Swinburne University Research Articles

An Interview with Tsong Yueh Chen - 2024 SIGSOFT Awardee

Tsong Yueh Chen received the 2024 SIGSOFT Outstanding Research Award for contributions to software testing through the invention and development of metamorphic testing. He is currently a Professor of Software Engineering at the Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia. Previously, he pursued a PhD degree from the University of Melbourne and an MSc degree and DIC from the Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, U.K. Before joining Swinburne University of Technology, he has lectured at The University of Hong Kong and The University of Melbourne. His research interests fall within the area of software engineering, with a focus on software analysis and testing, debugging, and program repair. He invented adaptive random testing and metamorphic testing. In 2021, the article he co-authored on "Adaptive Random Testing: The ART of test case diversity" (2010) was awarded with the Grand Champion of the Most Influential Paper Award of the "Journal of Systems and Software".

Wind-induced creaking noise assessment of 3D full-scale assemblies of drywall system using multi-axis cyclic testing

The lateral wind load applied to high-rise buildings results in movements that can cause creaking noises in drywall partitions with suspended ceiling systems. These noises can be disruptive to the residents and impair the structure’s serviceability. In this study, a sequence of large-scale three-dimensional (3D) experiments was conducted on two assemblies of drywall partitions with a suspended ceiling system to address this serviceability issue. The goal was to explore the 3D response of these assemblies, with a key emphasis on validating the effectiveness of adhesives in mitigating noise introduced by screw fixings, not only for individual walls but also when interacting with neighbouring walls and ceilings, which represent the real-world conditions. The six-degree of freedom (6-DOF) Multi-Axis Substructure Testing (MAST) system at Swinburne University Technology was used to simulate realistic wind load conditions. Two sets of test specimens were constructed using different methods to fix the plasterboard wall lining to the cold-formed steel (CFS) frame, which was rigidly bolted to both the MAST crosshead and the floor below. The first set of specimens (Assembly 1) had the plasterboards screw-fixed to the steel frame, while the second set (Assembly 2) used adhesive-only or a combination of adhesive and screw-fixing methods. Additionally, the instrumentation employed for acoustic measurements was strategically chosen to capture the noise generated by the overall system-level response. This served as a means of validating the serviceability noise experienced by users/occupants. Sound pressure level measurements and an acoustic camera were used simultaneously to identify the noise sources. The creaking noise measurements were compared for different specimens of Assemblies 1 and 2 and the effects of different construction details (e.g. fixing method, plasterboard ceiling lining, etc.) on wind-induced creaking noises were discussed. The results of this study can provide valuable insights for manufacturers and designers to minimize creaking noises in drywall partition systems and propose new construction techniques to improve the serviceability of high-rise buildings.

Safety and adherence to medications and self-care advice in oncology (SAMSON): pilot randomised controlled trial protocol

IntroductionWith the increasing use of oral anti-cancer medicines (OAMs), research demonstrating the magnitude of the medication non-adherence problem and its consequences on treatments’ efficacy and toxicity is drawing more attention....

Opening statement

Interested Australian universities with Interior Design/Interior Architecture degrees held an inaugural meeting in Sydney in 1996 to elicit interest in an association to advocate Interior Design/Interior Architecture education and research. In 1997 IDEA was formalised to encourage and support excellence in the discipline. This is the Inaugural publication of the annual ‘IDEA Referred Design Scheme’, one of the activities the IDEA committee promotes. Participating universities include: Curtin University of Technology, Queensland College of Art, Queensland University of Technology, Northern Territory University, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, University of New South Wales, University of South Australia and the University of Technology Sydney.

Effectiveness of bioretention system and vegetated swale for reducing urban flood risk in equatorial region: a case study in Kuching, Malaysia

One of the main causes of urban inundation is the rise of impermeable surfaces brought on by increasing urbanization. Low impact development (LID) practices have been employed in previous studies to mitigate urban flooding. However, the effectiveness of LID practices in reducing runoff peaks and improving water quality is unknown, especially in the equatorial region. This study explored nine alternative scenarios to evaluate the effectiveness of the bioretention system and vegetated swale using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). Using precipitation data of December 2021, the Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus has been chosen as the case study. The findings demonstrated that these two LID practices could significantly lessen urban flooding. Under scenario 7, the combination of 28.4% bioretention system and 11.3% vegetated swale reduced the maximum runoff peaks by 22.98% at Peak A, 24.71% at Peak B, and 24.09% at Peak C. In the meantime, under scenario 7, the implemented LID practice has removed 20.09% of TSS, 19.75% of TP, and 12.26% of TN. It was discovered that runoff peak reduction increases as the area covered by vegetated swale and bioretention system increases. The outcomes showed that bioretention system performed better than the vegetated swale in reducing peak runoff and enhancing water quality. Local authorities can use the findings of this study to offer recommendations for reducing disaster risk, controlling urban flooding, and revitalizing urban areas.

Interleukin 10 (IL10) promoter region polymorphism is associated with IL10 serum concentrations and processing speed in healthy community-dwelling older adults

Inflammation is repressed by interleukin 10 (IL10), a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine, and unchecked inflammation can have detrimental effects on cognition. In healthy older adults enrolled in the Australian Research Council Longevity Intervention (ARCLI) cohort we explored whether a known functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter region of IL10, −1082 G/A (rs1800896), was associated with reaction times on computerized cognitive testing that included elements of processing speed (i.e., reaction time). Participants were aged 60–75 years (240 females, 158 males), free of dementia and psychiatric disorders, and provide a blood sample. Processing speed was measured using the Swinburne University Computerized Cognitive Assessment Battery (SUCCAB), which includes measures of reaction time (in milliseconds, ms) on six tasks. Blood-derived DNA was genotyped for the IL10 rs1800896 SNP and presence of the APOE E4 allele. General linear models for each SUCCAB subtest were fitted, with age, sex, education (years), APOE E4 carrier status, and IL10 genotype as independent variables. Carriers of the IL10 AA genotype had significantly slower reaction times on multiple tests compared to carriers of the minor allele (AG, GG) and lower IL10 serum levels. Although IL10 SNPs have not been detected in Alzheimer’s disease genome-wide associated studies, these results support further exploration of IL10 mechanisms as a possible resilience factor.

Digital storytelling intervention to enhance social connections and participation for people with mild cognitive impairment: a research protocol.

Interventions utilizing the principles of digital storytelling can improve cognitive ability by cultivating positive emotions and framing a new way to enhance social participation among people with mild cognitive impairment. However, existing research has understudied group-based storytelling, focusing instead on building individual stories and connections with family and friends. In response to this research gap, this paper proposes co-designing a digital storytelling intervention for people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) to enhance their social participation and build meaningful connections. We will conduct two co-design workshops with people with MCI (n = 12), their caregivers (n = 4-12), and therapists (n = 5) in Beijing, China, to facilitate the co-development of the digital storytelling application. During the first workshop, we will utilize card sorting and voting to define potential facilitators of social participation, identifying the abilities people with MCI want to improve through storytelling. During the second workshop, we will build on these findings to facilitate people with MCI and their caregivers to visualize the interfaces. After reflexive thematic analysis of the co-design workshops, we will develop a digital storytelling application and test its usability and efficacy among people with MCI and therapists, respectively. A single-blinded field test will be conducted with 20 community-dwelling adults with MCI (Age: 65+). The testing will consist of an intervention group of 10 participants who use the co-designed digital storytelling intervention and a control group of 10 participants who will not use the co-designed intervention on the waiting list. The intervention period will extend over 7 weeks, with individual intervention sessions lasting 30 min. We will evaluate its efficacy in terms of social participation, social connectedness, self-efficacy, subjective sense of happiness, and user experience of people with MCI. This study will examine an innovative digital storytelling intervention to enhance social participation among people with MCI. This study is expected to advance the concept of community-centric social groups in social health service contexts by integrating technological solutions with the self-identified needs and lived experiences of people with MCI, increasing the motivation of people with MCI to cultivate social participation. Swinburne University of Technology's Human Research Ethics Committee gave ethics approval for this research (Approval Number: 20226525-11105; Date: 26/09/2022). Our findings shall be reported in peer-reviewed journal articles and at relevant conferences.

Noise and structural vibration assessment of the Qubit 360 partition wall system

High-rise buildings can be highly susceptible to the action of dynamic loads produced by the action of wind and earthquakes. Creaky noise towers can be a major, and often overlooked, consideration in the design and operation of new developments. A reliable and considered approach to assessing creaky towers is needed to achieve relevant standards and to minimize environmental impacts on buildings and structures. In collaboration with Swinburne University of Technology and Traxx Metal Framing Systems, our team tested the structure-borne noise and vibration responses of a lightweight prototype implementing a patented vibration isolation system for building movements, Qubit 360. The primary goal of this research work was to refine, develop, and test this innovative system that can be used in multi-storey constructions and confirm the structural and vibro-acoustic behavior during a loading series of lateral drift simulating the movement of a building. Monitoring a structure with the Multi-Axis Substructure Testing System under the dynamics effects of different loading events allowed our team to understand the dynamic behavior of a lightweight prototype, and improve its safety, reliability, performance, and comfort. The proposed abstract will focus on an overview of the process involved in the laboratory and will present the vibro-acoustics results for a number of different specimens that implement the isolation system.

Preface

MAEM (International Conference on Mechanical Automation and Engineering Materials) is an annually held conference for all researchers at home and abroad since 2022, aiming to provide a good platform for scholars and researchers in the field of mechanical automation, engineering materials and related areas to discuss the latest developments and achievements, work out good solutions, and make contributions.The Second International Conference on Mechanical Automation and Engineering Materials (MAEM 2023) was held online from August 2 to 3, 2023 for academic exchanges and discussions.There were over 30 participants from 5 different countries and regions, including China, Russia, Peru and Malaysia, attending MAEM 2023. The conference program was divided into 3 sessions: keynote speeches, oral presentations, and poster presentations. We greatly appreciate Prof. Zhongjun Ding from National Deep Sea Center, China who presided over the conference, and all participants for attending and sharing!We are honored to invite 4 experts to give impressive keynote speeches: Professor Haibo Liu from Dalian University of Technology, China; Prof. Yajun Liu from South China University of Technology, China; Prof. Li Guo from Hunan University, China and Assoc. Prof. Elammaran Jayamani from the Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus, Malaysia.Following the keynote speakers, 3 scholars made oral presentations respectively. And 1 poster presentation came after it. Reporters shared their latest research findings and audiences were actively involved in discussions.We would like to express our gratitude to the reviewers of these manuscripts, who provided their time and expertise to review papers and facilitate the smooth running of MAEM. We are extremely grateful to the organizers, technical program committee, and editors and extend our most sincere thanks to all the authors for their excellent contribution and work and to participants for their active attendance. Our sincere thanks also go to the IOP Publishing editors and managers for their helpful cooperation during the preparation of the proceedings.On behalf of the Organizing Committee of MAEM 2023.List of Technical Program Committee is available in this Pdf.

Characterization and Deviation Analysis of a High-Flux Solar Simulator With Metal-Halide Lamps

Abstract Utilizing highly concentrated solar power for thermochemical processing as one of the extraterrestrial in situ resource utilization (ISRU) applications has been highlighted as an essential technique to support deep-space exploration in the future. Multi-source high-flux solar simulators (HFSSs) are widely employed to provide stable irradiance for indoor solar thermal experiments. Meanwhile, numerical modeling that can characterize the radiation transport mechanisms within the solar thermal system has been developed for performance evaluation before field trials. However, significant differences between simulated and measured flux distributions were shown for existing models developed based on the Monte-Carlo ray-tracing (MCRT) method, which has been attributed to only one or two specific reasons. In this paper, we proposed a comprehensive analysis of the concentration characteristics of a 42 kW metal-halide lamp HFSS, developed at Swinburne University of Technology, considering the effect of five aspects. The flux distribution, uniformity, and vector distribution under different configurations were compared to quantify the influence of these factors on receiving irradiance. The suitable arc size, reflector shape, and reflector surface properties of the existing HFSS have also been numerically determined to improve the model and reduce the root mean square error (RMSE) for the lamp array from 38.2% to 8.3%. This research provides a potential pathway to numerically predict the radiation transfer performance of HFSSs and determine the suitable configuration for desired solar thermochemical applications.

Ask me anything: Sara Webb

Sara Webb is an astrophysicist and science communicator at the Swinburne University of Technology in Australia. Her research involves using AI and machine learning in astronomy, with a focus on finding and identifying anomalous sources of data in large and complex astrophysical surveys. She is also the mission director of the Swinburne Youth Space Innovation Challenge and in 2022 was named as one of the country’s “Superstars of STEM” – an initiative of Science and Technology Australia.

Preface

ICPMS (International Conference on Physics, Mathematics and Statistics) is an annually held conference for all researchers at home and abroad since 2018, aiming to provide a good platform for scholars and researchers in the field of physics, mathematics and statistics to discuss the latest developments and achievements, work out good solutions, and make contributions.The 6th International Conference on Physics, Mathematics, and Statistics (ICPMS 2023) was held online from May 20 to 21, 2023 for academic exchanges and discussions.There were over 30 participants from 4 different countries and regions, including China, Brazil, and Malaysia, attending ICPMS2023. The conference program was divided into 3 sessions: keynote speeches, oral presentations, and poster presentations. We greatly appreciate Prof. Wanyang Dai from Nanjing University, who presided over the conference, and all participants for attending and sharing!We are honored to invite 6 experts to give impressive keynote speeches: Professor Rongming Wang from Beijing University of Science and Technology, China; Prof. Le Fang from Beihang University, China; Prof. Fujun Zhang from Beijing Jiaotong University, China; Prof. Jianhua Zeng from University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Asso. Prof. Jingya Sun from Beijing Institute of Technology, China, and Asso. Prof. Elammaran Jayamani from the Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus, Malaysia.Following the keynote speakers, 3 scholars made oral presentations respectively in the afternoon. And 9 poster presentations came after it. Reporters shared their latest research findings and audiences were actively involved in discussions.We would like to express our gratitude to the reviewers of these manuscripts, who provided their time and expertise to review papers and facilitate the smooth running of ICPMS. We are extremely grateful to the organizers, technical program committee, and editors and extend our most sincere thanks to all the authors for their excellent contribution and work and to participants for their active attendance. Our sincere thanks also go to the IOP Publishing editors and managers for their helpful cooperation during the preparation of the proceedings.On behalf of the Organizing Committee of ICPMS 2023.List of Technical Program Committee are available in this pdf.

A Survey on Recent Advances in Distributed Filtering over Sensor Networks Subject to Communication Constraints

Survey/review study A Survey on Recent Advances in Distributed Filtering over Sensor Networks Subject to Communication Constraints Yu-Ang Wang 1,2, Bo Shen 1,2, Lei Zou 1,2, and Qing-Long Han 3,* 1 College of Information Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China 2 Engineering Research Center of Digitalized Textile and Fashion Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201620, China 3 School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia * Correspondence: qhan@swin.edu.au Received: 30 January 2023 Accepted: 31 January 2023 Published: 23 June 2023 Abstract: The sensor network (SN) has long been an ongoing research topic with many successful applications in a wide range of fields. Lying in the core part of this paper is the distributed filtering problem over SNs that has been gaining growing research interests. We aim to provide a timely survey on recent advances in the distributed filtering problems over SNs subject to communication constraints. First, some basic knowledge concerning the distributed filter design issue is provided in terms of background introduction and mathematical descriptions. Then, some frequently encountered network-induced complexities resulting from communication constraints are comprehensively reviewed. Subsequently, the latest research progress of the distributed filtering schemes is discussed in detail for various systems over SNs with different performance specifications. Furthermore, practical applications of the distributed filtering methods are presented that include target tracking and distributed generation. Finally, concluding remarks are given followed by possible future research directions.

Energy Literacies

In October 2022, A/P Justin Leontini (Dept. of Mechanical and Product Design Engineering) and A/P Max Schleser (Dept. of Film, Games and Animation) ran a mobile storytelling workshop with a regional primary school in Victoria, Australia. Pupils learned digital storytelling and rookie smartphone filmmaking basics to engage in a discussion about energy. The co-created (Auguiste 2020) mobile stories are part of the development of an Energy Literacy Community Toolkit, which is developed by Schleser, Wheeler, Leontini and the Social Innovation Research Institute at Swinburne University of Technology for Central Victorian Greenhouse Alliance in connection with the Donald & Tarnagulla Microgrid Feasibility & Demonstration study. This study is supported by Centre for New Energy Technologies (C4NET) and the Department of Industry, Science, Energy and Resources (CVGA 2022) in Victoria, Australia. This research creation project Where does Power come from? illustrates the Community Engagement: Donald and Tarnagulla Microgrid Feasibility Study project’s process and the co-created understanding for the next generation of power end-users. The research objective was to develop a community voice in the microgrid feasibility study. The co-created mobile stories are developed with an interest-based model (McCosker et al. 2018). Through understanding the communities’ perspectives and perceptions, this research worked with micro, horizontal hierarchies and ‘open space’ storytelling approaches (Zimmermann and De Michiel 2018, 2, 33 and 31). The theoretical underpinning draws upon a legacy of community arts (Dunn and Leeson 1997) and activism notion of ‘nothing about us without us’ (Charlton 2000). The co-created method enables to develop an understanding about particular thematic through applying a community point of view or language to develop a resource for the community. Mobile story making (Schleser 2018) is a conversation starter. The pupil’s, their parents, neighbours and other community members will ‘like’ these videos because they are featured in these stories (Gondry 2008). The project shifts the conversation to the heart of the community and provides new community engagement touch points. Understanding local community needs such as reliability, cost and self-sufficiency is a key element in setting up a community microgrid. Rural and regional communities tend to be at the end of the grid or have long distribution lines, leading to quality deterioration of the electricity supply. These communities and their businesses are seeking a balance of reliable, sustainable and low-cost electricity tailored to their needs (C4Net 2022).

Bibliometric Analysis of Malaysian Authorship: Trends, Patterns, And Prospects

Bibliometric analysis has emerged as a crucial instrument for interdisciplinary scholars who aim to comprehend the complex terrain of scientific knowledge. The current study employed a bibliometric analysis to scrutinise bibliometric publications by Malaysian authors. The bibliometric datasets utilised in this study were collected from the Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases. The obtained datasets were subjected to analysis and visualisation through the utilisation of ScientoPy and VOSviewer. The results suggest that Malaysian authors have actively participated in producing bibliometric papers in both Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases. Ahmi A. from Universiti Utara Malaysia and Lim W.M. from the Swinburne University of Technology, Sarawak, have published 27 and 25 works, making them the most prolific authors. The terms “CiteSpace”, “artificial intelligence”, “PRISMA”, “machine learning”, “systematic literature review”, “Biblioshiny”, “Bibliographic coupling”, and “performance analysis” have garnered significant attention in academic circles in 2022. This study presented that India and the United Kingdom exhibit parity in co-author affiliations with Malaysian authors. The most commonly employed author keywords by previous researchers were “bibliometric analysis”, “research evaluation”, “scientometrics”, “citation analysis”, and “co-authorship analysis”. Future research endeavours could concentrate on delving deeper into these subjects and scrutinising novel topics and domains of interest in bibliometric analysis.

Multiaxis Hybrid Simulation of Collapse Resistant Buildings with Ductile Soft Story Formed by Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Columns

A widespread problem in regions of low to moderate seismicity is the failure of buildings with soft-story collapse mechanisms. A reliable approach to improve the design of such buildings is to use concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) columns to form a ‘ductile’ soft story to arrest damage at the first level. This can perform as an isolator to limit the damage and prevent it from spreading to the rest of the building. In this paper, the multiaxis hybrid simulation method is used to evaluate the three-dimensional response of CFT columns while they serve as part of a building developing ductile soft first story mechanism. For this purpose, the multiaxis substructure testing (MAST) system at Swinburne University of Technology was utilized to simulate realistically the time-varying multi-directional boundary forces generated by ground motions on the CFT columns. The circular and square cross-section shapes as the most popular type of CFTs were tested and the damage progression, global hysteretic behavior, and deteriorating mechanisms were studied. The obtained data were then used to conduct a fragility analysis to compute the risk of collapse. The results highlight the excellent performance of CFTs and their potential to construct low-damage collapse resistant buildings.

Alan Nankervis, Julia Connell, JuliAlana Montague and John Burgess (2021) The Fourth Industrial Revolution: what does it mean for Australian industry? Springer, pp. 239.

Asia Pacific Journal of Human ResourcesEarly View Book Review Alan Nankervis, Julia Connell, JuliAlana Montague and John Burgess (2021) The Fourth Industrial Revolution: what does it mean for Australian industry?Springer, pp. 239. Peter Holland, Corresponding Author Peter Holland [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0001-7256-2545 Swinburne University of TechnologySearch for more papers by this author Peter Holland, Corresponding Author Peter Holland [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0001-7256-2545 Swinburne University of TechnologySearch for more papers by this author First published: 24 May 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7941.12378Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue RelatedInformation

Enabling in-depth analysis in heat exchanger network synthesis via graph-theoretic tool: Experiences in Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus

The ability and capability to analyze and benchmark alternative designs on top of the optimal network are deemed valuable competencies for current and future chemical engineers. In this context, a process graph (P-graph)-inspired tool – P-HENS is introduced to an integrated plant design unit in an undergraduate chemical engineering degree program at Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus in Malaysia. The energy recovery aspect is one of the key design elements in the integrated plant design unit. The introduction of P-HENS, which is capable of mathematically determining multiple optimal and sub-optimal solutions is considered useful for the students to (i) identify plausible heat exchanger networks (HENs) structures that may be overlooked using conventional approaches and (ii) enable a more in-depth analysis to justify the selected design. Overall, the implementation of P-HENS shows positive outcomes, where this free-of-charge software complements the learning of conventional manual approaches used in HENs synthesis. Furthermore, recommendations suggested by the users (students) are collected and compiled for potential future software development. This work serves as an essential reference for other chemical engineering educators who are teaching pinch analysis or heat integration-related courses.

"Burnout felt inevitable": Experiences of university staff in educating the nursing and allied health workforce during the first COVID-19 waves.

Maintaining progress in the face of looming burnout during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic was crucial for the health workforce, including those educating the next generation of health professionals. The experiences of students and healthcare practitioners have been explored to a greater degree than the experiences of university-based health professional educators. This qualitative study examined the experiences of nursing and allied health academics at an Australian University during COVID-19 disruptions in 2020 and 2021 and describes the strategies that academics and/or teams implemented to ensure course continuity. Academic staff from nursing, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, and dietetics courses at Swinburne University of Technology, Australia provided narratives regarding the key challenges and opportunities they faced. The narratives highlighted the strategies generated and tested by participants amidst rapidly changing health orders and five common themes were identified: disruption; stress; stepping up, strategy and unexpected positives, lessons, and legacy impacts. Participants noted challenges related to student engagement in online learning and ensuring the acquisition of discipline-specific practical skills during periods of lock-down. Staff across all disciplines reported increased workload associated with converting teaching to on-line delivery, sourcing alternative fieldwork arrangements, and dealing with high levels of student distress. Many reflected on their own expertise in using digital tools in teaching and their beliefs about the effectiveness of distance teaching for health professional training. Ensuring students were able to complete required fieldwork hours was particularly challenging due to constantly changing public health orders and conditions and staffing shortages at health services. This was in addition to illness and isolation requirements further impacting the availability of teaching associates for specialist skills classes. Solutions such as remote and blended learning telehealth, and simulated placements were rapidly implemented in some courses especially where fieldwork could not be rescheduled or amended at the health settings. The implications and recommendations for educating and ensuring competence development in the health workforce during times when usual teaching methods are disrupted are discussed.

Critique and change: The “what”, “why”, “how”, and “so what”

Critique and change: The “what”, “why”, “how”, and “so what”