Sustainability Of Russia Research Articles

Prospects for the use of preferential taxation of individuals to achieve environmental sustainability in Russia

Within the framework of this article, the issue of achieving sustainable development goals is problematized, special attention is paid to the study of the possibilities of preferential taxation to ensure environmentally responsible behavior of individuals, as a significant facet of a proactive approach to solving environmental problems. The importance of the participation of the state and society in achieving the goal through the provision of tax preferences is emphasized. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: the place of environmental responsibility in the system of general responsibility of individuals was studied; the role and methods of the state in the system of encouraging environmentally responsible behavior and consumption of the population are outlined; An assessment is made of the prospects for the use of environmental preferences in the taxation system for individuals. The study revealed that at the same time, environmental tax instruments are practically not used in Russia at the moment. Directions for the development of environmental tax preferences are proposed through the dissemination of the practice of applying zero tax rates for transport taxes, the introduction of environmental tax deductions, and the adjustment of investment tax deductions for taxes for individuals.

RUSSIA'S RECENT MIDDLE EAST ENGAGEMENTS: HITTING MULTIPLE BIRDS WITH A SINGLE STONE

During the early post-Cold War period, the global order witnessed a significant shift, with Western liberal democracy emerging as the predominant force. However, this ascent of the United States in pursuit of global dominance gave rise to a Security Dilemma, fostering the emergence of alternative powers in various regions worldwide. Among these, Russia has played a prominent role, notably in the Middle East. This study seeks to examine Russia's historical and contemporary objectives in the Middle East, analyzing its political, economic, and security pursuits. Through the lens of the "Security Dilemma," the article underscores Russia's transformation into a potent regional counterbalance to Western influence in various respects. The article concludes that the sustainability of Russia's gains depends on the fluid Middle East landscape, the continuation of Putin's leadership, and the influence of potential Western sanctions.

Are western sanctions so terrible and how to contain their impact on the economy and population of Russia?

Subject. The article considers the impact of US and Western sanctions on the economy and citizens of the Russian Federation after the start of the special military operation in Ukraine. Objectives. Our aim is to analyze the impact of sanctions on the Russian economy and its financial system, to identify economic determinants enabling to restrain this impact. Methods. The study draws on methods of scientific and information base, synthesis, grouping of obtained data. The methodological and theoretical basis consists of works of domestic and foreign scientists on the impact of economic sanctions on the development of individual countries and the world economy. Results. The study shows that the Russian economy has proved to be much more resilient to the impact of sanctions. The sustainability of Russia's economic system rests on four main factors: (1) sales of our export goods, due to price hikes and the absence of a complete embargo; (2) sustainable domestic consumption through extensive support to businesses and citizens, and tightening the State regulation; (3) structure and composition of GDP (the real sector of the Russian economy in GDP is almost 38%); (4) preservation and expansion of friendly relations with major powers that refused to join the restrictive measures of Western countries. Conclusions. The Bank of Russia should stimulate the country's economy, annually increase the amount of money supply, reduce the key rate up to 3% per annum by the end of 2023. This will increase investments in the economy and provide annual GDP growth.

Nexus between Renewable Energy, Environmental Innovation, Trade and environmental sustainability in Russia and India

Nexus between Renewable Energy, Environmental Innovation, Trade and environmental sustainability in Russia and India

Problems of Ensuring Energy Security in the Focus of Sustainable Development: From Traditional Resources to Alternative Ones

In the presented study, the development of energy-efficient technologies is studied using time series data for the years 1970-2020, which make it possible to ensure the sustainability of Russia's development. The threats to energy security in the economic, fuel supply, production, transit blocks and the block of reliability of functioning are identified, which give a signal about the need for measures to level them. Based on the synthesis of the theory of sustainability of economic systems, reliability theory, risk theory, system security theory, as well as analysis of modern factors of fuel and energy sector development, strategic guidelines for improving energy security and economically sustainable development of the fuel and energy sector are substantiated. The modern world is characterized by changes in the parameters and directions of the energy economy under the influence of scientific, technical, environmental, economic, organizational and other factors. The process of serious modernization is underway in the global energy sector. The transformation of the global energy sector is carried out within the framework of ensuring sustainable development through the introduction of new energy-saving technologies. Russia's energy security is based on a rich base of strategic resources and production potential created by the fuel and energy complex, which can ensure the gradual development of the country and its security. However, in recent decades, despite energy independence and independence, the issue of energy security has become more acute for various regions of Russia, which is associated with steadily growing energy needs. The study examines the dynamics of oil and gas production in Russia and the world. The factors of energy security of the Russian economy and the population with generated capacities, which are a barometer of the sustainability of economic development, are identified. The possibilities of transition from traditional energy sources first to REI, and then to inexhaustible natural sources, with the use of new digital technologies for their distribution and consumption in the economy are considered. The specific natural conditions of various regions of Russia are investigated for the possibility of developing alternative energy based on water, wind, solar energy, geothermal energy, wave energy, tides, and biomass energy. The economic, technological, social and environmental effects resulting from the use of energy-efficient technologies are substantiated.

Sustainability of Russia’s Regional Budgets When Subjected to Macroeconomic Shocks

Sustainability of Russia’s Regional Budgets When Subjected to Macroeconomic Shocks

How to Ensure Fiscal Sustainability in Russia.

—The COVID-19 pandemic and global economic crisis aggravated risks to long-term fiscal stability in Russia. The article analyzes why compliance with the fiscal rule prevents us from curbing these risks, and the way in which construction of this rule should be modified to improve its efficiency. It makes a strong case for system-based fiscal consolidation to enhance fiscal stability and presents options for optimization of spending and tax increases.

Citizen involvement in urban planning process in Russia

The paper examines citizen involvement in the urban planning process. Although different forms of public control have been established in Russian legislation application of western approaches for urban planning process, organizations face low interest from local communities, on the one hand, and inability of local authorities to work with public initiative, on the other. The research is based on the multidisciplinary approach. The methodology includes deliberative democracy, advocacy planning conceptions, spatial economic theory, and urban studies. Methods of system, institutional, comparative analysis, focus groups and content analysis are used. The research has been conducted based on the materials of public space renovation projects in some major cities - regional capitals in Russia. The empirical base of the research includes acts regulating the urban planning sphere, mass media content about urban space renovation projects, materials from focus groups with representatives from local authorities and initiative citizen groups. The paper represent results of the international scientific research project “Legitimacy, urban planning and sustainability in Russia and Sweden (LUPSRUSS)” which was funded by the Swedish International Centre for Local Democracy (ICLD).

Monitoring and Risk Assessment of the National Project “Ecology”

In the conditions of the modern economic development, its focus on sustainable development and environmental problems are of paramount importance. The directions of achieving environmental sustainability in Russia are supposed to be solved through the implementation of a set of measures outlined in the national project “Ecology”, which sets a number of targets and additional indicators that contribute to solving environmental problems. The article is devoted to the factors influencing the implementation of national projects and programs in the field of ecology in the Russian Federation. An analysis of the implementation of the “Ecology” project and the state program of the Russian Federation “Environmental Protection” as well as the study of Russian and foreign practices (experience of Singapore, Great Britain, Germany and other countries) regarding the monitoring the implementation of strategic documents, have helped to identify the relevant risks and to conduct their assessment, with the aim of increasing the effectiveness of financial control over the implementation of the national project. On the basis of the identified risks, the targets of the “Ecology” project were identified, which, in the opinion of the authors, requires its revision in order to be more effective. The results of the study may be interesting as relevant state bodies responsible for the implementation of the national project “Ecology”, in particular, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation, as well as bodies which are monitoring its implementation, for example, the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation.

Towards environmental sustainability in Russia: evidence from green universities

Universities all over the world are increasingly recognizing the need for the attainment of environmental sustainability on campuses resulting in the adoption of several environmental sustainable initiatives by university management. This article, therefore, seeks to investigate the impact of campus-base management practices on environmental quality among Russian Universities. The study also explores the strengths and weaknesses against the best practices for campus sustainability as defined by the UI greenMetric world university ranking as well as the awareness of students about pro-environmental behaviours on campuses. Secondary data from the 2015 to 2019 world university ranking was sourced for the impact assessment as well as the strengths and weaknesses. The study also sourced primary data with the help of a structured questionnaire from student respondents to assess their awareness of pro-environmental behaviours. Fixed-effects, and random-effects models were used to assess the management impact on environmental quality. The result from the empirical models indicate that education and research, transportation and waste influence environmental quality on university campuses. The strengths and weaknesses of universities were assessed based on six (6) categories (setting and infrastructure, energy and climate change, waste, water, transport, and education and research). The study also assessed the perception of students on pro-environmental activities. While the results show an increasing trend of awareness among Russian universities (Management) in campus sustainability initiatives, most students appear to be unaware of environmental initiatives undertaken by their universities. The study, therefore, made some recommendations that can help improve campus sustainability levels while at the same time increase student participation.

Spatial Organization of Economic Development of Energy Resources in the Arctic Region of the Russian Federation

In the conditions of price reduction in the world energy market, the issue of determining the priorities of the economic development of hydrocarbons in the Arctic Region of the Russian Federation (RF) becomes highly relevant. The article is aimed at developing an optimal model for the spatial organization of energy resources in the Arctic Region. The expert elicitation procedure was used to determine the efficiency indicators for the economic development of the oil-and-gas-bearing areas in the Arctic Region and clusterization of these areas was carried out in terms of economic efficiency. Based on the factor analysis, the degree of influence of efficiency indicators on the economic development of the oil and gas bearing areas of the region was determined and, an integrated performance indicator of economic development for oil-and-gas-bearing areas for each cluster was calculated with regard to the factor loadings. A 3-D model was developed for the organization of economic development of oil and gas in the Arctic Region. The 3-D model became the basis for determining the priorities for territorial exploration, development and production of hydrocarbons in terms of their economic efficiency, taking into account the trends in the development of the world energy market and break-even fields. A set of recommendations was developed to improve the efficiency of the spatial organization of economic development of oil and gas in the Arctic Region. The implementation of the proposed measures can contribute to the development of the oil and gas industry in the region, its socio-economic development and the long-term sustainability of Russia's energy security.

Features of the International Cooperation in Nuclear Power at the Present Stage

Purpose: in article the author raises the aspects of the international cooperation in nuclear power. The author wants to analyse the multiplefactor analysis of the international regulation in the field of peaceful use of atomic energy and to reveal competitive advantages of the Russian Federation in this area. Methods: the methodological base of the research was made by set of general scientific methods and methods of the economic analysis. In particular, such methods of the scientific analysis were used as system approach, method of the comparative analysis, synthesis and analysis. From economic methods was used the method of the analysis of the branch competitiveness. Results: the author, raises the aspects of the international cooperation in nuclear power, comes to the conclusion that the specifics of branch cause need of comprehensive and close international interaction for prevention of distribution of dual-use technologies, for ensuring global and regional ecological and energy security, for ensuring the rights to use peaceful atom for needs of national economies and for observance of rules of the free market competition in such a complex branch of the world economy. Conclusions and Relevance: nuclear power is a high-tech and innovative branch of the Russian economy. Today it is one of the most dynamically developing in the country, and also plays a significant role in the world energy. Among the competitive advantages of the national nuclear power industry is the development of new technologies, flexible price offers in foreign markets, etc. The development of the branch and the sustainability of Russia's competitive position in this area on foreign markets require the development of new proposals for different regional markets and the implementation of planned measures to support the level of competitiveness. Сonclusions can be used as recommendations for developing programs to increase the competitiveness of the Rosatom State Corporation

The Quest for Rural Sustainability in Russia

Rural depopulation and the disappearance of villages in rural Russia occurred as part of the historical process of urbanization and industrialization. Rural depopulation also occurred for structural reasons having to do with village location, and for behavioral reasons whereby villagers react to primitive living conditions and poor economic prospects. Three possible strategies for addressing the problem of sustainable villages are considered. The government is attempting to improve rural living conditions, but rural depopulation is likely to continue. Characteristics of sustainable villages are outlined. Agro-tourism is analyzed for its potential to support sustainable villages.

Social and Philosophic Aspects of Regional Sustainability in the Global World

The article studies the problems connected with peculiarities of the regional sustainability establishment regarding social and economic issues. The author analyzes social and philosophical peculiarities of regional sustainability system, especially important in the conditions of globalization, which has been significantly transforming regional economics. The article demonstrates that regional sustainability in Russia has its own specifics and may become an efficient alternative to negative globalization tendencies of the modern world. Globalization as a natural process of nations' approximation is based on system sustainability, which supposes sustainability of separate structural units especially well observed during the research of regional social institutes. In our opinion, the concept of sustainable is mainly social and can be defined by two of its main features: anthropocentric and biosphere-centric. In a general sense, the anthropocentric sign is understood as the survival of humanity and the ability (possibility) of its further ongoing (stable) long continuous development for our descendants to have the same opportunities as the current generation to meet their needs in natural conditions and ecological environment of the Earth and space. Sustainable development refers to a form of human development when the needs of the present generations are met without doing harm for future generations. Sustainable regional development is a balanced development based on historical traditions and mentality of a particular self-sufficient social unit, thereby providing a continuous, not only socio-economic but also spiritual progress of the society in harmony with others. The study of peculiarities of regional sustainability in the global world supposes implementation of dialectic principles. During the analysis of regionalization, the fact that globalization of politics is expressed in the appeal to the public point of view, is not taken into consideration, while the public point of view is often a subject of different kind of manipulations. The necessity of the regional approach is also explained by the fact that true democracy is not unification and not forced similarity, but the unity in variety, community of the different. According to this approach, the empirically present form of democracy cannot be something single valued. In the meantime, the author highlights that regionalism is not chaotic self-determination of social groups. They develop their own rules. Unfortunately, the modern situation in the society contributes more to the immersion of crowds than to the creative development of the personality. Our consumer civilization generates a threat to the total depersonalization and dehumanization of a person. According to the author, the conception of regionalization obtains specific clarity and intensity in the works of the scholars, who connect real globalization processes with the information stage of the modern research and technology revolution and its real impact on the development of the world

Urban sustainability in Russia's Arctic: lessons from a recent conference and areas for further investigations

Drawing on research presentations at a recent conference, this article presents a big picture overview of the factors determining urban sustainability in the Russian Arctic and lays out ideas for further study. It argues that there are two main drivers affecting the development of Russian Arctic cities: resource extraction and climate change. Russia's responses to these drivers work through a number of mechanisms, including evolving decision-making processes, demography and migration policies, and international cooperation in the Arctic. In the area of Arctic urban sustainability, Russia's leaders usually favor economic development over environmental protection while depriving city governments of the resources needed to address sustainability issues. The concluding section suggests avenues for further research designed to advance scholarly understanding and policy outcomes, including further refining our understanding of the drivers and policy-making process, comparative analysis, and focused case studies.

Устойчивость экономического развития регионов России

Technique for assessment of economic development sustainability of Russia’s
 regions is provided. Methodologically the technique is based on diagnosing the
 loss of sustainability in economic growth and assessing the degree of instability.
 The authors propose to assess the degree of sustainability by such measure, as
 variance in the economy’s growth rate, while the risks of instable growth — by
 an index, reflecting relative variance in economic growth rates.
 Economic growth sustainability and dynamics for several RF administrative
 territories are assessed, including Belgorod oblast, Bryansk oblast, Volgograd
 oblast, Pskov oblast, the cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg, the Republic of
 Dagestan and Krasnodar krai. The estimates are based on statistics for the
 2000—2011 years period.
 As is found out, different territories has different periods of sustainable and
 unsustainable development as well as different degrees of economic growth
 instability. In terms of economic development Belgorod oblast, the city of St.
 Petersburg, Krasnodar krai and the Republic of Dagestan are stable as compared
 to the growth of the overall Russian economy. Such territories, as Bryansk
 oblast, Volgograd oblast, Pskov oblast and the city of Moscow show instability
 of economic development as compared to the Russian economy as a whole. As
 correlation and regression analysis shows, indices of economic development
 instability significantly affect investments in the regional economy.
 Based on a small sample of administrative territories the authors show that
 instability of economic development is responsible for 40 per cent reduction in
 investments. Thus the conclusion is made that economic development
 instability is a rather significant factor of the territory’s investment climate.

Assessing Sustainability of Russia's Federal Budget in the Crisis Period

The article estimates the effectiveness and adequacy of existing instruments and measures to ensure fiscal sustainability in Russia. Major shocks to Russia's federal budget under conditions of the global crisis are indicated. The author recommends to return to the fiscal rules that promote fiscal sustainability.

Landscape management for increasing productivity and sustainability of Russia’s agricultural lands

An important environment-forming role of fodder production in providing productivity and sustainability of agrolandscapes was established on the basis of generalizing data of long-term investigations. A system of measures is proposed for optimizing agrolandscapes, which should include management of its infrastructure, structure of crop areas, crop rotations, and anthropogenic loads on individual land areas.

Putin's western choice: too good to be true?

This article examines Russia's pro-Western shift in the aftermath of the September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States. The shift in Russia's policy has taken many in the West by surprise, and there has not been a coherent response to it. The article attempts to assess the cumulative impact of countervailing forces in Russia in order to offer an opinion about the sustainability of Russia's current European orientation. There are strong domestic forces opposing Putin's Western choice, which will likely reassert themselves sooner or later.