Sustainable Competitive Advantage Research Articles

Evaluation and Prediction of Sustained Competitive Advantage of Baijiu Enterprises Based on Entropy Weight-TOPSIS and INGO-BP Neural Network

In-depth scrutiny of the sustained competitive advantage within the liquor industry is paramount for facilitating a comprehensive understanding of market positions, benefiting both enterprises and investors. This study addresses the limitations of the current model, characterized by fewer evaluation indices and incomplete data, leading to lower assessment efficiency. To enhance the objective and effective evaluation of sustained competitive advantage, financial indicators (development ability, profitability, solvency, operating ability, and cash flow) are integrated, alongside non-financial indicators (brand value, environment, and social responsibility), forming a systematic approach for assessing listed liquor companies. Authentic data is sourced from official information disclosure websites. Utilizing the sliding average of each index enhances the reflection of the sustained development advantage of enterprises. The study employs the entropy value method to calculate weighted indicators, followed by the TOPSIS method for a comprehensive evaluation of sustained competitive advantage. The obtained evaluation values are used as a priori samples for the prediction model. An INGO-BP neural network prediction model is proposed in this study. This model, optimized with a sinusoidal algorithm for the exploratory phase of the Northern Goshawk Algorithm (NGO), incorporates a nonlinear reduction strategy to expedite the convergence of the Northern Goshawk. A spiral perturbation stage is added to prevent the NGO algorithm from entering local minima. The improved NGO algorithm (INGO) is employed for BP neural network parameter optimization. Simulation experiments reveal a significant enhancement in the performance of the INGO algorithm. In empirical analysis, a comparative assessment with other models demonstrates that the evaluation and prediction model in this study more accurately reflects the sustained competitive advantage of liquor enterprises, yielding predictions of higher accuracy and enhanced stability in performance.

A Study on Brand Management in Retail: Building and Sustaining Competitive Advantage

In the retail industry, brand management is an extremely important factor in building and preserving a competitive edge within the industry. Due to the fact that the retail industry is characterized by fierce rivalry and frequently changing consumer tastes, it is necessary to have good brand management in order to construct and maintain a competitive advantage. It is possible that traditional methods of brand positioning, differentiation, and communication will not be sufficient to adequately grab and maintain market share in the retail landscape of today, which is marked by intense competition. Within the context of a market landscape that is always shifting, this study investigates the tactics that retail brands take in order to construct and maintain their competitive edge. This research focuses on the numerous aspects of brand management, such as brand positioning, brand differentiation, brand communication, and brand loyalty. It does so by drawing on previous research that has been conducted on the subject. The purpose of this study is to give a beneficial addition to scholars alike by evaluating successful retail brands and their approaches to brand management. Also, the study intends to contribute to a deeper knowledge of the dynamics of brand management in the retail sector.

Entrepreneurial bricolage and entrepreneurial performance: The role of business model innovation and market orientation

Newly established enterprises in China face significant challenges and opportunities, with persistently high mortality rates. Navigating market challenges and establishing sustainable competitive advantages are pressing issues for contemporary businesses. This study delves into the bridging role of business model innovation between entrepreneurial bricolage and entrepreneurial performance, with market orientation influencing the relationship boundaries. We examined 288 Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises, investigating the relationships among entrepreneurial bricolage, business model innovation, market orientation, and entrepreneurial performance. Empirical results indicate: (1) Entrepreneurial bricolage positively influences business model innovation, and business model innovation positively impacts entrepreneurial performance. (2) Business model innovation plays a fully mediating positive role between entrepreneurial bricolage and entrepreneurial performance. (3) Market orientation positively moderates the impact of entrepreneurial bricolage on business model innovation and entrepreneurial performance, and it also positively moderates the impact of business model innovation on entrepreneurial performance. (4) Market orientation positively moderates the impact of entrepreneurial bricolage, mediated by business model innovation, on entrepreneurial performance. The study results contribute to a more effective understanding of the mechanisms through which entrepreneurial bricolage and business model innovation influence entrepreneurial performance, as well as how market orientation moderates their relationships and how enterprises sustain competitive advantages.

Strategic analysis of mining and metallurgical companies: consideration of socio-environmental factors

The strategic development of mining and metallurgical companies is currently largely related to the development of social policy and maintaining high responsibility of the business towards its employees and ecosystems. The strategic goals of companies should be aimed at the environmental modernization of production, ensuring, among other things, the reduction of emissions of harmful substances and greenhouse gases. The development of low-carbon technologies, compliance with modern environmental requirements, and the achievement of a high level of social responsibility are both areas of strategic development and opportunities for the formation of new competitive advantages. The purpose of the work is to adapt the methods of strategic analysis to modern environmental and social trends to set the current strategic goals of mining and metallurgical companies in terms of increasing attention to the social responsibility of business and the implementation of green production and low-carbon development. The study substantiates the increasing role of environmental and social factors of sustainable development in the activities of mining and metallurgical companies. Using MMC Norilsk Nickel as an example, the main environmental-oriented areas of the company’s development are identified, and the issues of social policy are also reflected. An algorithm of strategic analysis for the specifics of mining and metallurgical companies is proposed, suggesting the use of classical methods of strategic analysis and goal setting with the use of VRIO-analysis methodology, which in turn will allow to identify sustainable competitive advantages associated with the achievement of environmental and climatic objectives and increased social responsibility.

The Influence of Strategic Entrepreneurship on Competitive Advantage in CV Mutiara

Technological change, dynamic global markets, and intense competition characterize the current business era. The development of Strategic Entrepreneurship highlights the evolution of business and entrepreneurship theories, shifting the paradigm from focusing only on the creation of new businesses towards the integration of entrepreneurship into existing business strategies. This study aims to analyze the impact and contribution of Strategic Entrepreneurship to the sustainability of competitive advantage in modern businesses faced with dynamic market challenges. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. This research uses CV Mutiara as a concrete case study. The results show that the implementation of Strategic Entrepreneurship has a significant positive impact on organizational adaptation and sustainability in a constantly changing business environment. By focusing not only on new venture creation but also on long-term strategic planning, organizations can achieve sustainable competitive advantage. CV Mutiara applies the principles of Strategic Entrepreneurship, including innovative strategy development, external collaboration, and enhancing internal innovation capabilities.

Digital Disruption: Landscape of E-Business for Competitive Advantage

The purpose of this study is to examine the intricate interplay between digital disruption and e-business, with a focus on the transformative impact of emerging technologies on competitive dynamics and market structures. The research design and methodology involve a comprehensive review of the literature, drawing insights from academic articles, reports, and scholarly publications to analyze the implications of digital disruption for e-business strategies and practices. The findings and discussion underscore the strategic significance of adopting a customer-centric approach and embracing technological innovation to drive sustainable competitive advantage in the digital era. Key insights include the paramount importance of prioritizing customer experience (CX) optimization initiatives, leveraging emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain, and fostering organizational agility to navigate market disruptions and capitalize on emerging opportunities. The implications of this study extend to both academic and practical contexts, offering valuable insights for academics and practitioners alike. By prioritizing CX optimization, investing in emerging technologies, and cultivating a culture of innovation, e-businesses can position themselves for sustainable growth and competitiveness in the dynamic digital landscape.

FEATURES OF DEVELOPING A DIGITAL MARKETING STRATEGY IN AN ELECTRONIC BUSINESS ORGANIZATION

This article analyzes the fundamental aspects of constructing a digital marketing strategy in organizations focused on electronic business. The impact of contemporary trends and challenges in electronic business on the strategic thinking of enterprises is described, particularly in the context of rapid technological changes and increased competition. The author explores key aspects of digital marketing strategy, defining their role in achieving success in electronic business. Specifically, the transition from traditional marketing methods to the use of online tools and internet platforms is examined. Special attention is given to creating an effective company image in the online environment and developing strategies aimed at building consumer trust. Proposed practical recommendations focus on improving segmentation, integrating electronic marketing, and creating personalized marketing messages for effective interaction with digital consumers. Proper construction of a digital marketing strategy enables the efficient utilization of digital marketing tools and internet platforms to enhance interaction, attract new customers, and retain existing ones. The overall goal is to improve the efficiency of marketing strategies, ensure high customer satisfaction, and increase the profitability of electronic business. This information can be utilized by top management, marketing departments, and electronic business specialists for the development and enhancement of marketing strategies. The emphasis is placed on the fact that an effective digital marketing strategy is a key success factor for organizations operating in the electronic business sector, highlighting the importance of continual adaptation to changes in the online environment to secure a sustainable competitive advantage through the use of personalized approaches and innovations.

Formulation of Telkomproperty's Strategy in Realizing an Outstanding Property Company

In facing competition and environmental changes, TelkomProperty needs to formulate a strategy by identifying internal resources and external conditions in an effort to achieve a competitive advantage. These factors can facilitate the formulation of strategies that can develop TelkomProperty's business. The formulated strategies should also be aligned with the components of Corporate Real Estate Management (CREM). To achieve these goals, the methods used include observation, literature study of relevant theories, and interviews with related informants. The data obtained are analyzed and strategies are formulated with external analysis using PEST analysis (Political, Economic, Social, and Technological). Then, internal analysis is conducted using the Resource-Based View approach and VRIO analysis. The results of the research indicate that TelkomProperty has 3 opportunities and 5 threats with an EFE matrix score of 2.54. TelkomProperty has 13 strengths and 9 weaknesses with an IFE matrix score of 2.84. From the VRIO analysis, TelkomProperty's internal strengths include 4 strengths that fall into the category of sustained competitive advantage. Based on the IE matrix and SWOT analysis, 6 alternative strategies were identified. The best alternative strategy was then determined using QSPM. The chosen strategy is to integrate the Internet of Things into the MyBirawa and MyDEFA applications to enhance the modern experience for customers, making it a distinctive feature of TelkomProperty with the highest STAS value of 3.32.

FEATURES OF DEVELOPING A DIGITAL MARKETING STRATEGY IN AN ELECTRONIC BUSINESS ORGANIZATION

This article analyzes the fundamental aspects of constructing a digital marketing strategy in organizations focused on electronic business. The impact of contemporary trends and challenges in electronic business on the strategic thinking of enterprises is described, particularly in the context of rapid technological changes and increased competition. The author explores key aspects of digital marketing strategy, defining their role in achieving success in electronic business. Specifically, the transition from traditional marketing methods to the use of online tools and internet platforms is examined. Special attention is given to creating an effective company image in the online environment and developing strategies aimed at building consumer trust. Proposed practical recommendations focus on improving segmentation, integrating electronic marketing, and creating personalized marketing messages for effective interaction with digital consumers. Proper construction of a digital marketing strategy enables the efficient utilization of digital marketing tools and internet platforms to enhance interaction, attract new customers, and retain existing ones. The overall goal is to improve the efficiency of marketing strategies, ensure high customer satisfaction, and increase the profitability of electronic business. This information can be utilized by top management, marketing departments, and electronic business specialists for the development and enhancement of marketing strategies. The emphasis is placed on the fact that an effective digital marketing strategy is a key success factor for organizations operating in the electronic business sector, highlighting the importance of continual adaptation to changes in the online environment to secure a sustainable competitive advantage through the use of personalized approaches and innovations.

Knowledge-enhancing HR practices and sustainable competitive advantage: the mediating role of intellectual capital in knowledge-based firms

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between knowledge-enhancing HR practices, intellectual capital and sustainable competitive advantage in knowledge-based firms.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative approach was used to conduct the present study. The respondents were sampled from knowledge-based firms in Iran. Overall, 320 managers in 157 firms were selected using convenience sampling. A structural equation model was employed for testing the hypotheses.FindingsThe study confirmed that knowledge-enhancing human resource (HR) practices established a very strong connection with intellectual capital. The results further disclosed a positive relationship between intellectual capital and firms' competitive advantage. A mediated relationship between knowledge-enhancing HR practices and firms' competitive advantage through intellectual capital was also affirmed.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was conducted in knowledge-based firms in Iran, which limits the generalizability of the research findings. Therefore, future studies should be carried out with samples from other contexts. Moreover, as the study was cross-sectional, the causal relationships could not be inferred directly.Practical implicationsThe paper underscored the importance of intellectual capital in improving knowledge-enhancing HR practices and firms' competitive advantage. It suggests to human resource managers to make the organizational arrangements to design knowledge-enhancing HR practices, thereby developing the intellectual capital that brings competitive advantage to knowledge-based firms.Originality/valueThe results of this study contribute to advance research on the intellectual capital literature by trying to explain how intellectual capital as a mediator variable can influence the relationship between knowledge-enhancing HR practices and sustainable competitive advantage.

The Impact of Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction at 5-Star Hotels in Central Jakarta

The challenges faced by the hospitality industry differ from those encountered by organizations producing tangible products, primarily due to the distinct nature of services compared to products. In the service industry, the risk of failure is higher than in product sales, and service quality has emerged as a critical factor in the pursuit of sustainable competitive advantage. Ensuring customer satisfaction and retention is recognized as pivotal within the hospitality sector, where meeting evolving consumer demands is an ongoing challenge. In the hospitality industry, consumers not only participate in the consumption process but often come with predetermined service and quality expectations. Today's hospitality industry customers are more discerning, and exhibit higher expectations. The primary objective of this study is to elucidate the impact of service quality on customer satisfaction, specifically within the context of hotels, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of the data to identify which service quality dimensions have the greatest and least impact, as well as to understand the nature of their influence. This research uses a quantitative method for analysis, with a non-probability sampling approach to collect and gather data from 190 participants. This research findings reveal a positive correlation between five service quality dimensions (empathy, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and tangibility) and customer satisfaction. The analysis of respondent feedback reveals that the service quality dimension in 5-Star Hotels in Central Jakarta exerting the most significant impact on customer satisfaction is empathy. Data collection in this research utilized a Likert scale questionnaire, and analysis was conducted using SmartPLS 4.0.

Enterprise strategy and competitive advantage

This paper delves into the intricate relationship between corporate strategy and competitive advantage. It elucidates the foundational theories of both concepts, explores the various influences shaping corporate strategies, and investigates the sources and drivers of sustained competitive advantage. Additionally, the study examines the issues prevalent in strategic management and underscores the importance of aligning corporate culture with strategy to foster a competitive edge. Through an analytical approach, the paper categorizes corporate strategy schools of thought by their perspective on competitive advantage and asserts that the core subject of corporate strategy theory is the attainment and maintenance of competitive advantage. The findings reveal that challenges in strategy formulation and execution, along with a disregard for the dynamic business context, often result in strategic shortcomings. The construction of a corporate culture that is deeply integrated with strategy is proposed as a key driver for continuous competitive advantage.

Revealing the power play: Unraveling the dynamic environment's influence on intangible resources and sustainable competitive advantage

Purpose – The objective of this study is to examine the impact of the dynamic environment on the relationship between intangible resources and sustainable competitive advantage in large and medium-sized manufacturing firms operating across various sectors.Design/methodology/approach – The research sample was selected using cluster random sampling, which is based on company size, namely large and medium-sized companies only, totalling 257 companies as the unit of analysis. A questionnaire was utilized to collect data. While the study employed residual technique and the Hayes (2012) method for variable assessment, the primary method used was a causal analysis.Findings – The findings indicate that the dynamic environment does not act as a moderating variable, implying that the sustainability of the organization is unaffected by the firm’s dynamic environment.Research limitations/implications – Research findings can play a pivotal role in corporate strategy, enabling companies to reach a sustainable competitive advantage by closely monitoring environmental changes. Practical implications – This research can assist companies in developing business strategies that are more adaptive to environmental changes, enabling them to actively monitor and identify emerging opportunities and threats. By doing so, companies can take appropriate steps to maintain their competitive advantage.Originality/value – Previous researchers have rarely conducted this research, primarily due to a lack of understanding on how to effectively connect dynamic environments with intangible resources in order to achieve sustainable competitive advantage.

The Level of Sustainability to Operate a Franchised Food Outlet in South Africa: A Fast Food Industry Case

This study aimed to determine the sustainability of operate a franchise in the fast-food industry and operating an outlet of a particular brand. It will also close the literature gap by empirically investigating the influence of various factors on the growth of franchised fast-food outlets and the sustainability of the business operating model. The study used a sequential explan-atory mixed method design. The main finding of the study was that level of success of SMEs in operating a franchised food outlet in South Africa is generally low and operating a franchised food outlet in South Africa is not a guarantee that the business will have a sustainable competitive advantage.

Retracted: The Influence of Core Technology Capability of High-Tech Industry on Sustainable Competitive Advantage

Retracted: The Influence of Core Technology Capability of High-Tech Industry on Sustainable Competitive Advantage

Strategic Organizational Learning Capability and Sustainable Competitive Advantage of Seed Companies in Kenya

The strategic capabilities and the sustainable competitive advantage have remained a central locus of academic discourse, though their comprehensive examination within the developing world, particularly in Kenya, in the area of seed industry has been noticeably limited. The objective of this study was to look into the influence of strategic organizational learning capability on the sustainable competitive advantage of seed companies in Kenya. The theories that supported the study were: organizational learning theory and dynamic capability theory. The research adopted a positivist approach because the role of the researcher was limited to data collection and interpretation in a manner which was observable and verifiable. The research used cross-sectional and descriptive designs where qualitative data was collected through reviewing of company manuals. A questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from 76 private seed firms in Kenya, using stratified sampling technique, with 280 respondents from top management, finance, operations, and information communication technology departments. Data acquired through the administration of questionnaires was analyzed utilizing multiple regression analysis, and a rigorous assessment of hypotheses. The investigation yielded an array of insightful findings, notably, strategic organizational learning capability emerged as a pivotal determinant, displaying a robust and statistically significant positive relationship. The study concluded that strategic organizational learning capability indeed had a significant influence on the sustainable competitive advantage of seed companies in Kenya. The study stresses the importance of investing in and strengthening strategic organizational learning capability. Seed companies should therefore foster a culture of continuous learning, measure and assess learning outcomes, and promote sustainable competitive advantage.

Leveraging Local Value in a Post-Smart Tourism Village to Encourage Sustainable Tourism

Post-Smart Tourism Destinations (PSTD) need a sense-of-place approach based on uniqueness and thematic differentiation to deliver authentic and valuable experiences. Information and communication technology (ICT), digital technology adoption, sustainable development, community empowerment and local wisdom, and destination uniqueness are keywords that will be further explored in the development of tourism villages in Kenderan as the most important tourism destination development at the village level. The development of smart tourism, proof of the disruption of digital technology in the tourism sector, has become the objective of almost every tourism destination in the world today, be it an urban or rural area. Since its initial emergence, the smart concept in tourism development has evolved. In the beginning, it focused on ICT and the adoption of digital technology. Along with the pressure of the global requirement to apply sustainable development, the focus of smart tourism later included sustainability in the application of smart technology, which made smart tourism development (STD) become smart and sustainable tourism development (SSTD). The post-smart tourism concept arose because many critics suggested that destinations tend to place too much focus on technology adoption and lack attention to local wisdom, inclusivity, and local indigenous aspects of destination development. Applied research implemented mixed methods in the form of qualitative research through expert judgment and quantitative research through structural equation modeling analysis. The results of this research show that creative events for the local aspects of a tourist village, digital competence, and sustainability practice are the building blocks for a post-smart tourism village, while digital competence and sustainable practice have a significant mediating effect of locality on post-smart tourism villages. To ensure a tourism village possesses sustainable competitive advantages, the village must explore and promote its locality aspects to differentiate itself as a tourist village by identifying its valuable, rare, inimitable, and non-substitutable tourism resources. The implication of this research is that to develop wise and distinctive smart tourism destinations, tourist villages should explore their local values and resources, embed them into their basic components and core resources of tourism, and co-create, distribute, deliver, and promote them to the global market through technology adoption and global sustainability value.

Influence of Strategic Human Resource Capability on the Sustainable Competitive Advantage of Seed Companies in Kenya

The objective of this study was to look into the influence of strategic capabilities on the sustainable competitive advantage of seed companies in Kenya. The theories that supported the study were: Human Capital Theory and Competitive Advantage Theory. The research adopted a positivist approach because the role of the researcher was limited to data collection and interpretation in a manner which was observable and verifiable. The research used cross-sectional and descriptive where qualitative data was collected through reviewing of company manuals. A questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from 76 private seed firms in Kenya, using stratified sampling technique, with 280 respondents from top management, finance, operations, and information communication technology departments. Strategic human resource capability was found to be positively related to sustainable competitive advantage (R= 0.356, p<0.05; β= 0.34542, p<0.05). Changes in sustainable competitive advantage among seed companies could be accounted for by strategic human resource capability for up to 12 percent. In conclusion, strategic human resource capabilities had a significant influence on the sustainable competitive advantage of seed companies in Kenya. This conclusion was supported by the study models’ statistics that indicated that strategic human resource capabilities influenced sustainable competitive advantage among seed companies in Kenya. Seed companies should foster a culture of continuous learning by the staff, job rotations and promote knowledge transfer. Skills identification and recruitment from the industry will promote the use of technology and benchmarking with industry best practices are encouraged to enhance organization strategic human resource capabilities.

Evaluation of strategic orientation-led competitive advantage: the role of knowledge integration and service innovation

PurposeThis paper aims to derive a model that explores how the interplay between knowledge integration capability and innovation impacts strategic orientation, leading to the attainment of sustainable competitive advantage. The study considers the constituents of strategic orientation, namely, customer orientation, competitor orientation and technology orientation, as the basis for achieving sustainable competitive advantage. The study suggests that the firm’s capacity for integrating external and internal knowledge shapes how strategic orientation influences sustainable competitive advantage through service innovation.Design/methodology/approachThis empirical research relies on qualitative and quantitative data gathered from telecom professionals to assess how knowledge integration and service innovation influence sustained competitive advantage. Structured equation modeling is used to examine the model and its interrelationships.FindingsThe research establishes significant relationships between strategic orientations, knowledge integration capability, service innovation and sustainable competitive advantage. Knowledge integration capability and service innovation are found to mediate the relationship between strategic orientations and the achievement of sustainable competitive advantage.Practical implicationsThe study highlights the significant contribution of a firm’s knowledge integration capability in driving service innovation, especially in technology-intensive service industries facing hypercompetition. It also advocates prioritizing technology orientation and integrating knowledge from internal and external sources for competitive advantage.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to model the effect of knowledge integration capability and service innovation on strategic orientation-led sustainable competitive advantage.

Eco-Innovation, Reducing Carbon Emission and its Impact on Firm Performance (Case Study in Pt Semen Indonesia)

Objective: This research was conducted at PT Semen Indonesia Gresik aims to determine the extent of the application of eco-innovation in the company and the extent of the role of management in implementing eco-innovation. This study wants to find out whether the application of eco-innovation carried out at PT Semen Indonesia is able to reduce carbon emissions which is the government's commitment to reduce carbon emissions to the level of 29% by the end 2030. Theoritical Framework: The impact of environmental degradation and environmental externalities becomes a concentration of attention on social issues that encourage companies to pay attention to their business practices and find solutions to the impacts the environment it causes. Resource-Based View Theory (RBV) is a managerial framework used to define strategic resources with the potential to provide a comparative advantage to company. These resources can be leveraged by companies to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Innovation theory addresses a number of innovation policies and measurement issues such as why companies innovate, what forces drive innovation and what factors hinder it. Related issues are the internal functioning of the company and the types of business practices used to promote innovation. Method: This research uses a qualitative approach inspired by research of Horbach (2008) and Triguero et al. (2013), which proposes three types of eco-innovation: eco-process, eco-product, and eco-innovation organization, but in this study using four types of eco- Innovations as listed in the Oslo manual developed by the Organization for Economic and Cooperative Development (OECD) are: eco-innovation organizations, eco-innovation products, eco-process innovation, and eco-marketing innovation. Data collection techniques carried out in this study include interviews, observations, documentation studies on emission reports and sustainability reports. The data were analyzed by case study research process stated by Creswel (2007). Findings: PT Semen Indonesia has implemented various programs in the context of efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, namely through several programs, namely: (1) Diversification of blended cement products use of clinker which will reduce the emission of CO2 gas (carbondioxide) produced; (2) Utilization of alternative fuels using biomass products, also processing municipal waste into alternative fuel at the Ngipik Gresik landfill; (3) Utilization of flue heat gas operations as power plants which has been implemented at the Tuban plant and is able to reduce CO2 by 130,000 tons per year; (4) Upgrade/Improve equipment (high efficiency tech) Implications: This research has implications that the application of eco-innovation will be able to reduce carbon emissions, which is the Indonesian Government's commitment to reduce carbon emissions by the end of 2030.