Sustainable Engineering Research Articles

Potential-dependent transition of reaction mechanisms for oxygen evolution on layered double hydroxides

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of crucial importance to sustainable energy and environmental engineering, and layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are among the most active catalysts for OER in alkaline conditions, but the reaction mechanism for OER on LDHs remains controversial. Distinctive types of reaction mechanisms have been proposed for the O-O coupling in OER, yet they compose a coupled reaction network with competing kinetics dependent on applied potentials. Herein, we combine grand-canonical methods and micro-kinetic modeling to unravel that the nature of dominant mechanism for OER on LDHs transitions among distinctive types as a function of applied potential, and this arises from the interplay among applied potential and competing kinetics in the coupled reaction network. The theory-predicted overpotentials, Tafel slopes, and findings are in agreement with the observations of experiments including isotope labelling. Thus, we establish a computational methodology to identify and elucidate the potential-dependent mechanisms for electrochemical reactions.

Artificial intelligence an enabler for sustainable engineering decision-making in uncertain environment: a review and future propositions

PurposeSustainable development goals (SDGs) are gaining significant importance in the current environment. Many businesses are keen to adopt SDGs to get a competitive edge. There are certain challenges in realigning the present working scenario for sustainable development, which is a primary concern for society. Various firms are adopting sustainable engineering (SE) practices to tackle such issues. Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging technology that can help the ineffective adoption of sustainable practices in an uncertain environment. In this regard, there is a need to review the current research practices in the field of SE in AI. The purpose of the present study is to comprehensive review the research trend in the field of SE in AI.Design/methodology/approachThis work presents a review of AI applications in SE for decision-making in an uncertain environment. SCOPUS database was considered for shortlisting the articles. Specific keywords on AI, SE and decision-making were given, and a total of 127 articles were shortlisted after implying inclusion and exclusion criteria.FindingsBibliometric study and network analyses were performed to analyse the current research trends and to see the research collaboration between researchers and countries. Emerging research themes were identified by using structural topic modelling (STM) and were discussed further.Research limitations/implicationsResearch propositions corresponding to each research theme were presented for future research directions. Finally, the implications of the study were discussed.Originality/valueThis work presents a systematic review of articles in the field of AI applications in SE with the help of bibliometric study, network analyses and STM.

Mineralogy of the unified soil classes of Wadi As Suqah: A sustainable engineering geology approach

This research endeavors to enhance soil classification methodologies in alignment with sustainability goals for mining and construction activities. The study focuses on the evaluation, classification, and mapping of quaternary surface deposits in Wadi As Suqah. To achieve this objective, an integration of mineral analyses and unified soil classes was employed. Various research methods were utilized, including Geographic Information Systems (GIS), sieve analysis, Atterberg limits, and X-ray diffraction. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) on variance was employed to identify the most influential minerals within the deposits. Consequently, a sophisticated engineering geological map of the deposited category was created, resulting in the categorization of Wadi As Suqah into 13 groups (A, B, C, …, L) based on similar lithofacies. These groups further represented 7 clusters of mineral-based classes, such as quartz-anorthite or quartz-albite, leading to the formation of 5 unified soil classes, namely SP, SP-SM, SM, SC-SM, and SC. Among the classified groups, group C, characterized by rich sandy quartz with some albite content, emerged as the largest group, occupying 20.3% of the total area. Conversely, group M, consisting of rich fine anorthite with a trace of quartz, constituted the minor group, representing only 0.5% of the entire area. The study acknowledges the limitations of being confined to surface investigations and, therefore, strongly recommends further subsurface investigations for a more comprehensive geotechnical understanding. The findings of this research hold significant implications for sustainable mining and construction practices by enabling a refined soil classification approach based on mineral composition and unified soil classes.

Sustainable development of Draksha- Beeja extract loaded gelatin and starch-based green and biodegradable mats for potential tissue engineering applications

Eco-friendly, cost-effective solutions can solve sustainable tissue engineering issues, including making natural, biodegradable, and non-toxic biomaterials. This study aims to assess Draksha Beeja supplements (Grape Seed Extract, INLIFE) loaded edible gelatin and potato starch-based mat in prospective tissue engineering applications. The fabricated mats were characterized physiochemically in detail using Scanning Electron Microscope, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Ultimate tensile strength Testing, Atomic Force Microscopy, and Thermogravimetry. They were also examined in-vitro and in-vivo for cytocompatibility and biocompatibility assessment. The hemocompatibility assay indicated no blood toxicity. In-vivo testing showed high biocompatibility and no toxic reactions. More than 80% cell viability was noted for all the 3 Mats. The mats degraded after 14 days, promoted cellular proliferation, and accelerated wound healing based on histological examinations. The Mats on in-vivo testing in rat models were found to have no allergic reaction or toxic effect. This work highlighted a new horizon using a natural product-based Mat for biomedical applications. The mats were biocompatible, ecologically safe, and had thermal and mechanical qualities, suggesting their use in tissue engineering applications, and can promote sustainable biomaterials.

Sustainable green reinforcement engineering: High-performance GTRM reinforced composites with interfacial gradient structure

Building reinforcement projects are designed to meet the requirements of modern sustainable development. However, the weak bonding performance of continuous glass fiber textiles to mortar presents a challenge in the manufacturing of GTRM composites, hindering their development and application. In this study, the gradient composite design technique was used to modify the interface transition zone between continuous glass fiber textile and mortar by introducing epoxy resin. This successfully resolved the issue of poor bonding between the continuous glass fiber textile and mortar interface, and promoted effective stress transfer between the two materials. The GTRM composites with an interfacial gradient structure exhibit excellent mechanical properties, including a tensile strength of 8 MPa and an interfacial shear force exceeding 27 KN. In addition, digital image correlation (DIC) was utilized to investigate the growth and development of cracks in GTRM composites, and the failure mechanism of tensile and interfacial shear tests was analyzed. Finally, the externally bonded GTRM composites were subjected to a three-point bending test, which demonstrated a significant improvement in the flexural strength and crack resistance of concrete beams.

How resilient are waterways of the Asian Himalayas? Finding adaptive measures for future sustainability

AbstractThe high‐mountain system, a storehouse of major waterways that support important ecosystem services to about 1.5 billion people in the Himalaya, is facing unprecedented challenges due to climate change during the 21st century. Intensified floods, accelerating glacial retreat, rapid permafrost degradation, and prolonged droughts are altering the natural hydrological balances and generating unpredictable spatial and temporal distributions of water availability. Anthropogenic activities are adding further pressure onto Himalayan waterways. The fundamental question of waterway management in this region is therefore how this hydro‐meteorological transformation, caused by climate change and anthropogenic perturbations, can be tackled to find avenues for sustainability. This requires a framework that can diagnose threats at a range of spatial and temporal scales and provide recommendations for strong adaptive measures for sustainable future waterways. This focus paper assesses the current literature base to bring together our understanding of how recent climatic changes have threatened waterways in the Asian Himalayas, how society has been responding to rapidly changing waterway conditions, and what adaptive options are available for the region. The study finds that Himalayan waterways are crucial in protecting nature and society. The implementation of integrated waterways management measures, the rapid advancement of waterway infrastructure technologies, and the improved governance of waterways are more critical than ever.This article is categorized under: Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water

Integrated Sustainability Score Implementation as an Objective Function in Sustainable Metabolic Engineering

The sustainable metabolic engineering (SME) concept was defined by Stalidzans and Dace as an approach to the selection of the most sustainable metabolic engineering designs taking the economic, environmental and social components of sustainability into account. At the centre of the sustainability calculations is a genome-scale metabolic model that provides full balance of all incoming and outgoing metabolic fluxes at steady state. Therefore, sustainability indicators are assigned for each exchange reaction, enabling the calculation of sustainability features of consumption or production of each metabolite. The further development of the SME concept depends on its implementation at the computational level to acquire applicable results—sustainable production strain designs. This study proposes for the first time a workflow and tools of SME implementation using constraint-based stoichiometric modelling, genome-scale metabolic models and growth-coupled product synthesis approach. To demonstrate the application of SME, a relatively simple engineering task has been carried out. The most sustainable designs have been identified using Escherichia coli as the chassis organism, glucose as a substrate and gene deletions as a metabolic engineering tool. A growth-coupled production design tool has been used to reduce the variability of sustainability. The 10,000 most sustainable designs are found to produce succinate as the main product with the number of deleted genes ranging from two to seven. Many similar designs were identified due to the combinatorial explosion of different alternative combinations of gene deletion sets that have the same impact on the metabolism.

Field measurement of the erosion threshold of silty seabed in the intertidal flat of the Yellow River Delta with a newly-developed annular flume

Accurately measuring the critical shear stress is crucial for numerous applications, such as sediment transport modeling, erosion prediction, and the design of sustainable coastal engineering structures. However, developing reliable and precise in-situ measurement devices faces significant challenges due to the harsh and dynamic nature of aquatic environments. Factors like turbulence and waves introduce complexities that must be considered when designing and calibrating these devices. The newly developed Openable Underwater Carousel In-situ Flume (OUC-IF) was used to determine the critical shear stress (τc) and quantify erosion rates. Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) was employed to measure 3D near-bottom velocities, which were then used to estimate and pre-calibrate bed shear stress (τ) applied on the seabed in the annular flume. Three computation methods of shear stress were evaluated: turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), direct covariance (COV), and log profile (LP). In-situ erosion experiments were conducted for the first time at two sites in the tidal flat of the Yellow River Delta (site 1 with a water depth of 1.32 m and site 2 with a water depth of 0.75 m). The critical shear stress was found to be 0.10 Pa at site 1 and 0.19 Pa at site 2, and the erosion rates of the sediments were successfully measured. The effect of wave-seabed interactions on erosion resistance was explored by theoretically estimating the wave-induced pore pressure of the seabed based on the observed data. The max liquefaction degree of the seabed at site 1 and site 2 was 0.035 and 0.057, respectively, and the average erosion coefficient Me was 2.63E-05 kg m-2s-1 at site 1 and 3.48E-05 kg m-2s-1 at site 2.

Enhanced CO2 mineralization and selective critical metal extraction from olivine and laterites

CO2 mineralization is a significant method for effective CO2 emission control because of formation of stable carbonate products and the availability of abundant mineral resources. The economic concern of the direct aqueous CO2 mineralization prevents the application to global warming mitigation. This work discovers that the CO2 mineralization of olivine can be significantly enhanced by using nitriloacetate (NTA) salt due to the competitive complexation and extraction of nickel and cobalt versus carbonate precipitation. The highly selective critical metal extraction can be also achieved and even considerably enhanced by using NTA compared to using ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) salt. Nearly 90% CO2 mineralization, nickel and cobalt extraction can be achieved and is suitable for both nickel-poor olivine and nickel-rich saprolite and limonite laterites. The recovery of nickel and cobalt makes the CO2 mineralization process favourable in both economics and technical outcome. The enhanced CO2 mineralization process can potentially earn $29, $557, and $221 net benefits for each t olivine, saprolite, and limonite, respectively. The success of the CO2 mineralization in technical and economic feasibility can potentially make the CO2 mineralization widely applicable and can make significant contributions to sustainable minerals engineering and resources management, and enhanced supply of critical metals and CO2 storage.

Methodological and practical approaches and principles of implementation of vim technologies in the activities of construction participants

In an era marked by constant technological changes and the transition of many business processes of enterprises to digital reality, construction participants are forced to review their principles and methods of construction work in order to remain at the forefront of innovative activities. This article examines methodological and practical approaches, as well as the main principles used for the successful integration of ideology, technologies and principles of building information modeling (BIM) into the operational structure of construction participants and stakeholders (using the example of engineering enterprises).The methodology lays the foundation for the implementation of BIM, emphasizing the strategic and combination of systemic, situational, function-oriented and process-oriented approaches, provides guidance to companies on adapting the implementation of building information modeling to improve productivity, optimize work processes and optimize overall project results. As a result of the transformative impact of BIM on project stages, from initial planning and design to modeling, construction and ongoing maintenance, digitization acts as a catalyst for positive change in projects.The article examines how building information modeling technologies fit within existing systems and project management actors commonly used in engineering practice and improve them. Issues related to data sharing and collaboration between interdisciplinary team members (designers, contractors, developers, suppliers, engineering firms, etc.) are addressed, demonstrating how building information modeling can be integrated into a variety of engineering processes.By offering a synthesis of methodological approaches, practical ideas, and overarching principles, the paper provides academics and construction professionals with a framework for implementing VIM, contributing to a paradigm shift toward more advanced, sustainable, and effective engineering practices.

Preface

ISCEE 2022, our 4th International Symposium on Civil and Environmental Engineering was successfully organized on 3rd and 4th October 2022. This is the second symposium in the history of ISCEE which is completely conducted on a digital platform in line with the social distancing norms due to Covid-19 pandemic over the world. The theme of this symposium is “Revitalising Engineering, Science and Technology for a Sustainable Earth” which is in line with global sustainable development goals. We prepare the world for the future generation. Hand-to-hand in making the world a better place to live.This biannual event was organized by the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia as a platform to exchange of knowledge and ideas between practitioners, researchers and scientists from both the academia and the industry on current and future practices in engineering, science and technology for a more sustainable world. Cooperation with the Faculty of Engineering, Technology and Built Environment of UCSI University, Transportation Science Society of Malaysia (TSSM), RD-Palmer Technology (M) Sdn Bhd, Prestige Geomatic Resources (M) Sdn Bhd, KANZU Knowledge Consultant and Caffeine & Callories by Gastro Scholar, have further strengthen the close relationship between universities, professional associations, and industry players.ISCEE 2022 reaches the major area in Civil Engineering including sustainable environment and water research, sustainable construction and structures, sustainable infrastructure engineering, as well as sustainable heritage and built environment. This proceeding contains 87 papers presented at the symposium using Zoom and Google Meet platform. All papers have been peer reviewed and passed several stages of edition procedures. We are highly appreciated the contribution from researchers, reviewers and committees in order to ensure the successful of this symposium. “With Wisdom We Explore” “Malaysia Madani” Sincerely, Dr. Mohammad Nasir Mohamad Taher Chairman of ISCEE 2022List of Conference Committee of ISCEE 2022 is available in this pdf.

Reaction: Avoid fairy dust when engineering water-purification technologies

Prof. Paul Westerhoff joined Arizona State University in August 1995 after working in industry and obtaining his PhD and was promoted to full professor as a university exemplar in 2007. He served as chair of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and was the founding director for the School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment. His research is in the area of water quality and treatment, specifically related to emerging pollutants and oxidation processes, and he received several research awards related to these topics. He was inducted into the National Academy of Engineering in 2023. Prof. Paul Westerhoff joined Arizona State University in August 1995 after working in industry and obtaining his PhD and was promoted to full professor as a university exemplar in 2007. He served as chair of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and was the founding director for the School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment. His research is in the area of water quality and treatment, specifically related to emerging pollutants and oxidation processes, and he received several research awards related to these topics. He was inducted into the National Academy of Engineering in 2023. Reaction: Harnessing reactive oxygen species (ROS) for water purificationZhu et al.ChemJune 08, 2023In BriefReactive oxygen species (ROS) play a vital role in water purification. We outline their natural presence in the water matrix through a variety of chemical and photochemical processes and discuss advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) that draw inspiration from natural principles to boost ROS generation. Moreover, we summarize key challenges in ROS-based technologies for water and wastewater treatment, explain their fundamental origins, and propose strategies for minimizing energy and chemical usage while mitigating the formation of toxic byproducts. Full-Text PDF Catalyst: The roles of chemistry in clean water for allYoung-Shin JunChemJune 08, 2023In BriefUnderstanding nanoscale interfacial reactions unlocks the chemistry controls that are critical for generating clean water. This catalysis article discusses three important roles of chemistry in clean water: understanding and controlling evolving interfaces induced by nucleation, deciphering and utilizing hidden interfaces in nanoconfined spaces, and harnessing interfaces with functionalized surfaces. Chemically guided developments of new materials and technologies for purifying clean water can bring all water resources back to one H2O, which supports life for all people. Full-Text PDF

Integrating Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods with Sustainable Engineering: A Comprehensive Review of Current Practices

Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods have gained increased attention in sustainable engineering, where complex decision-making problems require consideration of multiple criteria and stakeholder perspectives. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the different MCDM methods, their applications in sustainable engineering, and their strengths and weaknesses. The paper discusses the concept of sustainable engineering, its principles, and the different areas where MCDM methods have been applied, including energy, manufacturing, transportation, and environmental engineering. Case studies of real-world applications are presented and analyzed, highlighting the main findings and implications for engineering practice. Finally, the challenges and limitations of MCDM methods in sustainable engineering are discussed, and future research directions are proposed. This review contributes to the understanding of the role of MCDM methods in sustainable engineering and provides guidance for researchers and practitioners.

Development of an Epoxy Matrix Hybrid Composite with Astrocaryum Aculeatum (Tucumã) Endocarp and Kaolin from the Amazonas State in Brazil.

Composites with natural lignocellulosic fillers are being cited as a viable and sustainable alternative to conventional materials, as they combine lower costs with lower weight. In many tropical countries, such as Brazil, there is a considerable amount of lignocellulosic waste that is improperly discarded, which causes pollution of the environment. The Amazon region has huge deposits of clay silicate materials in the Negro River basin, such as kaolin, which can be used as fillers in polymeric composite materials. This work investigates a new composite material (ETK) made of epoxy resin (ER), powdered tucumã endocarp (PTE), and kaolin (K), without coupling agents, with the aim of producing a composite with lower environmental impact. The ETK samples, totaling 25 different compositions, were prepared by cold molding. Characterizations of the samples were performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). In addition, the mechanical properties were determined via tensile, compressive, three-point flexural and impact tests. The FTIR and SEM results showed an interaction between ER, PTE, and K, and the incorporation of PTE and K reduced the mechanical properties of the ETK samples. Nonetheless, these composites can be considered potential materials to be used for sustainable engineering applications in which high mechanical strength is not a main requirement of the material.

Impact of Waste as a Substrate on Biomass Formation, and Optimization of Spent Microbial Biomass Re-Use by Sustainable Metabolic Engineering

Biomass residue and waste stream bioconversion is a key pillar for successful transition toward sustainable bioeconomy. Spent microbial biomass (SMB) is a unique type of nutrient-rich residue generated from fermentation. This study addresses the waste–SMB–substrate cycle in fermentation. Data from a range of published fermentation processes using waste and non-waste substrates are analyzed for a variety of fermentation products including alcohols and biofuels, amino acids, polymers (PHA), and organic acids. On average, fermentation of waste substrates produces similar, or up to two–three times higher, amounts of SMB compared to purified substrates. SMB production from waste substrates is further illustrated with data from PHA production. The amino acid composition of SMB from 6 industrially relevant microorganisms is compared and shows relatively low variety (2–8%). The return of SMB as a (co-)substrate in fermentation is then considered by building upon the novel concept of sustainable metabolic engineering (SME). SME incorporates economic, environmental, and social sustainability criteria in its optimization algorithm to select microbial strain designs resulting in the most sustainable products. An example of SME application for SMB amino acid re-use by engineered Escherichia coli is demonstrated and discussed. A design with dual production of succinate and ethanol was found to be the most sustainable.

State‐of‐the‐art review of leak diagnostic experiments: Toward a smart water network

AbstractEffective water pipeline leak detection and localization can help water practitioners save water losses and reduce pipe rehabilitation budgets. Different sensing technologies can provide essential data aiding model development for predicting future leaks in the water distribution networks. Solutions for applying different sensing technologies to real water distribution networks are being developed for real‐time data collection, precise leak localization, reducing false alarms, and continuous pipeline monitoring. Experiments of different scales and specifications have been conducted to test the application and effectiveness of sensing technologies for leak diagnosis in water pipelines. Quality data collection is especially crucial for the successful implementation of these experiments. However, practitioners need help designing effective leak detection and localization experiments, wasting time, and resources. There needs to be a greater understanding of the design parameters for more accurate testing, such as sensor selection, sensor placement, ambient noise sources, and system operations. The current study, therefore, delineates design parameters for design leak diagnosis experiments for lab, testbed, and real networks. For application in real water networks, expert opinion is used to help identify the benefits and limitations and the implementation issues of available sensing technologies. An example experiment design using multi‐sensing technologies for smart leak diagnostics in Hong Kong is also presented. The study can guide water practitioners and researchers to design a multi‐sensing leak diagnostic experiments enabling a smart and sustainable utility management.This article is categorized under: Engineering Water > Methods Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water Science of Water > Water Extremes

Systematic review and cutting-edge applications of prominent heuristic optimizers in sustainable energies

In recent decades, significant research has been devoted to optimizing sustainable energies to improve their technical performance, economic profitability, and social acceptance. Despite the development and application of numerous heuristic algorithms in the field of sustainable energy, a systematic review of the most popular solvers remains scarce. Therefore, this study developed a Boolean logic-based program in three keyword blocks to conduct a literature search for the applications of heuristic solvers in sustainable energy, investigating their geographic- and topic-based popularity and exploring the factors contributing to their success. After describing the basic concepts and terminology of optimization, the generic applications of 28 standard heuristic algorithms in the current literature on renewable energy were assessed, from which particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithms exhibited superior performance. Therefore, the history, structure, and variants of these two algorithms were extensively analyzed to understand the reasons behind their frequent applications in three major sustainable engineering fields: energy integration, buildings, and transportation. The search results revealed that the distinguished articles typically employed the multiobjective and hybrid variants of the two algorithms. The primary impetus for their development was the familiarity of the employing communities rather than the type of optimization problems or search spaces. The first authors were mainly affiliated with China, India, Iran, and the United States, whereas the active higher education institutes were distributed in several regions without a regular pattern. Considering their productive role in publishing advanced research, open-source journals are expected to spearhead future research in this field.

N-doped porous carbon derived from macadamia nut shell for CO2 adsorption

Selective adsorption and converting CO2 upon efficient solid-based adsorbents is critical for net-zero accomplishment. Herein, we develop an advisable strategy to prepare nitrogen-enriched porous carbons using the macadamia nutshell (MNS) as a carbon precursor, KOH as the activator and melamine as the nitrogen agent, respectively. The as-prepared porous carbons exhibit an enhanced specific surface area of 1731 m2/g and high microporosity with abundant nitrogen functional groups and structural defects. The CO2 uptake of 6.61 and 4.35 mmol g−1 were achieved at 0 and 25 °C, respectively, under 1 bar. More importantly, these biomass-based nitrogen-doped carbons possess various CO2 adsorption merits such as quick adsorption kinetics, high CO2/N2 selectivity, medium heat of adsorption, outstanding uninterrupted recyclability and good dynamic CO2 capture capacity. The present study provides an advanced protocol to design nitrogen-doped porous Carbon via a facile route toward the capture of CO2, which offers excellent progress in sustainable chemistry and engineering.

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering Virtual Special Issue on Sustainable Electrochemical Energy Technologies (Héctor D. Abruña Festschrift)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ARTICLES ASAPPREVEditorialNEXTACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering Virtual Special Issue on Sustainable Electrochemical Energy Technologies (Héctor D. Abruña Festschrift)Shaowei ChenShaowei ChenUniversity of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United StatesMore by Shaowei Chenhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3668-8551, Lin ZhuangLin ZhuangWuhan University, Wuhan, ChinaMore by Lin Zhuanghttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5642-6735, and Enrique HerreroEnrique HerreroUniversidad de Alicante, Alicante, SpainMore by Enrique Herrerohttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4509-9716Cite this: ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2023, XXXX, XXX, XXX-XXXPublication Date (Web):May 22, 2023Publication History Received17 May 2023Published online22 May 2023https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c02942Published 2023 by American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views-Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (644 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Catalysts,Electrodes,Hydrogen,Oxides,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts

Additive Manufacturing of Biodegradable Hemp-Reinforced Polybutylene Succinate (PBS) and Its Mechanical Characterization.

The additive manufacturing of natural fibre-reinforced polymers is a pivotal method in developing sustainable engineering solutions. Using the fused filament fabrication method, the current study investigates the additive manufacturing of hemp-reinforced polybutylene succinate (PBS) alongside its mechanical characterization. Two types of hemp reinforcement are considered: short fibres (max. length smaller than 2 mm) and long fibres (max. length smaller than 10 mm), which are compared against non-reinforced (pure) PBS. A detailed analysis is performed regarding the determination of suitable 3D printing parameters (overlap, temperature, nozzle diameter). In a comprehensive experimental study, additionally to general analyses regarding the influence of hemp reinforcement on the mechanical behaviour, the effect of printing parameters is determined and discussed. Introducing an overlap in the additive manufacturing of the specimens results in improved mechanical performance. The study highlights that the Young's modulus of PBS can be improved by 63% by introducing hemp fibres in conjunction with overlap. In contrast, hemp fibre reinforcement reduces the tensile strength of PBS, while this effect is less pronounced considering overlap in the additive manufacturing process.