models of motorcycles which use manual transmission do not have security features as the latest model. The objective of this publication is to develop and test the system for early detection and prevention of motorcycles by detecting the position of its side stand, the presence of vibration, the beep of horn, monitoring the actual position of the motorcycle and turning off the motorcycle remotely from a distance. The proposed system was developed based on the ESP32 microcontroller by using a limit switch sensor, vibration sensor, and Blynk platform on smartphones to monitor the motorcycle position on google maps. The obtained system was powered by using an external battery to separate from internal electricity of the motorcycle to prevent any kickback current which could damage the Capacitor Discharge Ignition of the motorcycle. The proposed system was tested on various locations to simulate when there was any theft attempt. The test results showed that the proposed system was able to give the actual position of the motorcycle, able to turn on the horn of the motorcycle as well as to turn off the motorcycle engine remotely from a distance by using the Blynk platform on the smartphone.

Flexible Switching Pressure Sensors with Fast Response and Less Bending-Sensitive Performance Applied to Pain-Perception-Mimetic Gloves.

A strategy is proposed herein for preparing a flexible switching piezoresistive pressure sensor, which has a bridge-like structure and inverted micropyramids (IMPs) on its lower conductive substrate. The sensor substrates were prepared by injection compression molding (an industrial manufacturing process) using thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU; an industrial grade polymer). The designed bridge-like structure enables the sensor to obtain a pressure threshold. The flexibility of upper and lower TPU substrates allows them to contact quickly when pressed, and so the sensor exhibits a fast response (as short as 2 ms) and can respond to both static force and dynamic force (up to 50 Hz frequency), which are prominent for the sensor made from TPU. The sensor exhibits less bending-sensitive performance, which is attributed to the conformality of the upper and lower substrates and lower strain on the lower substrate with the IMP under bending. The sensor can amplify signal response at the monitoring limit (the relative resistance change is up to 46%). It can achieve a higher sensitivity in different low-pressure ranges by changing the gap of the bridge-like structure. Moreover, the sensor can obviously and steadily respond to an additional very low pressure under preloading and exhibits good durability performance. As the sensor has a pressure threshold similar to the human pain perception process, a pain-perception-mimetic glove that can identify the external mechanical stimuli but reduces the interference of finger bending is prepared, displaying potential applications of the flexible switching sensor in intelligent wearable protectors.

An LF-NMR homogeneous immunoassay for Vibrio parahaemolyticus based on superparamagnetic 2D nanomaterials

In this work, a sensitive low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) homogeneous immunoassay, also called magnetic resonance switch (MRSw) sensor, for Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) was developed. Superparamagnetic 2D nanomaterial was designed and used as the magnetic probe of MRSw sensor. It was GO@SPIONs&Ab, a composite nanomaterial with many superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (SPIONs) providing a magnetic signal and VP antibody (Ab) specifically recognizing the target VP evenly distributed on the surface of GO. The presence of VP controllably changed the aggregation state of the probe, eliminating the uncertainty of MRSw sensor type, and thus then achieving a regular variation of transverse relaxation time T2 and ensuing quantitative detection of VP. Triple signal enhancement of the MRSw sensor was obtained due to the application of the designed 2D probe, by increasing the number of SPIONs, improving the magnetic intensity and susceptibility, and forming a synergistic effect. Under optimized experimental conditions, VP could be detected with satisfied sensitivity, selectivity, precision, accuracy, and stability, even in turbid real samples. LOQ for VP was 10 CFU/mL. This detection principle is widely applicable, providing an idea for the construction of highly sensitive MRSw sensors.

Design of a Home Door Security System Based on NodeMCU ESP32 Using a Magnetic Reed Switch Sensor and Telegram Bot Application

With very rapid technological advancements, it is not possible now that all activities can be carried out quickly, easily, and instantly. The Internet of Things (IoT) allows us to solve various problems by making some devices communicate with each other across the virtual world network. This study uses the prototyping method by explaining how to design a home door security system that can be controlled by a smartphone with a WiFi connection and can use a card consisting of a chip connected to a reader. The design of this tool consists of several stages, namely designing a block diagram of how the circuit works, and designing hardware (Hardware) and software (Software). From the results of system testing, it can be seen that when conducting RFID testing by tapping the card on the reader. The system is successful and the door can be opened according to the NUID card that has been registered with the program and it can fail by using a card that is not registered in the system. Which indicates the test results are working properly. The working capability of the system on the door security device is as expected and the response from the magnetic reed switch sensor as input from the notification is very good. This system using RFID functions to make it easier for users to control the door of the house with a smartphone connected to wifi so that users don't just use conventional keys.

Rancang Bangun Prototype Sistem Monitoring Tandon Otomatis Menggunakan Mikrokontroller ESP32 Berbasis Internet Of Things

Filling reservoir water automatically using a pressure switch and radar is still not effective, because it cannot know how much water is in the reservoir in real time and how much water comes out of the reservoir. In addition, there is a problem with drilled wells where the source of water is not always available, when the well runs out the water pump will run continuously and can cause damage to the water pump. Therefore this study aims to make reservoir water filling automatic, maintain water availability in reservoirs, monitor water in reservoirs in real time, remote control and protect water pumps when well water supplies run out. This research was made using the ESP32 microcontroller, water flow sensor, water switch sensor and also utilizing the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor. This research produces a tool that can work well for monitoring how much water is in the reservoir, turning off or on the pump automatically based on the water level in the reservoir, monitoring how much water discharge comes out of the reservoir and monitoring whether or not there is input of water into the reservoir so that the water pump does not lights up continuously when the well or reservoir water runs out to prevent damage to the water pump. All of these systems are controlled by the ESP32 microcontroller which is connected to the internet of things and Android devices so that they can be monitored in real time.

Bell pepper derived nitrogen-doped carbon dots as a pH-modulated fluorescence switching sensor with high sensitivity for visual sensing of 4-nitrophenol

Recently, converting bio-waste into bio-asset and implementing a portable sensing instrument for pollutant monitoring has been highly desirable and challenging. Herein, biomass-derived nitrogen-doped carbon dots (CDs) are prepared hydrothermally and emit blue fluorescence (470 nm) with a high quantum yield of 23.2%. Significantly, CDs can serve as a pH-modulated fluorescence switching nano-sensor to detect 4-NP from 0.054 to 68 μM with low detection limit (LOD, 54 nM) and limit of quantification (LOQ, 181 nM) based on inner filter effect. Moreover, the satisfactory recovery of 101.8–107.5% is gained in practical sample monitoring. Furthermore, a smartphone-integrated optosensing device with CDs-based film is developed for detecting 4-NP with LOD and LOQ of 0.110 μM and 0.350 μM. Concomitantly, the practicability of this device is further validated in several crop samples with satisfactory recovery rates of 101.6–108.6%. Therefore, this work provides a reliable way and a prospective application for on-site 4-NP monitoring in food.

Short-term dietary intervention improves endothelial dysfunction induced by high-fat feeding in mice through upregulation of the AMPK-CREB signaling pathway.

In addition to functioning as an energy sensor switch, AMPK plays a key role in the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis. However, obesity disrupts AMPK signaling, contributing to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to elucidate if a short-term dietary intervention consisting in replacing the high-fat diet with a standard diet for 2 weeks could reverse obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction via AMPK-CREB activation. For this, 5-week-old male C57BL6J mice were fed a standard (Chow) or a high-fat (HF) diet for 8 weeks. The HF diet was replaced by the chow diet for the last 2 weeks in half of HF mice, generating 3 groups: Chow, HF and HF-Chow. Vascular reactivity and western-blot assays were performed in the thoracic aorta. Returning to a chow diet significantly reduced body weight and glucose intolerance. Relaxant responses to acetylcholine and the AMPK activator (AICAR) were significantly impaired in HF mice but improved in HF-Chow mice. The protein levels of AMPKα, p-CREB and antioxidant systems (heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and catalase) were significantly reduced in HF but normalized in HF-Chow mice. Improving dietary intake by replacing a HF diet with a standard diet improves AMPK-mediated responses due to the upregulation of the AMPK/CREB/HO-1 signaling pathway.