Sustainability Standards Research Articles

Is greater connectivity of financial and non-financial information in annual reports valued by market participants?

The establishment of the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB), and the endorsement by the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) foundation of the principles underlying the Integrated Reporting (IR) Framework, attest to a regulatory intent to develop a disclosure framework better connecting sustainability-related financial disclosures with financial disclosures. Strategic Reporting (SR), effective in the United Kingdom (U.K.) since 2013, is a prime example of such a framework. Utilizing proprietary data from PwC U.K., we find higher SR disclosure quality is associated with higher liquidity, lower cost of capital, and more accurate, less dispersed analysts’ forecasts. We then hypothesize and compare these impacts with the capital market effects of disclosure quality under the reporting framework preceding SR. We find that the effects of higher liquidity and lower cost of capital are more pronounced under SR, suggesting that SR, as a mandated, more connected reporting framework, enables more effective capital market communication. We also find that the incremental capital market benefits are more significant for entities with higher exposure to the change, better sustainability performance and higher organizational complexity. For regulators and standard setters, these findings indicate that their emphasis on greater connectivity of financial and non-financial information is valued by market participants.

Workplace responsibility for employee mobility? A review of sustainability reporting frameworks

ABSTRACT Employers significantly influence employee travel habits through their policies and benefits, impacting workforce selection, equality of opportunities, and the environment. This study analyses what the fast-growing body of business sustainability standards and reporting frameworks (also known as Corporate Social Responsibility or Environment-Social-Governance (ESG) reporting) require from employers with respect to employee mobility. Analysing 29 leading frameworks using document analysis methods, our findings reveal that the majority (n = 19) do not address employee mobility in their reporting requirements. Among those that do (n = 10), their focus is notably limited, primarily centred on greenhouse gas emissions calculations. Only two frameworks emphasise employer responsibility for preventing transport injuries as part of workforce health and safety management. None of the frameworks mandate reporting on efforts to create an accessible workplace for all potential employees, regardless of abilities or car ownership. These results highlight a significant disparity between the limited expectations expressed in reporting frameworks and the far-reaching impacts of workplace mobility policies. We critique the GHG protocol's methodology concerning business travel and employee commuting on practical and normative grounds. We recommend that future reporting frameworks adopt broader requirements for employer transport policies, in the expectation that higher standards will trigger greener and more inclusive employer policies.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Development in the Indian Dairy Sector: A Comprehensive Analysis

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and sustainable development within the Indian dairy sector. As the world's largest producer of milk, India's dairy industry plays a crucial role in the nation's economy and socio-economic fabric, impacting millions of rural livelihoods. “This study examines the current state of CSR activities in the sector, evaluating their alignment with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Through a detailed review of literature, analysis of CSR reports, and case studies of leading dairy companies such as Amul and Mother Dairy, the paper identifies best practices, gaps, and areas for improvement. The findings reveal that while significant efforts are being made towards community development and environmental sustainability, there is considerable scope for enhancing the effectiveness and reach of these initiatives. The paper proposes a robust framework for improving CSR and sustainability practices, focusing on strategic CSR planning, stakeholder engagement, sustainable farming techniques, and rigorous monitoring and evaluation. Recommendations include policy changes to support sustainable practices, increased stakeholder involvement, and the adoption of innovative technologies. This study aims to provide dairy companies, policymakers, and other stakeholders with actionable insights and practical guidelines to foster a more sustainable and socially responsible dairy sector in India”. The proposed framework and recommendations are designed to help align industry practices with global sustainability standards, ensuring long-term benefits for the environment, society, and the economy.

Green supply chain management and firm sustainable performance: unlocking the role of transactional and transformational leadership in firm sustainable operations

AbstractCompanies are adopting innovative and environmentally friendly methods and technologies to mitigate the adverse effects of their products and services on the natural environment. Various internal and external factors influence a company’s ability to comply with such sustainability standards. This study specifically examines the connection between a company’s sustainable supply chain operations and a crucial internal factor, namely leadership. It focuses on comparing and contrasting the impacts of transformational and transactional leadership on green supply chain management (GSCM) and the overall sustainable performance of the company. Using a quantitative approach, the author conducted surveys among employees and managers and utilized structural equation modeling to analyze the model. The findings indicate that transformational leadership significantly impacts GSCM practices and sustainable organizational performance (OSP). However, the association between transactional leadership and GSCM is relatively weak. Additionally, it is observed that GSCM positively contributes to OSP. The results emphasize the importance of upper-level management involvement in green initiatives, particularly GSCM, to enhance the company’s environmental performance and ensure its long-term sustainability.

The construction of the normative persuasion of social and environmental reporting regulation

PurposeThis study aims to understand why some social and environmental reporting (SER) regulations are more successful than others in modifying collective corporate reporting behaviour and expectations. More specifically, it presents a qualitative and historically informed exploration of the construction of the enabling conditions for corporate adoption of SER regulation in a national context.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on insights from structuration theory and the sociological approach to legal studies, the authors examined the normative persuasion of the first regulation in Spain requiring firms to disclose social and environmental information in a stand-alone report: Article 39 of the Spanish Sustainable Economy Law. The case study is based primarily on 38 semi-structured interviews with relevant actors involved in this SER regulation from 2008 to 2014. Other sources such as legal and policy documents, historical documents, books, press reports and field notes from attendance at technical meetings related to the phenomenon under study help inform and complement the analysis of the interviews.FindingsThe analysis reveals that the agency of regulators, regulatees and other relevant actors involved in the SER regulation led to the law becoming a dead letter. However, only by examining the structural circumstances, shaped by history and socio-economic context, can the authors understand how the normative persuasion of law is constructed or undermined.Research limitations/implicationsThe study underscores the importance of the national context in developing corporate social responsibility (CSR) regulation and the crucial role of history. The results of this research also suggest that significant progress towards a more transformative CSR regulation cannot be achieved without the support of enabling structures/Practical implicationsRecent SER regulations (European Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive and IFRS sustainability standards, to mention those that are gaining most traction) may not achieve sufficient compliance if those responsible for drafting them do not ensure that the conditions for the emergence of regulatory persuasion are met. Regulators must therefore have a profound understanding of how these conditions are constructed as part of a historical process inextricably linked to the social structures of the environment in which the law is to be applied.Social implicationsThe study reveals the changing landscape of corporate social responsibility, where scientists, academics, NGO activists and civil society organisations struggle to gain some agency in a field populated by actors, such as trade unions or employers, who were constitutive of Western industrial liberal democracies.Originality/valueThis study presents an in-depth and historically grounded analysis of the dynamics involved in creating the conditions that lead to successful SER legislation in a national context.

CUTTING-EDGE BIOFUEL TECHNOLOGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY

Researchers focus on finding Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and green energy for a sustainable future owing to ecological sustainability standards, growing power demands, depletion of traditional energy resources, and ecological damage caused by global warming and climate change. Bioenergy is a very viable option as it may be used for various energy needs via appropriate conversion methods. This analysis focuses on the promise and problems of producing biofuels using different feedstocks and advancements in process technology. The use of biofuels, such as biodiesel, ethanol, bio-oil, syngas, Fischer-Tropsch Hydrogen, and methane (CH4), generated from agricultural crop left-overs, micro- and macroalgae, and other biological waste via thermo-bio-chemical procedures, has been determined to be an environmentally beneficial option for energy production. Developing and implementing biofuels in industry and transportation significantly reduces reliance on petroleum and coal. The literature study indicated that biofuels derived from crops and microalgae have the potential to be the most effective and appealing method. The area of biofuels has made significant advancements via genetic engineering, which has opened up new possibilities for large-scale production for commercial use. However, the process of producing biofuels on a big scale remains difficult. Therefore, it is crucial to address this issue by converting biomass into biofuels using innovative technology to meet present and future energy demands.

CUTTING-EDGE BIOFUEL TECHNOLOGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY

Researchers focus on finding Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and green energy for a sustainable future owing to ecological sustainability standards, growing power demands, depletion of traditional energy resources, and ecological damage caused by global warming and climate change. Bioenergy is a very viable option as it may be used for various energy needs via appropriate conversion methods. This analysis focuses on the promise and problems of producing biofuels using different feedstocks and advancements in process technology. The use of biofuels, such as biodiesel, ethanol, bio-oil, syngas, Fischer-Tropsch Hydrogen, and methane (CH4), generated from agricultural crop left-overs, micro- and macroalgae, and other biological waste via thermo-bio-chemical procedures, has been determined to be an environmentally beneficial option for energy production. Developing and implementing biofuels in industry and transportation significantly reduces reliance on petroleum and coal. The literature study indicated that biofuels derived from crops and microalgae have the potential to be the most effective and appealing method. The area of biofuels has made significant advancements via genetic engineering, which has opened up new possibilities for large-scale production for commercial use. However, the process of producing biofuels on a big scale remains difficult. Therefore, it is crucial to address this issue by converting biomass into biofuels using innovative technology to meet present and future energy demands.

Environment and blue tourism: Moving towards sustainability—6th maritime tourism observatory for Skyros Island

Ports are some of the most significant entry points for Greek tourism investments and can be characterized as “development tools” for the country, both at the local and national level. The blue economy is a recent example of economic development, globally promoted as a way to achieve sustainability in maritime and coastal areas. Linaria Port has been accredited by the United Nations as a “The blue port with a shade of green,” constituting an environmentally sustainable community capable of promoting responsible environmental behavior both within the local community and among tourists. The port has been highly competitive in achieving high sustainability standards and mainly operates in ways that complement environmental quality. It has presented innovative, competitive, and sustainable solutions since 2010. This research aimed to collect primary and secondary data on tourist preferences to evaluate these services. Evaluation was conducted through anonymous questionnaires divided into two parts: the first part concerned the tourist profile, and the second part concerned tourists’ opinions on the services and facilities of the Port and the island. In the evaluation of the port, 91% of respondents rated the marina positively compared to other ports in the country, while 77% ranked the port of Skyros in a good position compared to other European or international ports. The overall quality of the tourist product was positively evaluated at 89%, while 90% of visitors were generally satisfied with the overall services offered. Moreover, 95% would return to Skyros within the next years.

Russian Citizents’ Attitute Towards Private Property: Myths and Contradictions

The article analyzes the attitude of Russian citizens to the institution of private property. The author estimates the level of confidence and respect of people to this institution, perception of their property right protection and risks connected with property management. The empiric base of the research was formed by findings of the sociological survey conducted in 2023 among 542 respondents of different age groups. The data provided an opportunity to identify common features in perceiving the institution of private property by Russian citizens, their expectation concerning this institution in the long run. The research findings refuted a number of stereotypes formed in society concerning perception of private property by people, who demonstrated rather high level of confidence to the institution of private property and its inviolability. At the same time the majority of respondents today follow the saving model aimed at long-term accumulation and increasing their assets to ensure sustainable standard of life in the future.

Integrating sustainability factors into corporate financial reporting in the modern ESG agenda context. Part 1

Subject. This article discusses innovations and trends in the development of corporate reporting standardization within the framework of the IFRS Foundation project and the initiative of the European Financial Reporting Advisory Group. Objectives. The article aims to reveal the essence of the main innovations and characterize the prospects for improving corporate financial reporting in the context of the development of ESG Standards by the International Sustainability Standards Board of the IFRS Foundation and the Task Force of the European Sustainability Reporting Standards Project. Methods. For the study, I used analysis and synthesis, comparison, and generalization. Results. Based on an analysis of the ESG agenda modern realities, the article identifies prerequisites and trends in the development of corporate reporting standardization in relation to the integration of sustainable development factors into financial reporting, and determines the impact of innovations of the two systems of sustainability reporting standards being developed on the informative and analytical value of corporate reporting. Conclusions and Relevance. The need to overcome the limitations and shortcomings of the GRI standards predetermined the development of two new systems of standards in the context of the ESG agenda modern realities. The International Sustainability Standards Board of the IFRS Foundation is developing standards designed to become a global framework for the disclosure of information on sustainable development, focused on the needs of investors and financial markets. The European Financial Reporting Advisory Group is developing European Sustainability Reporting Standards, which should cover a wide range of topics to meet the information needs of various stakeholders. New systems of ESG reporting standards are aimed at generating complete, coherent, comparable and verifiable information in the field of sustainable development. The research results obtained will contribute to the further promotion of sustainability reporting, improve corporate financial reporting practices by incorporating the impact of sustainability issues on value creation, and enhance stakeholder awareness and decision-making in a comprehensive and ESG-informed manner.

Carrots rather than sticks: Governance of voluntary sustainability standards and farmer welfare in Peru

AbstractAligned with the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, voluntary sustainability standards (VSS) have gained prominence as market‐based tools for sustainability governance. However, whether VSS improve economic sustainability remains subject to vigorous debate. A major limitation of the evidence base is that it does not systematically examine which VSS design attributes affect their impact. In this study, we develop a conceptual framework disentangling three main governance mechanisms through which VSS may affect farmer welfare, which we operationalize using secondary data from a nationally representative farm household survey in Peru. Our results underscore the dominant role of market‐based incentives, followed by capacity‐building, while rule enforcement with good agricultural practices has no effect on farm revenue. Additionally, organizational membership is found to amplify the revenue effects of VSS through market‐based incentives. Our findings advocate VSS organizations to strengthen market‐based incentives and capacity‐building, while improving standard setting and enforcement to effectively improve economic sustainability.

The International Sustainability Standards Board’s (ISSB) past, present, and future: critical reflections and a research agenda

Purpose This paper aims to critically reflect on the formation of the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB), its current agenda and likely future direction. The authors consider the relationships between the ISSB and other standard setters, regulators, practitioners and stakeholders, and develop a comprehensive research agenda. Design/methodology/approach The authors review and critically analyse academic and practitioner publications alongside the ISSB’s workplans to identify the themes impacting the future of the ISSB and to develop a research agenda. Findings Three key themes emerge from the authors’ analysis that are likely to influence the future of the ISSB: the jurisdiction and scope of the ISSB – how far its influence is likely to extend, both geographically and conceptually; the ongoing legitimacy challenge the ISSB is facing in terms of setting an agenda for sustainability reporting; and the “capture” of sustainability reporting by influential stakeholders including capital providers. Originality/value The formation of the ISSB is critical to the future of sustainability reporting. The authors provide a comprehensive and topical overview of the past, present and potential future of the ISSB, highlighting the need for further research and providing a research agenda that addresses outstanding questions in the field.

Exploring the Aesthetic and Functional Aspects of Recycled Furniture in Promoting Sustainable Development: An Applied Approach for Interior Design Students

This study aimed to explore the sustainable aesthetic and functional dimensions of environmental waste in the context of interior design applications by students. Employing both descriptive and applied methodologies, a series of artistic works derived from environmental waste, specifically metal and wood, were conceptualized and executed by art education students. These works, totaling 11 artistic models in interior design, underwent chemical treatment as part of the process. An evaluation card, assessed by arbitrators, was utilized to gauge the standards of aesthetic and functional sustainability inherent in the artworks. Technical data were collected and subsequently analyzed using SPSS software, which facilitated the calculation of arithmetic averages, standard deviations, and t-tests to ascertain the extent to which sustainability standards were met within the aesthetic and functional dimensions of the works. The study findings indicated that the average response scores for the aesthetic and functional dimensions, pertaining to the achievement of sustainability for wood and metal waste, were notably high. This underscores the potential of producing artful works suitable for interior design applications within the spaces of the College of Education. With an average score of 3.984, students exhibited positive engagement with the aesthetic and functional aspects of their artistic products, indicative of their considerable ethical significance. This augurs well for the feasibility of attaining sustainability through the recycling of wood and metal waste. Furthermore, this research underscores the necessity of integrating aesthetic, environmental, and social values in achieving sustainable aesthetic and functional environmental values within the interior design curriculum. This integration demands a comprehensive understanding of user expectations, technological advancements, and the cultural background, customs, and traditions of both users and society at large.

Voluntary sustainability standards to cope with the new European Union regulation on deforestation-free products: A gap analysis

The European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) has been recently adopted to fight deforestation and forest degradation associated with the trade of forest-risk commodities, including cattle, cocoa, coffee, oil palm, rubber, soya, and wood. Operators must exercise due diligence (i.e., information collection, risk assessment, and risk mitigation) to ensure these commodities and their products are deforestation-free and produced in accordance with relevant legislation. In recent decades, Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS) have been adopted in the private sector to promote sustainable and deforestation-free supply chains. The EUDR recognizes certification and other third-party verified schemes as supporting tools for risk assessment during the due diligence procedure. However, questions persist regarding the extent to which these schemes can assist operators in assessing compliance with the EUDR. This study addresses these concerns by developing an assessment framework to evaluate the suitability of VSS schemes in covering the due diligence requirements established in the EUDR. The assessment of five major agricultural and forestry VSS schemes against this framework revealed both potentialities and limitations in covering these requirements. Most of the indicators from the framework were at least partially covered. Nevertheless, the assessed schemes fell short in providing a comprehensive prohibition of deforestation and forest degradation. They also presented variable coverage of the relevant legislation outlined in the EUDR, as well as deficiencies in their systems to assure compliance with the standards. Overall, this study indicates that VSS schemes can be incorporated as elements of due diligence systems but are insufficient to demonstrate compliance with the EUDR.

A Comparative Study of Load Frequency Regulation for Multi-Area Interconnected Grids Using Integral Controller

The present paper provides an optimal design for load frequency control (LFC) in the interconnected power system. To obtain an adequate LFC response alongside shortening implementation time and minimizing costs, an integral (I) controller is used. A deep analysis of the I controller-based LFC is presented. At first, a two-area interconnected power system is used, and to enhance the LFC response, the I controller and frequency bias parameters are optimized using three novel optimization algorithms, which are the incomprehensible but intelligible-in-time logic algorithm (ILA), the coati optimization algorithm (COA), and the brown-bear optimization algorithm (BOA). Also, five well-known techniques, namely, particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA), simulated annealing (SA), pattern search (PS), and nonlinear programming (NP), are used. A new objective function utilizing the integral of squared error (ISE), settling time, settling-max, and settling-min of the dynamic response is used to increase the efficacy of estimating the parameters. The presented results in this paper showed that the optimized I controller outperforms the classic I controller. After considering a load change in one area by 18.75%, the optimized I controller achieved the lowest ISE values. ISE values were: 0.00582, 0.00179, 0.00176, 0.00178, 0.00321, 0.00304, 0.00179, 0.00185, and 0.00181, for classic I, PSO-I, GA-I, SA-I, PS-I, NP-I, ILA-I, COA-I, and BOA-I. Then, the proposed method is applied to a nonlinear two-area system, demonstrating that the proposed strategies can deal with nonlinearity. As the purpose of the hybrid power system is to create a robust energy infrastructure that adheres to sustainability standards, the proposed algorithms are analyzed in a three-area multi-source power system comprising renewable energy sources (RESs) such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT), a battery energy storage system (BESS), and an electric vehicle (EV).

Data Center Sustainability: Revisits and Outlooks

As energy-intensive entities, data centers are associated with significant environmental impacts, making their sustainability a subject of growing interest in recent years. In this article, we revisit data center sustainability and propose a forward-looking vision for improving data center sustainability. We argue that data center sustainability encompasses more than just energy efficiency and must be evaluated and optimized through a multi-faceted approach. To this end, we first present an overview of the sustainability metrics from five aspects. After that, we demonstrate the sustainability status of the latest data centers utilizing publicly available data center sustainability ratings. Furthermore, we examine the evolution of data center sustainability standards in Singapore to highlight several trending features. Based on the analysis, we identify several key elements of sustainable data centers. We then propose the Cognitive Digital Twin (CDT) architecture, which incorporates a digital twin engine for system-wide simulation and a decision engine for optimal control to improve data center sustainability. A case study is performed to optimize the chiller plant efficiency of a production data center in Singapore. The results demonstrate that the CDT can improve chiller plant energy efficiency by 5%, indicating around 140 metric tons of annual carbon emission savings.

MANAGERIAL ETHICS FOR TAX TRANSPARENCY: FINDINGS IN CHILEAN COMPANIES

Background: The OECD has reported that companies that represent 83% of the market capitalization in Latin America maintain the trend of disclosing information on sustainability, with Chilean companies ranking first for the 2021 period. Thus, these sustainability standards constitute positive aspects to consider for organizational ethical development, with the aim that ethics fulfills the function of being a first preventive barrier, especially in sensitive areas such as tax transparency. Objective: This study reveals the current trend on organizational ethical development in the tax field, based on interviews with the tax teams of 30 Chilean companies with the highest market capitalization published in the period 2021, allowing evidence of their ethical behavior in relation to good tax practices. Method: The methodology includes a sample of 51 interviews of people who make up the tax teams of 30 Chilean companies with the highest market capitalization, allowing differences between several groups of variables to be detected using the Chi square test. Results & Conclusion: The results show that despite the high commitment of the respondents to tax compliance and good practices in tax transparency, only 33% of them declare that they know the tax sustainability standards at an expert level, corresponding to the segment of people over 40 years of age and with a master's degree. Likewise, only 41% of those surveyed declare that they have participated in the disclosure of the company's tax strategies. On the other hand, the results confirm that although a high percentage of those surveyed believe that a robust organizational ethical strategy prevents and minimizes situations of tax avoidance or evasion, 63% of them estimate that it is still necessary for companies to continue advancing in higher quality standards of ethics in compliance with tax obligations.

AI-driven innovations in automation and urban management

This paper examines the transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) across diverse sectors, particularly focusing on industrial automation, smart homes, and intelligent cities. It delves into how AI-driven technologies enhance predictive maintenance, quality control, and supply chain optimization in industrial settings, contribute to energy management, security enhancement, and health monitoring in smart homes, and improve traffic management, waste management, and public safety in intelligent cities. Through detailed analyses and quantitative assessments, the study showcases the efficiency gains, cost reductions, and quality of life improvements facilitated by AI integration. It highlights the pivotal role of AI in addressing contemporary challenges and setting new standards for operational excellence, sustainability, and safety.

Improving Maraging Steel 350 Machinability via Wiper Insert-Enhanced Face Milling

Despite the prevalent application of 18% Ni maraging steel in critical sectors such as aerospace and automotive due to its unique characteristics, including high ductility, yield strength, and hardenability, its machining presents enormous challenges, categorizing it as a difficult-to-machine material. The cutting tool’s geometry is crucial in machining, significantly affecting chip formation, cutting forces, power consumption, and obtainable surface quality. In particular, wiper insert technology, characterized by its multi-radius design, offers an increased contact area compared to conventional inserts, potentially enhancing the quality of the machined surface. This study explores the effectiveness of wiper inserts in the face-milling of maraging steel 350, conducting a comparative analysis across three distinct machining setups. These setups vary by alternating the number of wiper and conventional inserts within the same cutter, thereby examining the influence of insert configuration on machining outcomes. The research employs a reliable and well-established statistical approach to evaluate how different variables, such as cutting speed and feed rate, affect surface quality, power consumption, and material removal rate (MRR). It also sheds light on the material removal mechanisms facilitated by each type of insert. The findings reveal that incorporating a higher number of wiper inserts significantly enhances the surface finish but concurrently increases power consumption. Thus, the study successfully identifies an optimal set of process parameters that attain a balance between achieving superior surface quality and maintaining energy efficiency in the machining of maraging steel 350. This balance is crucial for optimizing manufacturing processes while adhering to the stringent quality and sustainability standards required in aerospace and automotive manufacturing.

Integrated optimization of production planning and electric trucks charging and discharging scheduling

The majority of supply chains in any manufacturing industry rely on heavy trucks for their flow of material from suppliers to end-users. Transportation by these heavy trucks causes greenhouse gas emissions detrimental to the environment. To cope with challenges caused by environmental issues and energy crises, replacing heavy trucks with electric trucks seems to be a viable solution. They can be considered as an energy resource that supports grid-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-grid, enabling efficient energy management for smart manufacturing systems and supply chains. Proper scheduling of charging and discharging activities of electric trucks also supports the penetration of renewable energy sources with volatile energy generation. This paper encourages sustainable practices and proposes a mixed integer programming model for the simultaneous optimization of production planning and transportation scheduling of electric trucks in a smart manufacturing system. The uncertainty sources considered in this system include power generation of renewable energy, transportation patterns, and customer demand for products. The results show that utilizing electric trucks in smart manufacturing with real-time pricing, save up to 11% of the total cost compared to traditional manufacturing systems without electric trucks and renewable energies. This integration also increases the efficient utilization of renewable energies such as wind and solar powers. The savings decrease to 4% and 8% under flat and time-of-use electricity pricing strategies. The results also highlight the complexity of setting utilization level of electric trucks and renewable energy sources into well-implemented sustainability standards.