Abstract
Rural depopulation and the disappearance of villages in rural Russia occurred as part of the historical process of urbanization and industrialization. Rural depopulation also occurred for structural reasons having to do with village location, and for behavioral reasons whereby villagers react to primitive living conditions and poor economic prospects. Three possible strategies for addressing the problem of sustainable villages are considered. The government is attempting to improve rural living conditions, but rural depopulation is likely to continue. Characteristics of sustainable villages are outlined. Agro-tourism is analyzed for its potential to support sustainable villages.
Highlights
The actual state of rural depopulation may be worse because some villages have many residents who are registered in the village but who live in an urban center, and this is especially common for villages in the non-Black Earth zone of European Russia and in the north
The food sovereignty movement is considered as an alternative model to industrial agriculture
Food sovereignty represents a new green revolution that revolves around agroecology
Summary
The Brundtland Commission in 1987 defined sustainable development as “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” [2] This definition became the standard for the 25 years. In developing states food security among the rural and urban poor is a bigger problem than agricultural production that is not ecologically sustainable [4]. Questions surrounding sustainable communities in developed nations are different from those in low-income states. Questions about sustainable rural communities relate to the supply of labor and impact food production directly. Severe urban bias creates incentives for rural dwellers to migrate from the countryside, thereby reducing the supply of labor and endangering the sustainability of rural communities. The upshot is that the quest for sustainable villages remains difficult
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